Ebe a na-azụ anụ

Ancient, Traditional, and Modern Granaries
Granary in Kashan, Iran
Golghar granary, built in 1786, Patna, India
Han dynasty granary on Silk Road west of Dunhuang, China
Wooden granaries of the local museum in Iisalmi, Finland
A large granary in Bydgoszcz, Poland, on the Brda River
Multi-storey granary with portico, built in 1835, Kiszombor, Hungary
Granary in Verkhivnia, Ukraine, built in 1913
Former granary in Zürich, Switzerland, 1897
Meiji period granary, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan
Two rangkiang in a photo Àtụ:C. of rice granaries in the Minangkabau architectural style in Batipuh in the Padang Plateau, Sumatra, Indonesia
The Port Perry, Ontario, Canada mill and grain elevator, granary, built in 1873 (photographed Àtụ:C.)
Modern steel granaries in Iowa, U.S.

Ebe a na-adọba ọka bụ ụlọ nkwakọba ihe ma ọ bụ ọnụ ụlọ dị n'ọba maka ọka ma ọ bụ nri anụmanụ a zọchaworo. A na-ejikarị ite ụrọ eme ọka ochie ma ọ bụ nke ochie. A na-arụkarị ebe a na-ebu ọka n'elu ala iji mee ka nri a na-echekwara ghara ịdị na òké na anụmanụ ndị ọzọ na idei mmiri.

Mmalite mbụ

Site n'oge ochie, a na-echekwa ọka n'ụba. Ụlọ nkwakọba ihe kachasị ochie a chọtara malitere na 9500 BC ma dị na Pre-Pottery Neolithic A settlements na Ndagwurugwu Jọdan.^[1] Ndị mbụ dị n'etiti ụlọ ndị ọzọ. Otú ọ dị malite na 8500 BC, a kwagara ha n'ime ụlọ, na 7500 BC nchekwa mere n'ime ọnụ ụlọ pụrụ iche.^[1] Ụlọ nkwakọba ihe mbụ ahụ tụrụ 3 x 3 m n'èzí ma nwee ala kwụ ọtọ nke na-echebe ọka ahụ pụọ na ụmụ oke na ụmụ ahụhụ ma na-enye ikuku ikuku.^[1]

Ndị nọ na Mehrgarh na Ndagwurugwu Indus sochiri ebe a na-adọba ụgbọala site na 6000 BC. Ndị Ijipt oge ochie mere omume nke ịchekwa ọka n'ime afọ iriju afọ megide ọtụtụ afọ nke ụkọ. Ọnọdụ ihu igwe nke Egypt ebe kpọrọ nkụ nke ukwuu, enwere ike ịchekwa ọka n'olulu ruo ogologo oge na-enweghị mbelata nke ọma.

N'akụkọ ihe mere eme, silo bụ olulu maka ịchekwa ọka. Ọ dị iche na granary, nke bụ ihe dị n'elu ala.

Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Eshia

Ebe nchekwa dị mfe e welitere na post anọ ma ọ bụ karịa pụtara na Omenala Yangshao na China na mgbe mmalite nke ọrụ ugbo siri ike na mpaghara Korea n'oge Oge ite ite Mumun (ihe dị ka 1000 BC) yana n'àgwàetiti Japan n'oge Oge Jōmon / Early Yayoi (ihe dịka 800 BC). N'asụsụ ndị e gwupụtara n'ala n'ebe ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ Eshia, a na-ejikọta ihe ndị a na ndị nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ dị ka ebe obibi ma na-akpọ ha 'ụlọ elu dị elu'.

China wuru usoro dị mgbagwoju anya iji belata ọnwụ ụnwụ nri. E bibiri usoro ahụ na Taiping Rebellion nke 1850s.^[2]^[3]^[4]

Ndịda Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Eshia

N'Ihe owuwu obodo nke Àgwàetiti Indonesia, a na-eji osisi na ihe ndị e ji achara rụọ ọtụtụ n'ime ha ma na-ebuli elu na post anọ ma ọ bụ karịa iji zere ụmụ oke na ụmụ ahụhụ. Ihe atụ nke ụdị granary Indonesian bụ Sundanese leuit na Minang rangkiang.

Great Britain

Na South Hams nke dị na ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ Great Britain, e wuru obere ụlọ nri n'elu ogwe osisi ndị yiri anwụrụ a na-akpọ staddle stones. A na-ewu ha site na osisi-frame ma na-enwekarị elu ụlọ slate. Ndị buru ibu yiri linhays, mana ụlọ elu ya dị n'ime. A na-ejikarị steepụ nkume na mgbidi dị n'èzí abanye na okpukpu nke mbụ.^[5]

Ka ọ na-erule ngwụcha narị afọ nke iri na itoolu, ụlọ nkwakọba ihe ndị e mere maka ijide ọka malitere ịba ụba na Great Britain. E nwere nsogbu ihu igwe n'ụzọ ichekwa ọka na Great Britain n'ụzọ buru ibu, mana emeriwo ihe isi ike ndị a n'ụzọ dị ukwuu.

Oge A

Ọrụ ugbo ọka nke oge a na-ejikarị ụlọ nkwakọba ihe ígwè arụpụtara echekwa ọka n'ebe ahụ ruo mgbe a ga-ebugharị ya na nnukwu ebe nchekwa na-atụ anya mbupu. A maara nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ ndị a na-arụ ọrụ, karịsịa na Russia na North America dị ka elevator ọka.

