Fauna na Flora International

 

 

Fauna & Flora
Formation 1903 (1903)
Type INGO
Purpose Page Templeeti:Plainlist/styles.css has no content.
  • Nchekwa Anụ Ọhịa
  • Nchekwa dabere na ihe akaebe
  • Nkwado
  • Ihe owuwu ikike
Isi ụlọ ọrụ Cambridge
Ógbè e jere ozi
Africa, Asia-Pacific, Central America, Caribbean, Eurasia
Onye isi oche
 Liz Rogers
Onye isi nchịkwa
 Kristian Teleki[1]
Ndị isi
 Edward Buxton, Prince William, Duke nke Cambridge, Princess Laurentien nke Netherlands, David Attenborough
Orga bụ isi
 Kansụl
Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ www.fauna-flora.org
A na-akpọbu ya
 Fauna and Flora Preservation Society, Society for the Preservation of the Wild Fauna of the Empire, Fauna & Flora International

Fauna & Flora bụ ọrụ ebere zuru ụwa ọnụ na-ahụ maka nchekwa ihe okike yana ọgbakọ anaghị achị achị nke raara onwe ya nye maka ichekwa anụ ọhịa na ebe obibi egwu ụwa. Dịka ọrụ ebere nchekwa mba ụwa izizi, Fauna & Flora na-akpụzi omume kacha mma na nchekwa lekwasịrị anya obodo kemgbe ihe karịrị afọ 120. Taa, ndị ọrụ ebere na-arụkọ ọrụ ọnụ na ndị mmekọ nchekwa nchekwa obodo na ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ mba 50 iji chebe ebe obibi, mee ka oké osimiri dịghachi ndụ, belata nkwụsịtụ, kwụsị ịzụ ahịa anụ ọhịa na-akwadoghị, ịlụso mgbanwe ihu igwe ọgụ ma na-emetụta amụma ụwa na nkwado ụlọ ọrụ.

Tọrọ ntọala dị ka Society for Preservation of the Wild Fauna of the Empire, ọha mmadụ kere ụfọdụ n'ime egwuregwu mbụ na mmemme ozuzu n'agha n'ime narị afọ nke 20. Akwụkwọ akụkọ sayensị nyochara nke ọha, nke a maara ugbu a dị ka Oryx, na-ebipụta akụkọ sayensị nchekwa kemgbe 1904.

Emebere auna & Flora International n'okpuru iwu Bekee dị ka ụlọ ọrụ amachiri na nkwa yana ọ bụ ọrụ ebere edebanyere aha ya na isi ụlọ ọrụ ya na Cambridge. FFI nwere òtù ụmụnna na US na Australia, yana enyemaka na Singapore. FFI na-eme mmemme na mmemme nchekwa ugbu a n'ihe dị ka mba 40 yana mmekorita ya na ụlọ ọrụ mmekọ obodo, ụlọ ọrụ, obodo na ndị ọchịchị, na-elekwasị anya n'iwulite ikike, ụzọ dabere na obodo na nchekwa mmiri.

FFI nwere ogologo akụkọ ihe mere eme nke nkwado eze sitere na Edward, Prince of Wales (mgbe e mesịrị Edward VIII), bụ onye ghọrọ onye na-elekọta otu na 1928. Queen Elizabeth II bụ onye na-elekọta FFI afọ 68 ka ọ rịgoro n'ocheeze ruo mgbe e nyefere nke a. Prince William, Duke nke Cambridge na Ọktọba 2020 iji kwado ya na "ọrụ ogologo oge ya na nchekwa na nkwado maka obodo na-echebe gburugburu ebe obibi ha maka ọgbọ n'ọdịnihu." Princess Laurentien nke Netherlands bụ onye isi FFI ugbu a. FFI nwekwara ọtụtụ ndị osote onye isi oche dị elu, gụnyere David Attenborough, onye na-etinye aka na FFI kemgbe 1959, Stephen Fry, Charlotte Uhlenbroek, na Lord Browne nke Madingley.

