Herbert Gentry
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| Faịlụ:Herbert Gentry.png | |
| A mụrụ ya | July 17, 1919 Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, U.S.
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| Nwụrụ | Septemba 8, 2003 |
| Mba | Nwa amaala US |
| Ọrụ (s) | Onye na-ese ihe |
Herbert Alexander Gentry (July 17, 1919 - September 8, 2003) [1] bụ onye na-ese ihe na-eme ihe nkiri nke Africa-America nke biri ma rụọ ọrụ na Paris, France (1946-70; 1976-80), Copenhagen, Denmark (1958-63), n'obodo ndị Sweden nke Gothenburg (1963-65), Stockholm (1965-76; 2001-03), na Malmö (1980-2001), na New York City (1970-2000) dị ka onye bi na Hotel Chelsea.
Eserese Gentry na-ejikọta ihu na ihe mkpuchi, na-atụgharị nghazi nke ọnụ ọgụgụ na isi-mmadụ na anụmanụ-n'ime profaịlụ, n'aka ekpe, n'aka nri, n'elu na n'okpuru.[1] Ntuziaka nke isi, dị ka ihu ma ọ bụ profaịlụ, na-eduga aka nri ma ọ bụ aka ekpe, ma ọ bụ na-eche ihu n'ihu, na-egwuri egwu megide ọnụ ọgụgụ isi nke isi ọ bụla, ọnọdụ ya na kwaaji, na mmekọrịta ya na ndị ọzọ.
Ihu ndị ahụ na-akpalite okwu aghụghọ na ọnọdụ. Kama iji onyonyo gosi akụkọ pụtara ìhè, Gentry weputara ahụmịhe ya n'elu kwaaji. Omume nke eserese na-akpaghị aka na-eji nsụhọ n'onwe ya, na eserese ọ bụla na-egosipụta onwe ya. Mgbe a jụrụ ya gbasara mmetụta ndị na-emetụta ya kpọmkwem, ọ na-ezere itinye nkọwa mpụga na ahụmịhe mbụ, na-akọwa kama usoro okike ya.[2]
N'ihe gbasara nkà ihe ọmụma, Gentry na-eku ume n'ime ngosipụta onwe onye.[3] "A na-ejikọta ụda staccato nke jazz na ụdị Biomorphic na ihe osise nke na-adịghị adị kpamkpam ma na-ejide foto na ọdịnala Cubist, "ka Ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme Peter Selz (1994) dere banyere ọrụ Gentry.[4] Gentry na-emepụta ihe mgbochi maka mmetụta na mmetụta uche, ma na-ahazi ihe oyiyi ya na mkparịta ụka na ngwa ngwa nke mmegharị ahụ. Romare Bearden (1981) dere na "usoro Gentry bụ echiche kama ịbụ eziokwu. Otu mmetụta na chromatic emotionalism, na n'ụdị biomorphic nke ihe osise ndị na-apụta mgbe niile na ihe osise Gentry, ike nke amaghị ihe".[5]
A mụrụ Herbert Alexander Gentry na Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, na July 17, 1919. Ọ bụ nwa James Jentry nke Madison Courthouse, Virginia, na Violet Howden nke Kingston, Jamaica. Ka ọ na-erule 1924 Gentry bi na Harlem, New York City, ha na nne ya na ezinụlọ ya.
Harlem Renaissance nyere ndabere maka nwata Gentry. Nne ya rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-agba egwú na onye na-eme ihe nkiri. Ndị na-ese ihe, ndị na-eti egwu na ndị na-agba egwú na-eleta ụlọ ya ugboro ugboro.[6] N'okpuru aha Teresa Gentry, ya na Josephine Baker na Bessye Buchanen gbara egwu. Mgbe e mesịrị, ọ nọ n'ime ndị na-eme ihe nkiri nke mbụ nke Ziegfeld musical Show Boat na 1927, yana mweghachi ya na 1932. Ndị enyi nne ya gụnyere Langston Hughes, Paul Robeson na Duke Ellington.
