ụdịekere | nwoke |
---|---|
mba o sị | Obodoézè Nà Ofú, Guyana |
aha enyere | Frank, Richard |
aha ezinụlọ ya | Bowling |
ụbọchị ọmụmụ ya | 26 Febụwarị 1934 |
Ebe ọmụmụ | Bartica |
asụsụ ọ na-asụ, na-ede ma ọ bụ were na-ebinye aka | Bekee |
ọrụ ọ na-arụ | onye ese, onye na-ahu maka ihe nkiri |
onye were ọrụ | Camberwell College of Arts |
ebe agụmakwụkwọ | Royal College of Art, City and Guilds of London Art School |
Ebe obibi | London, New York City |
Ebe ọrụ | London, Boston, New Brunswick, New York City |
agbụrụ | Ndi Afrika nke Amerika, Guyanese |
Ọrụ ama ama | Giving Birth Astride a Grave |
Ije | Color Field |
Onye òtù nke | Royal Academy of Arts |
ụdị | abstract art |
Ihe nrite | Guggenheim Fellowship, Onye isi nke Order nke Alaeze Ukwu Britain, Knight Bachelor |
webụsaịtị | https://frankbowling.com |
onye nnọchite anya nwebiisinka | ikike mmeputakwa nke CISAC-otu nọchiri anya ya, Design and Artists Copyright Society |
ikike nwebiisinka dị ka onye okike | Ọrụ nwebiisinka chekwara |
omenkà faịlụ na | Philadelphia Museum of Art Library and Archives, Smithsonian American Art and Portrait Gallery Library |
Sir Richard Sheridan Patrick Michael Aloysius Franklin Bowling OBE RA ( né Richard Sheridan Franklin Bowling; amuru 26 Febrụwarị 1934), [1] mara dị ka Frank Bowling, bụ onye omenkà Britain nke amụrụ na British Guiana . A ma ama ya karịsịa maka nnukwu ihe osise ya bụ “Map” nke na-adịghị ahụkebe, bụ́ ndị metụtara okwu a na-adịghị ahụ anya, eserese agba agba na njiri egwu egwu . A kọwawo Bowling dị ka "otu n'ime ndị na-ese ihe osise kachasị dị ndụ na Britain", [2] dị ka "otu n'ime ndị omenkà ojii a ma ama pụta n'ụlọ akwụkwọ nka nke Britain mgbe agha gasịrị" [3] na dịka "onye nwe ọgbara ọhụrụ". [2] Onye nkatọ omenala Britain na onye echiche Stuart Hall nọ na-arụ ọrụ Bowling n'ime ọgbọ mbụ, ma ọ bụ “efegharị” nke agha mgbe agha gasịrị, nka Black-British, nke e ji ndoro-ndoro ochichi mgbe agha gasịrị na mkpochapụ Britain . Ọ bụ onye omenkà ojii mbụ a họpụtara ịbụ onye otu Royal Academy of Arts . [4]
Na 2019, Bowling bụ isiokwu nke nnukwu ihe ịga nke ọma na Tate Britain na, na 2022, mepere nnukwu ihe ngosi ọrụ mere site na 1966 ruo 1975 na Museum of Fine Arts Boston . [5] A na-anọchi anya ya na nchịkọta mba ụwa karịrị iri ise, gụnyere Museum of Modern Art (New York), Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York), Tate Britain (London) na Royal Academy of Arts (London).
Bowling gụrụ akwụkwọ na Regent Street Polytechnic, Chelsea School of Art [6] na, emesia, Obodo na Guilds nke London Art School . Na 1959, e nyere ya akwụkwọ mmụta na Royal College of Art, ebe ọ sonyere ụmụ akwụkwọ ibe ya David Hockney, RB Kitaj, Derek Boshier na Patrick Caulfield .