Akụkọ ihe mere eme

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E hiwere Society for the Preservation of the Wild Fauna of the Empire dị ka otu nzukọ onwe onye na 1903 dị ka otu ndị otu ndị isi Britain na ndị ọchịchị America nọ n'ógbè ndị dị n'Africa.[2][3] Onye guzobere ya bụ Edward Buxton, onye chọrọ ichebe mpaghara UK n'oge gara aga.[4] Ebumnuche nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ bụ ichebe ọdịnihu nke nnukwu ụmụ anụmanụ na-enye nwa ara n'ebe ndịda Afrịka, nke belatara n'ihi ịchụ nta na ịbanye n'ebe obibi, n'ime ebe nchekwa egwuregwu. Site na 1903 ruo 1914, ndị otu ahụ gbara gọọmentị na-achị Britain ume ka ha chebe mpaghara nke ihe ndị sitere n'okike, chịkwaa ahịa ọdụ́ ma gbanwee iwu nke igbuchapụ anụ ọhịa iji chịkwaa nnụnụ tsetse.[4] Society keere òkè dị mkpa na iwu nke na-achịkwa ịchụ nta na ichekwa ebe obibi na East Africa na South Africa, na-emeghe ụzọ maka ịmepụta ụfọdụ n'ime ogige ntụrụndụ mba mbụ ma na-emetụta ọdịnihu nke nchekwa okike.[4][3][2] Ndị ọkà mmụta nke oge a akọwaala mgbalị ndị mbụ a dị ka mgbatị nke ọchịchị.[5][4][3][2] Ogige Ntụrụndụ Kruger na South Africa, Ogige Ntụndụ Serengeti na Tanzania, na ọtụtụ ebe nchekwa egwuregwu na Kenya, n'etiti ndị ọzọ, bụ ndị e guzobere site na ọrụ nke Society.[2]

Logo nke FFI na aha akwụkwọ akụkọ agụmakwụkwọ ya na-ezo aka na oryx Arabian (Oryx leucoryx), na-ezobe mkpọsa mmeghachi omume nke ọma nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ duziri.

Ndị otu ahụ bụkwa ndị mbụ na-eme ihe gbasara ịzụlite ụmụ na iweghachi ụdị dị iche iche. N'ịzaghachi mkpochapụ nke oryx nke Arabia, Operation Oryx na mmekorita ya na Phoenix Zoo n'oge 1960s na n'ịgbaso n'ime iri afọ ndị sochirinụ jiri ihe ịga nke ọma weghachite ndị bi n'ọhịa na Oman, Jọdan na Saudi Arabia.[6][7] Omume nke ịzụlite na ntọhapụ nke mbụ malitere n'oge Operation Oryx na-eji ya eme ihe ugbu a n'ọtụtụ ebe na atụmatụ nchekwa.

A gbanwere aha ụlọ ọrụ ahụ ka ọ bụrụ Fauna Preservation Society tupu a gbanwere aha ya ka ọ bụrụFauna and Flora Preservation Company na 1981 ma mesịa bụrụ Fauna and Flra International na 1995.

Ihe omume nke oge a

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Na mgbakwunye na isi ụlọ ọrụ zuru ụwa ọnụ na David Attenborough Building na Cambridge, FFI na-ahazi mmemme nchekwa na mba ndị gafere Caribbean, Central America, Africa, Eurasia na Asia-Pacific.

Akwụkwọ akụkọ sayensị nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ - Oryx - The International Journal of Conservation - bụ nke Cambridge University Press bipụtara n'aha ya.[8] Kemgbe afọ 2008, FFI ebipụtakwala Cambodian Journal of Natural History, akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ a na-enyocha na Cambodia, na mmekorita ya na Royal University of Phnom Penh.[9]

FFI guzobere Mountain Gorilla Project na Rwanda na 1979 na arịrịọ nke David Attenborough na-esote mgbasa ozi nke Life on Earth.[10] A maara ya ugbu a dị ka International Gorilla Conservation Programme ma na-ejikọ ya na World Wide Fund for Nature.[11]

Na Portugal, FFI na Liga para a Proteção da Natureza na-arụkọ ọrụ na iweghachi lynx Iberian.[12]

N'afọ 2004, FFI kwadoro ịzụta ebe a na-azụ ehi na Kenya ma gbanwee ya ka ọ bụrụ Ol Pejeta Conservancy, ebe a na'ahụ maka anụ ọhịa rhinoceros ojii na megafauna ndị ọzọ dị ụkọ.[13] FFI na-arụkwa ọrụ iji belata esemokwu mmadụ na enyí site na isoro ndị ọrụ ugbo na-arụkọ ọrụ.[14]

