MV Ọwụwa anyanwụ Arctic

MV Ọwụwa anyanwụ Arctic
icebreaker, research vessel
aha njirimaraPolarbjørn, MV Arctic Sunrise Dezie
aha gọọmentiArctic Sunrise Dezie
A gụrụ ahapolar bear, Arktik, sunrise Dezie
Nwe yaGreenpeace, GC Rieber Shipping Dezie
Onye ọrụGreenpeace Dezie
Onye mmepụtaVaagen Verft Dezie
service entry1975 Dezie
Ụlọ ọdụ ụgbọ mmiriAmsterdam Dezie
ọdụ ụgbọ mmiriAmsterdam Dezie
country of registryNetherlands Dezie
call signPE6851 Dezie
nọmba yard39 Dezie

Arctic Sunrise bụ ụgbọ mmiri ice siri ike nke Greenpeace na-arụ ọrụ. E wuru ụgbọ mmiri ahụ na Norway na 1975 ma nwee ngụkọta nke 949, ogologo nke 50.5 mita (166 ft) na ikike Ịgba ọsọ nke 13 knots (24 km/h; 15 mph). Det Norske Veritas kọwara ya dị ka "1A1 icebreaker" (nke abụọ kachasị elu na-eme ka ice sie ike n'oge a na-ewu ya).[1][2] Ụgbọ mmiri ahụ nwere otu injin diesel mmiri MaK.

N'okpuru aha mbụ nke Polarbjørn ("polar bear"), e ji ya mee ihe dị ka ụgbọ mmiri na-emechi. Gọọmentị France mechara jiri ụgbọ mmiri ahụ mee ihe. Greenpeace zụrụ ụgbọ mmiri ahụ na 1995.

Omume

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Arctic Sunrise etinyela aka na mkpọsa dị iche iche gụnyere mkpọsa mgbochi igbu whale na Southern Ocean. E debara aha ya n'akwụkwọ dị ka Motor Yacht (MY).

Na 21 Disemba 1999 Arctic Sunrise na Nisshin Maru, ụgbọ mmiri na-egbu whale nke Japan, zutere.[3][4] Otu ụgbọ mmiri ahụ zutere ọzọ na Jenụwarị 2006; ụgbọ mmiri abụọ ahụ kwuru na nke ọzọ kụrụ ha.[5] ICR weputara ihe nkiri vidio iji kwado mbipụta ya nke ihe merenụ. Greenpeace zaghachiri na ebili mmiri ndị sitere na Arctic Sunrise na vidiyo ahụ na-akwado arụmụka Greenpeace na ụgbọ mmiri ya nwere injin ya n'azụ; Greenpeace kwukwara na ebe igwe ojii dị n'azụ vidiyo ICR na-egosi na Nisshin Maru na-agbanye n'ụgbọ mmiri Greenpeace n'oge mgbagwoju anya.[5]

Na June 2006, gọọmentị St. Kitts na Nevis machibidoro Arctic Sunrise ịga nzukọ nke 58 nke International Whaling Commission na St. Kits na-ekwu maka nchegbu nchekwa mba.[6] A tụlere ngagharị iwe Greenpeace n'otu nzukọ IWC na ihe omume IWC/58/3, metụtara ngagharị iwe ha megide igbu whale nke Japan na Southern Ocean na Disemba 2005 / Jenụwarị 2006, n'oge ụgbọ mmiri na-egbu whale nke ndị Japan na ụgbọ mmiri Greenpeace zutere, na-akpata mkpebi a site na IWC.[7][8]

Na 30 Ọgọst 2007, Arctic Sunrise tinyere aka na ngagharị iwe megide Canadian laker Algomarine off nke Nanticoke, Ontario ebe ọ na-anwa iji ibu coal banye ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri maka ọdụ ọkụ.  Otu RHIB bịara n'akụkụ na ndị na-eme ihe nkiri na-ese ihe mkpuchi nke ọdọ mmiri na "Ọ dịghị Coal. Ọ dịghị Nuclear. Dị ọcha ike."  Ndị na-eme ihe ike abụọ banyere Algomarine wee kee onwe ha agbụ na ọganihu na-ebupụ onwe ha.  Onye na-eme ihe ike nke atọ kwụsịtụrụ onwe ya site na akwa mgbago nke Algomarine, na-akwụsị ya nke ọma.  A kpọrọ ndị ọrụ nchekwa osimiri Canada ka ha wepụ ndị ngagharị iwe ahụ.