Dị ka onye na-eto eto Gentry nwere òkè na egwuregwu Scarlet Sister Mary, bụ onye ya na onye na-eme ihe nkiri Ethel Barrymore gagharịa na obodo ahụ wee mepee na Broadway na 1931.[1] Gentry nwetara ume sitere n'aka ndị na-ese ihe, ndị na-egwu egwu, ndị edemede, ndị na-agba egwú, na ndị na-eme ihe nkiri, bụ ndị niile kwadoro nkwenye ya na ụwa okike nke dị n'ofe Harlem.
Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na ụlọ akwụkwọ ọha na eze nke New York City, Gentry gara Cooper Junior High na George Washington High School. Ọ gara n'ihu na-ese ihe n'ụlọ akwụkwọ wee mụọ ihe osise na Harlem YMCA ma mesịa mụọ ihe nkiri dị ka akụkụ nke Federal Art Project nke WPA (Works Progress Administration) na Roosevelt High School.
Na 1939, ndị ndu Harlem ngagharị iwe megide ịkpa oke ọrụ ka ekwuru na etinyere ma e wezụga Rev. Adam Clayton Powell Jr.[1] Nwanne nne Gentry tọrọ Arnold P. Johnson. Onye na-eme ngagharị iwe Gentry, bụ onye na-agụ azụmaahịa na Mahadum New York, ka a na-ekwu na ọ bụ Consolidated Edison New York onye ọrụ ojii mbụ n'ọkwa na-acha ọcha ma kwenye na ndị isi ụlọ ọrụ gwara ya na, "Ọ bụrụ na ị na-eme nke ọma, anyị ga-ewe ndị ọzọ n'ọrụ. "[7]
Ọ rụrụ ọrụ na Ndị agha US (1942-45), na-eje ozi na 90th Coast Guard Artillery / Anti-Aircraft Regiment na-arụ ọrụ na Special Services. Ọrụ ndị agha US ya na Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ kpọgara ya mba dị iche iche na Mediterenian na Northern Europe: Morocco, Algeria, Madeline Island (Ịtali), Corsica, Marseilles, Paris, Alsace-Lorraine (France), na Salzburg (Austria). Na ngwụcha agha ahụ, Gentry nọ na Crepy-en-Vallois nke dị na Paris. O jiri ohere ọ bụla gaa Paris.[8]
Ebe etiti nke Art World tupu Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ, Paris ka nwere aha ahụ na 1946. Paris metụrụ ihe ncheta ndị ọzọ maka onye agha Gentry, onye mgbe ọ bụ nwata nụrụ ọtụtụ ndị enyi nne ya na-ekwu maka njem na arụmọrụ ha na Paris. N'ụlọ ya na Harlem mgbe a tọhapụrụ ya na ndị agha, ọ chọrọ ịmụ nka na Paris. N'echeghị ka a hazie nchịkwa nke GI Bill na Paris, ma dọọ aka ná ntị na a ka na-enye ihe ntụrụndụ ndị bụ isi, Gentry rutere maka oge agụmakwụkwọ nke ọdịda 1946.
Gentry so na otu mbụ nke GI. Ụmụ akwụkwọ Bill bịarutere Paris na 1946. N'ime afọ mbụ ya, o nwere ụlọ obibi na Cité Universitaire, ma mesịa kwaga n'obere ọnụ ụlọ na họtel Montparnasse. N'akụkụ ihe ọmụmụ ịse na eserese, Gentry jisiri ike mechaa nkuzi mmepeanya. Herbert Gentry. eweghachiri 3 Mee 2023.
N'afọ mbụ ya na Paris, Gentry biri na American House na Cité Internationale Universitaire de Paris, ebe ọ zutere ụmụ akwụkwọ America ibe ya: onye na-ese ihe Kosta Alex, onye na-akpọ piano Julian Ketcham, na ndị edemede Marc Behm na Dan Kurzman. N'ịgafe ụmụ akwụkwọ, ọ choro onye edemede Richard Wright, onye gbara ya ume na nka ya; ọ matara onye edemede James Baldwin.
Gentry gụrụ French na Alliance Française, ma debanye aha ya na Ecole des Hautes Etudes Sociales. Académie de la Grande Chaumière nwere ụzọ nkuzi nka dabara na mkpa ya maka nnwere onwe. Ọ nọrọ afọ atọ mụọ Ossip Zadkine na onye na-ese ihe France bụ Yves Brayer. Ka ọ na-erule 1949 Gentry nọ na-akụziri ndị na-eleta ndị America na Académie de la Grande Chaumière ma nwee ihe ngosi mbụ nke Parisian na Galerie de Seine.
Gentry biri ndụ na Montparnasse, na-ezute ndị America ibe ya na Le Dôme Café, Le Select café na La Coupole: ndị na-ese ihe Shinkichi Tajiri, Kosta Alex, na Harold Cousins, ndị na-eme ihe nkiri Herbie Katzman, John Hultberg, Burt Hasen, Haywood "Bill" Rivers, Sam Francis, Avel DeKnight, na onye na-ese fim Carmen D'Avino; dị ka ndị bụbu ndị isi na ndị Gris, ụmụ akwụkwọ na ndị na-eto eto na-ese egwu, ha na-eme egwuregwu dị ka ndị dị ka Alberto Braetti. E nwere ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ, gụnyere Jimmy "Loverman" Davis, Romare Bearden, Serge Charchoune, George Spaventa, Corneille, Wifredo Lam, na Jean Cocteau.
N'agbata 1948 na 1951, Gentry meghere Chez Honey, ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ na Montparnasse, ebe ngosi n'ehihie na ụlọ jazz n'abalị. N'igosi nwunye mbụ ya, Tadea Werfelman, nke a maara dị ka Honey Johnson, onye na-agụ egwú nke bịara Europe na Rex Stewart's Band, a maara ụlọ ọrụ ahụ dị ka ebe a na-anụ jazz nke oge a. Pete Matz soro na piano, dị ka Dick Allen, Art Simmons na Don Byas ga-emeỤlọ ọgbakọ ahụ dọtara ìgwè mmadụ mba ụwa. Ndị ahịa gụnyere Jean-Paul Sartre, Simone de Beauvoir, Juliette Gréco, Eartha Kitt, Orson Welles, Jean-Louis Barrault, na Marcel Marceau. Onye na-ese ihe bụ Larry Rivers, bụ́ onye bịarutere na 1950, na ndị ọkachamara na-agụ egwú juru.
N'ọnwa Nọvemba afọ 1951, Gentry gara New York. Ka e mesịrị, na 1953 ọ laghachiri Paris n'otu ụgbọ mmiri ahụ dị ka ndị na-ese ihe abụọ ga-aghọ ndị enyi dị mkpa: Beauford Delaney na Larry Potter. Enweghịzi GI Bill, Gentry nwetara ọrụ na klọb jazz nke Paris; ka ọ na-erule 1955 ọ na-ahazi ihe ngosi ntụrụndụ maka ndị agha Allied na American Armed Forces na France na Germany. Ọ zutere ọtụtụ ndị egwu America na ndị na-agba egwú, gụnyere Mary Lou Williams, Maya Angelou, na ndị ọzọ na Paris dị ka Art Buchwald na Moune de Rivel (fr) . Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na nzuzo na onye na-ese ihe Georges Braque. Ọ na-arụsi ọrụ ike na ndụ ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ Paris, ya na Larry Potter gbakọtara na ndị edemede Africa-America Chester Himes, Ollie Harrington, n'etiti ndị ọzọ na Café Tournon; Gentry na ndị na-ese ihe nkiri na ụlọ oriri na nkwari Le Select na La Coupole na Montparnasse, ebe ọ zutere ndị Dutch, Belgian na ndị na Scandinavian na-ese foto nke COBRA-otu: Ejler Bille, Robert Jacobsen, Karel Appeal Appel, Carl-Henning Pedersen, Bram Bogart, na Guillaume Cornelis van Beverloo (aka Corneille). Gentry nabatara ohere igosi na Galerie Hybler na Copenhagen na 1959, wee kwaga Copenhagen iji kwadebe.[8]
Copenhagen bụ isi obodo jazz dị mkpa na Europe, ma kwado obodo ndị Africa na America nke ndị na-eti egwu na ndị na-ese ihe. Mgbe ihe ngosi nke onwe ya gara nke ọma na Galerie Hybler, Gentry nọgidere na Copenhagen iji kwadebe maka usoro ihe ngosi nkeonwe na Northern Europe, na Denmark, Sweden, Switzerland, na Netherlands. N'oge na-adịghị anya, ọ na-egosi ihe osise na gallery gafee Northern Europe. Mgbe ọ na-ejikọta ihe osise Gentry na nka nke COBRA, ndị nkatọ Danish Jen Jorgen Thorsen na Uffe Harder kwupụtara ọrụ ya n'ụzọ doro anya nke America.
N'ime afọ ise sochirinụ, Gentry nwere ihe ngosi onwe ya na Galerie Suzanne Bollag, Zurich, 1959; Galerie Die Insel, Hamburg, 1960; Kunstudstillningsbygning, Odense, DK, 1960; Galerie Aestetica, Stockholm, SE, 1960; Galerie Perron, Geneva, 1961; Galerie Passpartout, Copenhagen, 1961, 1963; Galerie Leger, Malmö, 1962; Galerie Rudolph Meier, Davos, 1962. A kpọrọ ya ka o gosi ihe ngosi na Den Frie, Copenhagen, na 1960 ya na otu 6 + 2; na 1964 na Den Frie Gentry gụnyere na "10 American Negro Artists" na Harvey Cropper, Beauford Delaney, Clifford Jackson, Sam Middleton, Larry Potter, Walter Williams, na ndị ọzọ.
Gentry kwagara Gothenburg, Sweden na 1963, ma kwaga Stockholm na 1965. Na Sweden, ya na ndị na-ese ihe Torsten Rehnqvist na Willy Gordon, na ndị na'ese ihe Bengt Lindström, na Gösta Werner ghọrọ enyi. Ihe ngosi dị mkpa nke onwe gụnyere Galerie Doktor Glas, Stockholm, 1967; Galerie Marya, Copenhagen, 1967; galerie Zodiaque, Brussels, 1967 na Vikingsborg Museum, Helsingborg, 1966.
Mgbe ọ na-ebi na Scandinavia, Gentry debere ụlọ ihe nkiri na Paris site na 1980. Nraranye ya maka mmegharị ahụ mere ka Gentry dị iche na ọtụtụ ndị America ibe ya. Ọ gbasoro ihe nlereanya nke ndị na-ese ihe dị ka Cuban Surrealist Wifredo Lam, onye debere ụlọ ihe nkiri na ihe karịrị otu mba. Montparnasse dị na Paris nọgidere bụrụ ebe etiti maka ụwa nka Europe.
Na Stockholm na 1975 a kwanyeere Gentry ùgwù site na ihe ngosi na Royal Swedish Academy of Arts, nke gara Norrköpings Museum, na Amos Andersson Museum na Helsinki, Finland.[9]
E nyere Gentry ụlọ ọrụ na Cité internationale des arts na Paris ma rụọ ọrụ n'ebe ahụ afọ anọ. N'oge a, ọ nwalere, na-arụ ọrụ na acrylic na ákwà linin. Mgbe ọ na-agụ akwụkwọ na Paris, a zụrụ ya n'okpuru Georges Baroque ma chọta mmasị n'echiche nke oge a nke Cubism na Expressionism.[6] Ọ matara ndị otu CoBrA bụ ndị mere ka ọ mata echiche nke ime ihe n'onwe ya na echiche nke onye na-ese ihe dị ka onye na-emekọrịta ihe.[6] Ọ ghọrọ enyi ọtụtụ ndị na-ese ihe ọ zutere na Cité: Mordecai Ardon, Gerald Jackson, Francisca Lindberg, Christine O'Loughlin, Vicente Pimentel, Mary Anne Rose, Grace Renzi, na Ulla Waller. O nwere ihe ngosi onwe ya na United States na Sweden: Randall Gallery, NYC, 1978; Fabien Carlsson Gallery, Gothenburg, Sweden, 1977; Montclair State College, Montclair, New Jersey, 1977.
N'afọ ndị sochirinụ, ọ rụrụ obere ọrụ na France ma nọrọ oge ka ukwuu na New York City. Ọ laghachiri Sweden wee guzobe ụlọ ọrụ ya na Malmö gafee Øresund site na Copenhagen. Ọ nwere mmasị na ọsọ ya dị nwayọ, ihu igwe dị nro na ọnọdụ dị nso na kọntinent ahụ. Ya na ndị enyi ochie nọ na Copenhagen jikọtara. Ọ kwadebere ihe osise na mbipụta maka ihe ngosi gallery na Sweden, yana na Copenhagen, Milan, Amsterdam, na obodo ndị ọzọ dị na kọntinent. Enyi na enyi ndị na-ese ihe site n'oge a gụnyere Uno Svensson na Olle Bonnier. N'agbata 1981 na 1993 o nwere ọtụtụ ihe ngosi solo na Europe na Scandinavia: Galerie Futura, Stockholm, 1993, 1989; Ragnarpers, Gärsnäs, SE, 1993; Falsterbo Konsthall, Falsterbo, SE, 1992; Lilla Galleriet, Helsingborg, SE, 1992, 1985; Gallerihuset, Copenhagen, DK, 1991; Ụlọ ihe ngosi Bülowska, Malmö, 1991, 1987; Osisi Altes Rathaus, Inzlingen (Basel), DE, 1990; Gooijer Fine Arts, Amsterdam, NE, 1985; Galleria del Naviglio, Milan, Italy, 1984; Biblioteca Comunale di Milano, Milan, 1984; Osisi Asbæk, Copenhagen, DK, 1983; Galerie Oscar, Stockholm, 1981.[9]
N'afọ 1971, onye nduzi nke Moderna Museet bụ Pontus Hulten tụrụ aro ka Chelsea Hotel bụrụ ebe obibi dị mma maka Gentry na ezinụlọ ya ka ha gaa otu ụlọ maka otu afọ na New York City. N'ịbụ onye onye onye njikwa họtel Stanley Bard nabatara, Gentry chọpụtara ọtụtụ ndị ọrụ ibe ya na-ese ihe si Paris na-ebi ma na-arụ ọrụ n'ebe ahụ. Ezigbo ihe, inwe ụlọ na New York mere ka Gentry nwee ike ịlaghachi ọtụtụ ugboro ma rụọ ọrụ na ụwa nka nke New York. O nwere ihe ngosi na Andre Zarre Gallery (New York), 1974 na Selma Burke Art Center, Carnegie Institute (Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania), 1972. Gentry ghọrọ "onye bi na Chelsea Hotel n'afọ 1982. Ọ maliteghachiri ọbụbụenyi nka ochie: Romare Bearden, Ed Clark, Bill Hutson, na Robert Blackburn, ma mee ndị ọhụrụ.