N'afọ 2000, njem FFI duziri na Ugwu Cardamom na Cambodia dugara na nchọpụta nke agụ iyi Siamese dị oke egwu n'ọhịa, nke e chere na ọ dịghịzi. Kemgbe ahụ, FFI guzobere ma na-aga n'ihu na-agba ọsọ na mmemme ịzụlite na ntọhapụ na Phnom Tamao Wildlife Rescue Centre nke mụbara ọnụ ọgụgụ anụ ọhịa.[15] N'afọ 2009, FFI, ndị ọchịchị Cambodia na Wildlife Alliance haziri mgbochi maka mmepụta mmanụ sassafras iwu na-akwadoghị, ihe dị mkpa maka ọgwụ ntụrụndụ MDMA, na Phnom Samkos Wildlife Sanctuary na nzaghachi maka ọrụ ya na mgbukpọ ọhịa na owuwe ihe ubi nke Cinnamomum parthenoxylon dị oke egwu.[16][17] A na-eche na ọrụ a mebiri ahịa ecstasy n'ụwa niile.[18] FFI na-ahazi nzere masta na nchekwa dị iche iche na mmekọrịta ya na Royal University of Phnom Penh.[19][20] Cambodia họpụtara ebe nchekwa mmiri mbụ ya gburugburu Koh Rong na 2016 na-esote ọtụtụ afọ nke mmekorita ya na FFI na ndị mmekọ ndị ọzọ.[21]

Na Ugwu Carpathian nke Romania, FFI na-arụ ọrụ iji belata ịchụ nta nke anụ ọhịa bea na anụ ọhịa wolf site na ibelata esemokwu n'etiti ndị ọrụ ugbo na anụ ọhịa.[22]

FFI malitere ịrụ ọrụ na Myanmar n'afọ 2008. N'afọ 2010, otu ndị na-eme nchọpụta gụnyere FFI kọwara nkịta Myanmar, ụdị ọhụrụ.[23][24] FFI na-emekwa nchedo mbe mmiri.[25] N'afọ 2018, The Guardian bipụtara otu isiokwu na-azọrọ na FFI na ndị agbụrụ Karen nọ na Myanmar na ndị otu na-ahụ maka ikike ụmụ amaala na atụmatụ ichebe ihe ruru 800,000 acres nke oké ọhịa dị ọcha site n'aka ndị na-achụ nta, ndị na-egbu osisi na ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ nkwụ. A na-ahụ atụmatụ ahụ dị ka nke nwere ike ịchụpụ obodo nta site n'ala nna nna ya n'enweghị nkwenye n'efu, tupu ya, na inwe ike itinye nkwekọrịta nkwụsị agha n'ihe ize ndụ n'etiti gọọmentị Myanmar na Karen National Union, nke nwere ike iduga na esemokwu ọzọ n'ógbè ahụ.[26] FFI zaghachiri site n'ikwu na ụmụ amaala nọ "n'obi" nke ọrụ ha nakwa na a gaghị ekpebi ókèala mpaghara ọ bụla echedoro na-enweghị nkwenye n'efu, tupu oge eruo na nke a maara.[27] N'afọ 2020, FFI tinyere aka na nkọwa nke ụdị anụmanụ ọhụrụ ọzọ, Trachypithecus popa, sitere na Myanmar. A na-eche na e nwere ihe dị ka mmadụ 200 fọdụrụ n'ọhịa.[28][29][30]

FFI bụ otu n'ime òtù ndị nwere ihe ịga nke ọma na mkpọsa maka mmachibido iwu nke microbeads na ngwaahịa ntecha na UK na 2019 n'ihi nchegbu na ọ na-enye aka na mmetọ plastik mmiri.[31][32]

N'afọ 2020, FFI kpọrọ gọọmentị n'ụwa niile ka ha kwụsị igwu ala n'oké osimiri niile, na-ekwu maka mmetụta ya na ndụ mmiri ma malite mkpọsa na-akpọ maka ijeri $ 500 kwa afọ ka etinye ego iji chebe anụ ọhịa.[33][34] David Attenborough kwadoro mkpọsa abụọ ahụ ma ihe karịrị otu narị na iri atọ ndị ọzọ kwadoro nke ikpeazụ.