Na mbido February 2007 ụgbọ mmiri ahụ nọ na Leith docks, na Edinburgh.  Na 23 February 2007, o sonyere na mgbochi nke Faslane Naval Base na ndị uwe ojii MoD mechara jide ya mana mgbe izu ole na ole ejiri jide ụgbọ ahụ ma na-ebuso ụgbọ mmiri ahụ tọhapụrụ.

Ihe mere n'afọ 2013

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Ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Arctic, 2013

Na Septemba 2013, Arctic Sunrise sonyere na ngagharị iwe Greenpeace megide ọrụ igwu mmanụ site na ụlọ ọrụ ike Russia Gazprom na mmanụ Prirazlomnaya na Pechora Sea. Greenpeace na-emegide igwu mmanụ na Arctic n'ihi na igwu mmanụ mebiri usoro okike nke Arctic, nakwa na enweghị atụmatụ nchekwa iji gbochie mpụga mmanụ. Na mbido n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2012, Greenpeace mere ngagharị iwe yiri nke ahụ megide otu mmanụ ahụ.[9] N'abalị iri na asatọ n'ọnwa Septemba, ndị ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri Arctic Sunrise gbara mmanụ Prirazlomnaya gburugburu, ebe ndị ọrụ atọ nwara ịbanye n'elu ikpo okwu ahụ. Na nzaghachi, ndị na-eche nche n'ụsọ oké osimiri nke Russia weghaara ụgbọ mmiri ahụ ma jide ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe.[10][11][12] E mechara jiri ụgbọ mmiri na-eche nche n'ụsọ oké osimiri dọrọ ụgbọ mmiri ahụ gaa n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri Russia Arctic nke Murmansk. Ndị ọrụ Arctic Sunrise nwere ndị otu 30 sitere na mba 16. Gọọmentị Rọshịa bu n'obi ibo ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe Greenpeace ebubo na ha na-apụnara mmadụ ihe, nke na-ebu ntaramahụhụ kachasị elu nke afọ iri na ise n'ụlọ mkpọrọ, ọ bụ ezie na Onye isi ala Rọshị Vladimir Putin kwuru na ndị na-ahụ maka ngagharị iwe bụ "ọ bụghị ndị ohi ụgbọ mmiri".[9] Putin kewapụrụ onwe ya n'okwu ikpe ahụ ma gosipụta na ụlọ ikpe Russia nwere onwe ya ga-aga n'ihu na nyocha ahụ. N'abalị iri abụọ na atọ n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2013, ndị Russia na-ekpe ikpe gbanwere ebubo ndị a na-ebo ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe, na-ewepụ ebubo ndị ohi ụgbọ mmiri ma na-ebo ha ebubo hooliganism. Ikpe nke hooliganism na Russia nwere ike ịkpata ụgwọ dị oke ọnụ na ihe ruru afọ asaa n'ụlọ mkpọrọ. Dị ka Phil Radford, onye isi nchịkwa nke Greenpeace na US n'oge ahụ, si kwuo, mmeghachi omume nke ndị nche mmiri na ụlọ ikpe Russia bụ "mmetụta kachasị ike Greenpeace zutere site na gọọmentị kemgbe bọmbụ nke Rainbow Warrior na 1985. "[13]

Netherlands rịọrọ International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea ka ọ nye Russia iwu ka ọ tọhapụ ụgbọ mmiri Greenpeace na ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe nọ n'ụgbọ ahụ.[14] Russia mechara gosipụta na ọ gaghị esonye n'ụlọ ikpe ahụ ebe ọ bụ na okwu ahụ bụ okwu nke iwu ime obodo Russia metụtara omume mpụ megide ihe onwunwe Russia. N'agbanyeghị na ọ pụtaghị, Ụlọikpe ahụ nyere usoro nwa oge na-ahapụ ndị ọrụ niile na ụgbọ mmiri ahụ na ụgwọ ego.[15][16][17]