N'agbata afọ 1975 na 1995, ihe na-emegharị ihe mere Gentry ji emepụta ihe. Ọ na-eme njem na-aga n'ihu, na-eme njem ọtụtụ ugboro n'afọ. Ọ gara njem n'etiti New York na Paris (ma ọ bụ Sweden), ebe o guzobere aha nka na United States. N'ime oge a, o gosipụtara na Europe dị ka onye na-ese ihe America, mgbe ọ nọ na United States, e gosipụtara ya dị ka onye na-ese ihe n'Africa-American.
Malite na 1987, Gentry nwere ọtụtụ ihe ngosi otu onye na United States: Alitash Kebede Gallery, Los Angeles, California, 1987, 1994, 2004; Quick Art Center, St. Bonaventure University, Olean, New York, 1995; Stella Jones Gallery, New Orleans, Louisiana, 1998; Stella Jones Gallery، New Orleans, Louisiana, 1998; Molloy College, Rockville Centre, New York. 2000; na Macy Gallery, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York., 2000; Steve Turner Gallery, Beverly Hills, California, 2002; Parish Gallery, Georgetown, Washington D. O nwere ihe ngosi itoolu n'onwe ya na G. R. N"Namdi Gallery n'etiti afọ 1991 na 2008: na New York, 2003, 2008; na Chicago, Illinois, 1998, 2000, 2004; na Detroit, Michigan, 2003; na Birmingham, Michigan, 1991, 1996, 1999.
Ihe ngosi abụọ dị ịrịba ama - nke haziri ma gosipụta ya na Studio Museum na Harlem - bụ "Oké Osimiri Apart" na 1982, na "Explorations in the City of Light" (1996), nke gara Chicago Cultural Center, Milwaukee Museum of Art, Fort. Ihe ngosi nka dị mma na ihe ngosi nka nke New Orleans.
Ihe ngosi dị mkpa kemgbe ọnwụ onye na-ese ihe na 2003 gụnyere: "Herbert Gentry: Moved by Music," Wadsworth Atheneum, Amistad Center for Art and Culture, Hartford, Connecticut, 2006; "Herbert gentry: the Man the Magic the Master," James E. Lewis Museum na Morgan State University na Baltimore, Maryland, 2007; "Herert Gentry: the Men the Magic the Masters", Diggs Gallery, Winston-Salem State University, North Carolina, 2008; "Her Albert Gentry: Facing Other, Pennsylvania Rochester College, Special, Universal, Universal, Ross, Universal, University, Universal, Manchester, Universal, 2005; "Facing, Universal, Rhyschester, University, University, Rhys, Universal, New York"[9] Smithsonian American Art Museum nwere ihe ndị gụnyere, "Our City," L'Homme Vert," "Ici," Meeting Series "B": Our Lives, "Faces," na "La Rose.[10]
Ọrụ Gentry dị na nchịkọta nke Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York); American Art Museum na Hirshhorn Museum (Smithsonian [1], Washington, D.C.); Studio Museum na Harlem (New York), Masur Museum (Monroe, Louisiana); Wadsworth Atheneum Museum of Art na Amistad Center for Art and Culture (Hartford, Connecticut); Dayton Art Institute (Dayton, Ohio); na Brooklyn Museum (Brooklyn, New York). Na Europe na n'èzí, Moderna Museet (Stockholm, Sweden), Norrköpings Art Museum (Norrköping, Sweden), Stedelijk Museum (Amsterdam, Netherlands), National Gallery of Modern Art (New Delhi, India) na Bibliothèque Nationale de Paris (France), yana ọtụtụ nchịkọta onwe.
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<ref> tag; name "Herbert Gentry – RYAN LEE Gallery" defined multiple times with different content
Herbert Gentry (2023, May 3). Ụlọ ngosi Mary Ryan E nwetara ya na Mee 3, 2023, site na https://maryryangallery.com/artists/herbert-gentry/ Herbert Gentry. E nwetara ya na Mee 3, 2023, site na https://www.herbertgentry.com/ Herbert Gentry. Spanierman nke oge a. E nwetara ya na Mee 3, 2023, site na https://www.spaniermanmodern.com/artists/herbert-gentry