Ihe ịrịba ama ndị dị mkpa

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  • 1904 - Mbipụta mbụ nke akwụkwọ akụkọ nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ, onye bu ụzọ Oryx - The International Journal of Conservation.
  • 1926 - Society for the Preservation of the Wild Fauna of the Empire guzobere Ogige Ntụrụndụ Kruger.
  • 1959 - FFI malitere Operation Noah, nnukwu ọrụ mbugharị anụ ọhịa na nzaghachi maka iwu Kariba Dam na okike nke Lake Kariba.[10]
  • 1962 - Operation Oryx na-enyere aka ịzọpụta oryx nke Arabia site na mkpochapụ site na mmemme ịzụlite, site na iweghachi ya n'ọhịa na Jọdan, Oman na Saudi Arabia. Nke a bụ otu n'ime ihe ịga nke ọma mbụ n'ụwa na-azụlite ma na-ewebata ụdị dị n'ihe ize ndụ.
  • 1966 - Peter Scott, onye isi oche nke IUCN Species Survival Commission, ghọrọ onye isi oche of FFI ma chepụta Red Data Books, nyocha usoro nke ụdị niile nọ n'ihe ize ndụ.
  • 1971 - Mmalite nke 100% Fund (nke bụ Flagship Species Fund ugbu a), nke e guzobere iji kwado obere ọrụ ebe a chọrọ ọrụ nchekwa ngwa ngwa iji chebe ụdị dị n'ihe ize ndụ gburugburu ụwa.
  • 1972 - Ihe Gerald Durrell mere mere ka ndị otu ahụ malite Nzukọ Ụwa na Ịzụlite Ụdị Dị n'Ebe Nri na Nchịkwa dị ka Enyemaka maka Ịdị ndụ ha na Jersey, nkekọrịta ihe ọmụma mbụ n'etiti ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị gbasara echiche nke ịzụlite.
  • 2000 - Alexander Peal, onye isi oche nke Society for the Conservation of Nature of Liberia, onye ọrụ ya FFI kwadoro kemgbe 1996, natara Goldman Environmental Prize, otu n'ime nsọpụrụ kachasị elu maka onye na-echekwa ihe.
  • 2009 - FFI na ndị mmekọ obodo ahụ chọpụtara enwe nwere imi na Myanmar.[23]
  • 2016 - Cambodia kwupụtara ebe nchekwa mmiri mbụ ya mgbe ọtụtụ afọ nke mmekorita nke FFI gasịrị.[21]
  • 2019 - United Kingdom machibidoro microbeads plastik site na ngwaahịa ntecha na-esote mkpọsa nke FFI na òtù ndị ọzọ na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi.[32]

Hụkwa

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  • Ntinyeghachi oryx nke Arab
  • Ihe Omume Nchekwa nke Mba Nile nke Gorilla
  • <i id="mwATM">Oryx</i> (akwụkwọ akụkọ)
  • Ol Pejeta Conservancy
  • Agụ iyi si Siam