Ihe Nlereanya

Ancient, Traditional, and Modern Granaries
Granary in Kashan, Iran
Golghar granary, built in 1786, Patna, India
Han dynasty granary on Silk Road west of Dunhuang, China
Wooden granaries of the local museum in Iisalmi, Finland
A large granary in Bydgoszcz, Poland, on the Brda River
Multi-storey granary with portico, built in 1835, Kiszombor, Hungary
Granary in Verkhivnia, Ukraine, built in 1913
Former granary in Zürich, Switzerland, 1897
Meiji period granary, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan
Two rangkiang in a photo Àtụ:C. of rice granaries in the Minangkabau architectural style in Batipuh in the Padang Plateau, Sumatra, Indonesia
The Port Perry, Ontario, Canada mill and grain elevator, granary, built in 1873 (photographed Àtụ:C.)
Modern steel granaries in Iowa, U.S.

Nchịkwa mmiri

A ghaghị idebe ọka n'ebe mmiri na-adịghị ruo ogologo oge o kwere mee iji chekwaa ya n'ọnọdụ dị mma ma gbochie uto ebu. Mkpụrụ osisi a na-ewepụta ọhụrụ a na-eweta n'ime ụlọ nri na-enwekarị mmiri ozuzo gabigara ókè, nke na-agba ume uto ebu na-eduga n'ịgbasa na okpomọkụ, nke abụọ a bụ ihe a na-achọghị ma na-emetụta àgwà. Ịgbari n'ozuzu ya na-emebi ọka ma nwee ike ịkpata mgbanwe kemịkal nke na-emepụta mycotoxins na-egbu egbu.

Otu ọgwụgwọ ọdịnala bụ ịgbasa ọka n'ime obere okpokoro n'ala, ebe a na-atụgharị ya iji mee ka ọ dị mma. Ozugbo ọka ahụ kpọrọ nkụ nke ọma, enwere ike ibufe ya n'ụlọ nkwakọba ihe maka nchekwa. Taa, enwere ike ime nke a site na igwe na-ebugharị ọka site n'otu ụlọ nri gaa na nke ọzọ.

Na silos nke oge a, a na-ejikarị ike ikuku na-eme ka ọka dị n'ebe ahụ ma ọ bụ na-agagharị site na ngwá ọrụ na-akwọcha ọka.

Hụkwa

Hambar
Ihe ihere
Egwu
Ihe omuma
Ebe a na-echekwa ihe
Ebe a na-azụ ọka
Groote Schuur, nnukwu ụlọ South Africa bụbu ụlọ nri.
Ụlọ nkwakọba ihe osise
Treppenspeicher
Ghorfa
Ebe a na-edebe nri na parish

Ebem si dee

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Kuijt (June 2009). "Evidence for food storage and predomestication granaries 11,000 years ago in the Jordan Valley". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 106 (27): 10966–10970. DOI:10.1073/pnas.0812764106. ISSN 0027-8424. PMID 19549877.
↑ Will (2020-08-06). Nourish the People: The State Civilian Granary System in China, 1650–1850 (in en). University of Michigan Press. DOI:10.3998/mpub.19044. ISBN 978-0-89264-091-1.
↑ Edgerton-Tarpley (2014-05-01). "From "Nourish the People" to "Sacrifice for the Nation": Changing Responses to Disaster in Late Imperial and Modern China" (in en). The Journal of Asian Studies 73 (2): 447–469. DOI:10.1017/S0021911813002374. ISSN 0021-9118.
↑ Shiue (2004-03-29). "Local Granaries and Central Government Disaster Relief: Moral Hazard and Intergovernmental Finance in Eighteenth- and Nineteenth-Century China" (in en). The Journal of Economic History 64 (1): 100–124. DOI:10.1017/S002205070400261X. ISSN 0022-0507.
↑ Barn Guide: Traditional Farm Buildings in the South Hams: Their Adaptation and Re-use. Retrieved on 2021-04-12.

[PNAS09-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Kuijt (June 2009). "Evidence for food storage and predomestication granaries 11,000 years ago in the Jordan Valley". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 106 (27): 10966–10970. DOI:10.1073/pnas.0812764106. ISSN 0027-8424. PMID 19549877.

[2] Will (2020-08-06). Nourish the People: The State Civilian Granary System in China, 1650–1850 (in en). University of Michigan Press. DOI:10.3998/mpub.19044. ISBN 978-0-89264-091-1.

[3] Edgerton-Tarpley (2014-05-01). "From "Nourish the People" to "Sacrifice for the Nation": Changing Responses to Disaster in Late Imperial and Modern China" (in en). The Journal of Asian Studies 73 (2): 447–469. DOI:10.1017/S0021911813002374. ISSN 0021-9118.

[4] Shiue (2004-03-29). "Local Granaries and Central Government Disaster Relief: Moral Hazard and Intergovernmental Finance in Eighteenth- and Nineteenth-Century China" (in en). The Journal of Economic History 64 (1): 100–124. DOI:10.1017/S002205070400261X. ISSN 0022-0507.

[5] Barn Guide: Traditional Farm Buildings in the South Hams: Their Adaptation and Re-use. Retrieved on 2021-04-12.

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