A mụrụ Bowling na 26 February 1934 na Bartica, British Guiana, [7] nye Richard Bowling na nwunye ya, Agatha. [4]
N'afọ 1940, nna Bowling kpọgara ezinụlọ ya na New Amsterdam ka ọ were ọkwa ya dị ka onye na-akwụ ụgwọ ego na onye na-akwụ ụgwọ na ndị uwe ojii mpaghara. [7] Nne Bowling bụ ezigbo onye na-akwa akwa, onye na-eji ejiji na igwe igwe; ọ mepụtara azụmahịa na-aga nke ọma site na ọkọ wee wuo nnukwu ụlọ nwere okpukpu atọ nke nwere akwụkwọ ozi nwere obi ike nke kpọsara: "Ụlọ ahịa dị iche iche nke Bowling". [1]
Na May 1953, mgbe ọ dị afọ 19, Bowling kwagara Britain, [8] ebe ya na nwanne nna ya bi na London wee debanye aha na Westminster College of Commerce ka ọ mụọ Bekee.
Mgbe ọrụ mba na Royal Air Force gasịrị, Bowling zutere onye na-ese ihe na onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ Keith Critchlow n'ọdịnihu. N'ịbụ onye Critchlow nwere mmetụta, Bowling gara n'ihu na-amụ nkà, n'agbanyeghị ọchịchọ mbụ ịbụ onye na-ede uri na onye edemede. Ọ nọrọ n'ụlọ nne na nna ya na Redcliffe Gardens, Chelsea, bụ ebe Critchlow na-ese ya, ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na Chelsea School of Art . [6]
Na 1959, Bowling meriri scholarships na London 's Royal College of Art, [9] ebe ụmụ akwụkwọ ibe ya gụnyere ndị nka dịka David Hockney, [10] Derek Boshier, Allen Jones, RB Kitaj na Peter Phillips . Na mmalite nke ọmụmụ ya n'ebe ahụ, Bowling lekwasịrị anya na eserese - ka-ndụ nke karama, anụmanụ, anụ na ihe osise eserese. Eserese isi atụrụ ya, nke emere n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ nke 1960, bụ usoro apịtị, ọrụ siri ike na-echetara Giorgio Morandi na palette agba ya dara ogbi. Usoro eserese ọzọ emepụtara na 1960, akpọrọ Ndị na-eme egwuregwu, bụ agba chromatic doro anya na ihe mejupụtara asymmetrical.
Bowling gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Royal College of Art na 1962. [11]
Ọrụ nka nke Bowling malitere site na ihe ngosi azụmahịa mbụ ya, Image in Revolt, na Grabowski Gallery na Chelsea, London, na October 1962.
N'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ 1963, Bowling amalitela ịkụzi eserese na Camberwell School of Art na London. N'ebe ahụ, site n'enyemaka nke ngalaba na-ahụ maka textiles, ọ chịkọbara mkpọkọ iberibe akwa akwa ndị e ji ihe na-acha uhie uhie ma ọ bụ akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ bipụta ihe oyiyi nke enyo nke nne ya. Ihe osise mbụ nke etinyere ihe onyonyo a bụ Cover Girl (1966). Aha aha a na-ezo aka na nwa agbọghọ nwere uwe Mary Quant na ntutu isi Vidal Sassoon, ihe onyonyo ewepụtara na mkpuchi nke mgbakwunye agba agba nke March 1966.
Ihe osise mara mma nke akụkụ mbụ nke ọrụ Frank Bowling bụ Mirror (1964–66), njedebe nke afọ mmepe na London. Na eserese a, Bowling pụtara ugboro abụọ: n'elu steepụ okirikiri sitere na ụlọ akwụkwọ eserese Royal College of Art, na n'ụkwụ nke steepụ, ihe atụ maka mgbanwe na mpụta. N'etiti ihe oyiyi Paddy Kitchen dị.