Ihe odide

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  1. ↑ "Fauna & Flora announces appointment of new CEO - Fauna & Flora International".
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Cockerill (2020). "Historical insights for understanding the emergence of community-based conservation in Kenya: international agendas, colonial legacies, and contested worldviews". Ecology and Society 25 (2): art15. DOI:10.5751/ES-11409-250215. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Neumann (February 1996). "Dukes, Earls, and Ersatz Edens: Aristocratic Nature Preservationists in Colonial Africa". Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 14 (1): 79–98. DOI:10.1068/d140079. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Prendergast (April 2003). "Colonial wildlife conservation and the origins of the Society for the Preservation of the Wild Fauna of the Empire (1903–1914)". Oryx 37 (2): 251–260. DOI:10.1017/S0030605303000425. 
  5. ↑ Mkumbukwa (December 2008). "The evolution of wildlife conservation policies in Tanzania during the colonial and post-independence periods". Development Southern Africa 25 (5): 589–600. DOI:10.1080/03768350802447875. 
  6. ↑ Fitter (July 1984). "Operation Oryx—the success continues". Oryx 18 (3): 136–137. DOI:10.1017/S0030605300018962. 
  7. ↑ Grimwood (September 1967). "Operation Oryx: The Three Stages of Captive Breeding". Oryx 9 (2): 110–118. DOI:10.1017/S003060530000613X. 
  8. ↑ Oryx—The International Journal of Conservation.
  9. ↑ Cambodian Journal of Natural History | Fauna & Flora International (en). www.fauna-flora.org. Retrieved on 2020-09-18.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Attenborough at the double – Twin landmarks for FFI's greatest ambassador | Fauna & Flora International (en). www.fauna-flora.org (11 December 2019). Retrieved on 2020-09-19. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":2" defined multiple times with different content
  11. ↑ History | International Gorilla Conservation Project.
  12. ↑ Supporting the reintroduction of the Iberian lynx in Portugal. Fauna & Flora International.
  13. ↑ Our story. Ol Pejeta Conservancy.
  14. ↑ Sitati (December 2005). "Factors affecting susceptibility of farms to crop raiding by African elephants: using a predictive model to mitigate conflict: Mitigating crop raiding by African elephants". Journal of Applied Ecology 42 (6): 1175–1182. DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2664.2005.01091.x. 
  15. ↑ Record number of baby Siamese crocodiles found in Cambodian wild (en-US). Southeast Asia Globe (2020-02-19). Retrieved on 2020-09-18.
  16. ↑ Cambodian 'ecstasy oil' factories destroyed by international environmental agency (en). The Guardian (2009-02-25). Retrieved on 2020-09-20.
  17. ↑ Latest raid on 'Ecstasy Oil Factories' in Cambodia | Fauna & Flora International (en). www.fauna-flora.org (15 December 2009). Retrieved on 2020-09-20.
  18. ↑ Reed (2010-06-20). Ecstasy 'disappearing' from British clubs (en-GB). BBC Newsbeat. Retrieved on 2020-09-20.
  19. ↑ Soute (Apr–Jun 2014). "Building a capacity for conservation: Fauna and Flora International's University capacity building project" (in EN). AQ - Australian Quarterly 85 (2): 9. 
  20. ↑ Royal University of Phnom Penh | Fauna & Flora International (en). www.fauna-flora.org. Retrieved on 2020-09-18.
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 Cambodia declares first-ever marine protected area (en-US). Mongabay Environmental News (2016-06-24). Retrieved on 2020-09-18. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":0" defined multiple times with different content
  22. ↑ How Fauna & Flora International turned to a sheepdog to protect bears and wolves (en). Cambridge Independent (2020-07-04). Retrieved on 2020-09-18.
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 FFI discovers new species of snub-nosed monkey | News | Fauna & Flora International (2010-10-30). Archived from the original on 2010-10-30. Retrieved on 2020-09-19. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":1" defined multiple times with different content
  24. ↑ Geissmann (January 2011). "A new species of snub-nosed monkey, genus Rhinopithecus Milne-Edwards, 1872 (Primates, Colobinae), from northern Kachin state, northeastern Myanmar". American Journal of Primatology 73 (1): 96–107. DOI:10.1002/ajp.20894. PMID 20981682. 
  25. ↑ Howard (July 2019). "Improving marine turtle conservation in Myanmar". Oryx 53 (3): 409. DOI:10.1017/S0030605319000383. Templeeti:ProQuest. 
  26. ↑ Carroll. "Displaced villagers in Myanmar at odds with UK charity over land conservation", The Guardian, 2 November 2018.
  27. ↑ 'Ridge to reef' conservation in Tanintharyi | Fauna & Flora International (en). www.fauna-flora.org. Retrieved on 2020-10-28.
  28. ↑ "Newly discovered primate 'already facing extinction'", BBC News, 2020-11-11. Retrieved on 2020-11-11. (in en-GB)
  29. ↑ Roos (18 November 2020). "Mitogenomic phylogeny of the Asian colobine genus Trachypithecus with special focus on Trachypithecus phayrei (Blyth, 1847) and description of a new species". Zoological Research 41 (6): 656–669. DOI:10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2020.254. PMID 33171548. 
  30. ↑ "New species of primate identified in Myanmar – and is already endangered", The Guardian, 11 November 2020.
  31. ↑ Khan. The UK has banned 'microbeads' in cosmetics — tiny pieces of plastic that pollute the ocean. Business Insider. Retrieved on 2020-09-19.
  32. ↑ 32.0 32.1 World leading microbeads ban comes into force (en). GOV.UK. Retrieved on 2020-09-19. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":4" defined multiple times with different content
  33. ↑ Karen McVeigh, David Attenborough calls for ban on 'devastating' deep sea mining, The Guardian (March 12, 2020).
  34. ↑ Green. "David Attenborough leads call for world to invest $500 billion a year to protect nature", Reuters, 2020-09-30. Retrieved on 2020-10-06. (in en)

Njikọ mpụga

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  • Official website

Templeeti:Conservation organisations