Khadija Marouazi

Khadija Marouazi (Arabic: خديجة مروازي; amuru 1961) bu onye Moroccan na-akwado ikike mmadu, ode akwukwo na onye nkuzi mahadum maka akwukwo. Otu n'ime ọtụtụ òtù na-ahụ maka ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ na Morocco, a makwaara ya maka akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ ya History of Ash, nke e dere na mbụ n'asụsụ Arabic ma bipụta ya na nsụgharị Bekee na 2023. Akụkọ akụkọ ifo a nke mmegide ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị n'oge a na-akpọ Years of Lead na Morocco na Ndị ọkà mmụta agụmagụ atụlewo ihe ndị na-akpasu iwe n’ahụ́ ndị mkpọrọ dị ka akụkụ nke akwụkwọ mkpọrọ ụmụ nwanyị Arab ndị ode akwụkwọ.

Ndụ na ọrụ

A mụrụ Marouazi na Marrakesh, Morocco, na 1961 ma biri na Rabat isi obodo Moroccan. Ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị malitere Moroccan Organisation for Human Rights (OMDH) na odeakwụkwọ ukwu nke otu ndị na-abụghị ndị gọọmentị Mediator for Study of Democracy and Human Rights (al-wasit min ajl al-dimuqratiya). Ọ bụkwa onye so na kọmitii sayensị maka akwụkwọ akụkọ Moroccan Dafatir al-sijjin (akwụkwọ ndetu ụlọ mkpọrọ) na Majallat dirasat huquq al-insan (Journal for Human Rights Studies). Ọzọkwa, Marouazi na-akụzi akwụkwọ na Department of Liberal Arts na Human Sciences na Ibn Tofail University na Kenitra.

N'afọ 2000, ndị na-ebipụta akwụkwọ akụkọ Afrique Orient bipụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ ya History of Ash (aha mbụ: سيرة الرماد, Sīrat al-ramād). Ọ bụ akụkọ ifo nke Marouazi banyere ihe a na-akpọ Afọ nke Ntọala, oge Mmegide ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na Morocco n'oge 1960s na ruo 1980s. Ọ bụ ndị isi, Mouline na Leila, bụ ndị a tụrụ mkpọrọ ma mekpọọ ọnụ maka ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ha, na-akọ akụkọ ahụ ma na-akọwa etu ha si gbalịa ịnakwere ihe omume ndị a mgbe a tọhapụrụ ha. Akụkọ ahụ na-agbanwe n'etiti akụkọ ifo gara aga na nke ugbu a, n'etiti ihe omume ndị mere Mouline na Leila n'ime ụlọ mkpọrọ na n'èzí, na-enye nkọwa nke mmekpa ahụ na ebubo nke usoro ikpe. Ọzọkwa, ndị na-ebipụta akwụkwọ dere, sị: "Mouline na Leila na-akọwa atụmatụ ha maka ịdị ndụ na iguzogide n'ụzọ doro anya, na-enwekarị nkọwa zuru ezu, ma na-enyocha ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ha na òtù ha na-etinye aka na ya. "^[1]

Nnakwere

Alexander E. Elinson, osote prọfesọ nke Arabic na onye isi nke mmemme Arabic na Hunter College nke Mahadum City nke New York, sụgharịrị Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Ash n'asụsụ Bekee. E tinyere akụkụ nke nsụgharị a na anthology nke ụmụ nwanyị Africa na-ede resistance: anthology of contemporary voices.^[2] N'isiokwu ya nke afọ 2009 maka akwụkwọ akụkọ Middle Eastern Literatures, Elinson tụlere usoro ịkọ akụkọ nke Marouazi na Abdellatif Laâbi na akwụkwọ akụkọ ya Le chemin des ordalies (Ụzọ nke Ordeals), na-akpọ ọrụ ha onyinye edemede "n'akụkọ nwere ọtụtụ olu nke ime udo na oge gara aga, [...] na-atụ aro ụzọ isi gaa n'ihu" ^[3]

Mgbe e bipụtara ya n'asụsụ Bekee na 2023, e depụtara History of Ash maka onyinye edemede EBRD nke 2024. A na-enye ihe nrite a kwa afọ iji mee ka "ọgaranya akwụkwọ" nke mpaghara ọrụ ya dị iche, nke gụnyere ihe dị ka mba 40 gafee Europe, Eshia na Africa. Onye edemede na onye ntụgharị na-ekere òkè na ihe nrite ahụ, mba ndị so na European Bank of Reconstruction and Development na-enye ego maka ihe nrite nke ruru € 20,000, na mmekorita ya na British Council.^[4]

A họpụtakwara akwụkwọ akụkọ Marouazi dị ka otu n'ime akwụkwọ 10 kachasị mma site n'aka ndị edemede Arab nke 2023 site na ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi New Arab, na-ede na akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ "na-ekwughachi eziokwu nke oge a". ^[5] N'ihu, akwụkwọ Akwụkwọ Brittle họọrọ History of Ash dị ka otu na 100 Notable African Books nke 2023.^[6]

Akwụkwọ ndị ọzọ Moroccan nke Prison Literature

Ọrụ Moroccan ndị ọzọ nke akụkọ ifo na ndị na-abụghị akụkọ ifo banyere Afọ nke Lead na ụlọ mkpọrọ nzuzo Tazmamart bụ Fatna El Bouih's Talk of Darkness, Malika Oufkir na Michèle Fitoussi's Stolen Lives: Twenty Years in a Desert Jail, Mohamed Raiss's From Skhirat to Tazmamard: A Roundtrip Ticket to Hell, Ahmed Marzouki's Tazmamarte: Cell Number 10 na Aziz Binebine's Taxmamart - Eighteen Years in Morocco's Secret Prison. ^[7]

Oge a nke ọchịchị nke Eze Hassan nke Abụọ nke Morocco, site n'ihe dị ka afọ 1960 ruo n'afọ 1980, bụ nke ime ihe ike na mmegide megide ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na ndị na-akwado ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya mara.^[8] Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Ash na ọrụ ndị ọzọ gbasara ndị mkpọrọ nọ na North Africa, gụnyere Nawal El Saadawi's Memoirs from the Women's Prison na Salwa Bakr's The Golden Chariot, ndị ọkà mmụta na-ede akwụkwọ atụlewo ya dị ka ihe atụ nke akwụkwọ ndị Arab na-ede ihe n'ụlọ mkpọrọ.^[9][10][3]

Akwụkwọ ndị a họọrọ

Akụkọ ifo

• 20-Febụwarị, mgbalị ide ihe. 2015. (N'ihe gbasara ngagharị iwe na Morocco na-esote 20th February 2011, na French). ^[11]
• na onye ogbugbo maka ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya na ikike mmadụ. 2009. Nnyocha nke Akụkọ "ụlọ ikpe ziri ezi na ime udo": Nnyocha Maka Ọdịnihu. (Nnyocha nke akụkọ banyere Equity and Reconciliation Commission, na French) ^[12]
• "Nkwado Ụmụ Mmadụ: Black-Out na Tindouf". 2015. Na Zamane: Morocco nke oge gara aga na nke taa. nke 53, peeji nke 56-57. (Akụkọ banyere ikike mmadụ nke ndị Sahrawi gbara ọsọ ndụ na Tindouf, Algeria, na French)

Hụkwa

• Akwụkwọ Moroccan - narị afọ nke 20

Ịgụ ihe ọzọ

• Amine. "After the 'Years of Lead' in Morocco: Performing the Memory". New Theatre Quarterly. 
• Hernandez (2010). African Women Writing Resistance: An Anthology of Contemporary Voices (in en). Univ of Wisconsin Press, 220. ISBN 978-0-299-23663-2. 
• Slyomovics (2005). The Performance of Human Rights in Morocco (in en). University of Pennsylvania Press, 233. ISBN 978-0-8122-1904-3. 
• Booth (1987). "Women's Prison Memoirs in Egypt and Elsewhere: Prison, Gender, Praxis". MERIP Middle East Report (149): 35–41. DOI:10.2307/3012066. ISSN 0888-0328. 

Ihe odide

1. 'History of Ash,' Translated by CUNY Professor Alexander Elinson Is Out. www.gc.cuny.edu/ (2024-03-10). Retrieved on 2024-04-02.
2. Review: Jennifer Browdy de Hernandez, Pauline Dongala, Omotayo Jolaosho and Anne Serafin (eds.), African Women Writing Resistance: An Anthology of Contemporary Voices (2010) | WorldCat.org (de). search.worldcat.org. Retrieved on 2024-04-02.
3. Elinson (2009). "Opening the Circle: Storyteller and Audience in Moroccan Prison Literature" (in en). Middle Eastern Literatures 12 (3): 289–303. DOI:10.1080/14752620903302376. ISSN 1475-262X.  Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":0" defined multiple times with different content
4. EBRD Literature Prize overview. ebrd.com. Retrieved on 2021-03-17.
5. Bokth (2023-12-27). The best books by Arab authors in 2023 (en). www.newarab.com/. Retrieved on 2024-03-31.
6. 100 Notable African Books of 2023. brittlepaper.com. Retrieved on 2024-04-01.
7. Recovering "Moroccan Other-Archives": Reading Literature as a Space for Memory-Making (en-US). ArabLit & ArabLit Quarterly (2023-09-06). Retrieved on 2024-03-31.
8. Morocco's Truth Commission: Honoring Past Victims during an Uncertain Present: V. Constraints on the ERC. www.hrw.org. Retrieved on 2024-03-31.
9. Writing Their Way Out: 16 Prison Narratives by Arab Women (en-US). ArabLit & ArabLit Quarterly (2023-08-18). Retrieved on 2024-03-31.
10. Kamel (2015-12-30). Arab Prison Literature (en-US). Ibn Rushd Fund Website. Retrieved on 2024-03-31.
11. Les politiques n'ont pas répondu aux revendications du 20-février (fr). Telquel.ma (2015-03-02). Retrieved on 2024-03-31.
12. Droits humains : black-out à Tindouf | WorldCat.org (de). search.worldcat.org. Retrieved on 2024-04-02.