Ndị na-eche nche n'ụsọ oké osimiri nke Russia banyere n'ụgbọ mmiri ahụ ma dọrọ kilomita 500 site n'Oké Osimiri Pechora gaa n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri dị n'ebe ugwu Russia nke Murmansk na Septemba 2013. A tọhapụrụ ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe iri atọ ahụ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ n'ihi mgbaghara na ememe ncheta afọ iri abụọ nke iwu Russia na-esote Soviet, mana ụgbọ mmiri ahụ nọgidere na ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri Russia na-echere mkpebi nke kọmitii nyocha Russia (IC) ruo June 2014.[18][19][20]

E nyere Russia iwu ka ọ kwụọ ụgwọ mmebi na 24 Ọgọstụ 2015 na Netherlands maka mmeri ya.[21] Ụlọikpe Na-adịgide adịgide nke Arbitration na The Hague kwuru na a ga-ekpebi ego mmebi ahụ n'oge na-adịghị anya.[21] N'abalị iri na asatọ n'ọnwa Julaị n'afọ 2017, ụlọ ikpe International Arbitration Tribunal dị na The Hague nyere iwu ka Russian Federation kwụọ Netherlands nde euro 5.4.[22]

Hụkwa

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  • Rainbow Warrior (1955), an older Greenpeace vessel that was sunk by French intelligence service in 1985
  • Rainbow Warrior (2011), the third Greenpeace vessel to carry the name
  • MV Esperanza, another ship operated by Greenpeace

Edensibia

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  1. ↑ "DNV Exchange - ARCTIC SUNRISE - Classification", Det Norske Veritas. Retrieved on 19 November 2013.
  2. ↑ "Det Norske Veritas statement", Greenpeace. Retrieved on 26 November 2013.
  3. ↑ Japan's Last Whaling Mother Ship May Cost Too Much to Replace.
  4. ↑ ICR : Greenpeace harassment - Arctic Sunrise rams the Nisshin....
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Greenpeace ship rammed by whalers. Greenpeace. Archived from the original on 15 December 2007. Retrieved on 19 February 2007.
  6. ↑ Sun St. Kitts.
  7. ↑ Resolution 2006-2.
  8. ↑ Greenpeace (Oceans). 8 January 2006.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Shaun Walker. "Russia to charge Greenpeace activists with piracy over oil rig protest", The Guardian, 24 September 2013. Retrieved on 25 September 2013.
  10. ↑ Greenpeace International responds to allegations from Russian authorities. Greenpeace International (22 September 2013). Retrieved on 25 September 2013.
  11. ↑ "Armed Russian guards storm Greenpeace vessel in Arctic", Channel NewsAsia, 25 September 2013. Retrieved on 25 September 2013.
  12. ↑ "Footage of the seizure", The Guardian, 8 November 2013. Retrieved on 10 November 2013.
  13. ↑ Lally. "U.S. Greenpeace captain jailed in Russia", The Washington Post. Retrieved on 2 October 2013.
  14. ↑ Netherlands asks sea law tribunal to order Russia to release Greenpeace ship and activists, Washington Post, 21 October 2013
  15. ↑ itlos.org: Case No. 22. itlos.org. Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved on 2023-08-16.
  16. ↑ Peiris (1 January 2015). "Arctic Sunrise from ITLOS: The Arctic Surprise and in Search of a Balanced Order". Ocean Yearbook Online 29 (1): 44–60. DOI:10.1163/22116001-02901004. 
  17. ↑ Elferink (9 June 2014). "The Arctic Sunrise Incident: A Multi-faceted Law of the Sea Case with a Human Rights Dimension". The International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 29 (2): 244–289. DOI:10.1163/15718085-12341318. 
  18. ↑ Russian amnesty to benefit Pussy Riot, Greenpeace 30. Reuters (19 December 2013).
  19. ↑ Russia parliament approves amnesty for prisoners. BBC (18 December 2013).
  20. ↑ Arctic 30: Russia releases Greenpeace ship, Russian authorities have released the Arctic Sunrise, which was involved in a high-profile protest against Arctic oil drilling The Guardian 6 June 2014
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 "Arctic Sunrise case: Russia ordered to pay damages", BBC News, 24 August 2015.
  22. ↑ "Tribunal in The Hague fined the Russian Federation for 5.4 million euros for the capture of the Greenpeace ship", FrontNews International, 18 July 2017. Retrieved on 8 October 2019.

Njikọ mpụga

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