Site na gburugburu 1967 ruo 1971, obere oge ka ọ bịarutere New York, Bowling mere otu ọrụ nke a maara ugbu a dị ka eserese eserese. Maka Bowling, ihe eserese eserese a rụrụ ma dị ka isiokwu na-akpali akpali yana dị ka ngwaọrụ iji hazie ụgbọ elu foto ọgbara ọhụrụ. Bowling họpụtara ka ọ weta atọ n'ime akwa akwa ndị a nwere oke nha - Marcia H Travels (1970), Texas Louise (1971), na Australia ruo Africa (1971) - yana ọrụ abụọ pere mpe, Polish Rebecca (1971) na iso Robert Hughes njem ( 1969-70), na ihe ngosi ngosi ngosi ihe ngosi nke mbụ ya, emere na Whitney Museum of American Art site na 4 Nọvemba ruo 6 Disemba 1971. [12]
N'afọ 1974, Bowling rụrụ ikpo okwu osisi a na-ebugharị ebugharị, nke a na-atụgharị dị ka seesaw, nke mere na enwere ike ịwụsa agba n'elu akwa akwa a na-agbatịghị agbatị n'elu ala gbadoro ụkwụ. Amara dị ka eserese ndị a wụsara, e ji mara ha bụ usoro ziri ezi, akụkụ akụkụ anọ, linearity of cascading wụsara agba na akụkụ mkpuchi. Nchikota nke ohere na usoro ziri ezi rụpụtara ọrụ ndị na-ebute usoro na-ekekọrịta mmekọrịta na ogologo ahịrị nke eserese nkịtị. Eserese ndị a wụsara bụ isiokwu nke ihe ngosi na Tate Britain na 2012. [13] [14]
Ka ọ na-erule mmalite 1980s, eserese ndị gbara agba, gbachie na ndị na-asọpụta, na-ejikarị nnukwu gel, bụ akụkụ dị ịrịba ama nke ihe osise Bowling. Oge mgbanwe rutere n'oge okpomọkụ nke 1984, mgbe ọ bịarutere na Skowhegan School of Painting and Sculpture na Maine maka ebe obibi onye nkuzi-onye na-ese ihe. Ngwa ngwa, ọ malitere itinye ọtụtụ ihe n'ime ihe osise ya dị ka akwụkwọ akụkọ, rọba na ụfụfụ. N'afọ 1986, Bowling gosipụtara otu nnukwu eserese ọhụrụ na Serpentine Gallery na London, nke Ronald Alley chepụtara, mgbe ahụ, onye na-elekọta Art Modern na Tate Gallery. [15] Otu n'ime ọrụ ndị a gosipụtara bụ Wintergreens (1986), ugbu a na mkpokọta Royal Academy. Otu afọ mgbe ihe ngosi ahụ gasịrị na Serpentine Gallery, isi ọrụ sitere n'otu afọ ahụ, Spreadout Ron Kitaj (1986), nwetara site na Tate. Nakwa na 1987, Bowling kere Philoctete's Bow, ọrụ e ji mara mgbagwoju anya, ihe ndị a na-edepụta ihe, nke bụ ihe mgbakwunye na ihe nchịkọta dị ka (gụnyere stitching, patching na gluing iberibe n'elu).
Ka ọ na-erule njedebe nke 1980s, Bowling mere ihe osise Great Thames ya (1989), na-asọpụrụ nnukwu ndị na-ese ihe nkiri odida obodo Bekee JMW Turner na Thomas Gainsborough . Nke a bụkwa oge Bowling malitere ịrụ ọkpụkpụ. Ihe ọkpụkpụ asaa rụpụtara. Maka ihe ngosi 1988 na Royal West of England Academy (RWA) na Bristol, o mere otu ihe ọkpụkpụ ọzọ na galvanized ígwè .
N'afọ 2009, Bowling mepụtara usoro eserese "zippers" kwụ ọtọ na kwụ ọtọ, gụnyere Epps, Litchfield na Chance Chinese (niile 2009), na-atụ aro elu igwe ogologo ma ọ bụ ogologo oge. Na 2011, Bowling gosipụtara ọrụ ọhụrụ a maara dị ka Crossings na ROLLO Contemporary Art na London. N'ime ihe osise ndị a, a na-ebufe eriri agba n'etiti akwa akwa ahụ na-emepụta njupụta nke agba dị iche. [16] Ịgafe: Snakeheadpassage (2011) na Crossing: Liberty (2011) bụ ihe atụ abụọ a.
Enwere ike ịhụ ọrụ Bowling n'ihe karịrị ụlọ ọrụ ọha mba ụwa 50, gụnyere: