Martha Matilda Harper

 

Martha Matilda Harper (September 10, 1857 - August 3, 1950) bụ onye ọchụnta ego America, onye ọchụrụnta ego, na onye mepụtara ihe nke malitere ire ere nke oge a wee wuo netwọk mba ụwa nke ụlọ ahịa ntutu isi 500 nke kwusiri ike nlekọta ntutu dị mma. A mụrụ ya na Canada, Nna ya zipụrụ Harper mgbe ọ dị afọ asaa ịrụ ọrụ dị ka ohu ụlọ. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ ahụ afọ iri abụọ na ise tupu ya echekwa ego zuru ezu iji malite ịrụ ọrụ oge niile na-emepụta tonic ntutu ọ chepụtara.[1] Ngwaahịa ahụ, na ịmepụta ụlọ ntutu pụrụ iche nke jiri ya mee ihe, nwere ihe ịga nke ọma. Harper malitere inye ụmụ nwanyị ndị na-enweghị ego ohere aha ụlọ ịwụ ahụ, na site na ọnụ ọgụgụ ya, ụlọ ọrụ ahụ gụnyere ihe karịrị franchises 500 na ahịrị ngwaahịa nlekọta ntutu niile.

Afọ ndị mbụ

A mụrụ Martha Matilda Harper na Oakville, Ontario, Canada, na Septemba 10, 1857. A na-arụ ụka mgbe ụfọdụ ụbọchị a mụrụ ya n'ihi na o jikwa afọ 1868 mee ihe mgbe ụfọdụ iji mee ka ọ dị obere. Otú ọ dị, a na-ekwu na ọ ṅụrụ iyi na nkwupụta na afọ a mụrụ ya n'ezie bụ 1857. ^[1] Nne na nna ya bụ Robert na Beadie Harper . ^[2] Ọ natara obere agụmakwụkwọ dị ka nwatakịrị. Nna Harper chụpụrụ ya mgbe ọ dị afọ asaa ka ọ bụrụ onye na-ejere ndị ikwu ya ozi na Orono, Ontario.^[1] Ọ rụrụ ọrụ n'ọrụ ahụ ruo afọ 22 tupu ọ kwaga United States ịrụ ọrụ dị ka odibo na New York">Rochester, New York. Onye ọrụ ikpeazụ ya na Canada, onye dọkịta, nyere ya ihe ọmụma ya banyere ahụike ntutu isi, ma nye ya usoro ntutu isi ya mgbe ọ nwụrụ. ^[3][4] Ọ mụtara ịkwanyere ụkpụrụ sayensị ùgwù site n'aka dọkịta nke baara ya uru mgbe ọ na-eme ntutu isi tonic.^[5] Mgbe ọ bụ odibo, Harper mepụtara ntutu isi nke ya mgbe ọ malitere ichegbu onwe ya na ngwaahịa ntutu dị n'ahịa na-emerụ ahụ karịa ihe ọma.^[6] Ọ chọtara ego zuru ezu iji malite imepụta ntutu isi oge niile, ma, mgbe ọ hapụrụ ọrụ ụlọ afọ afọ atọ mgbe ọ kwagara na United States, meghere ụlọ ntutu isi ọha na eze mbụ na mpaghara ahụ iji nyere aka na-ere ya.^[7] Ụlọ salon ya meghere na 1888 na Rochester site na iji ego ndụ ya nke $ 360. ^[8]

Ụlọ ọrụ

Ụlọ salon Harper, Ụlọ ntutu isi nke Harper,, na ọtụtụ n'ime ihe ọhụrụ ya na-eme ka echiche nke oge a nke ụlọ oriri na nkisi. Tupu Harper, ndị na-edozi ntutu na-eleta ụlọ.^[6] O jiri ntutu isi ya mee ihe n'onwe ya iji kpọsaa.^[3] Ntutu isi ya dị n'ala rụkwara ọrụ dị ka ngwá ọrụ ahịa dị irè ma pụta n'ọtụtụ mgbasa ozi maka ngwaahịa ya. Ọ goro ndị bụbu ndị ohu ọrụ ka ha na-arụ ụlọ ya.[1] Na 1891, na mkpali nke Bertha Palmer nke Palmer House ama ama, Harper ghọrọ onye mbụ malitere franchise retail ọgbara ọhụrụ, na-enye ohere ka ndị franchise meghe ụlọ nri n'okpuru aha Harper.[2] Akwụkwọ ikike izizi ya bụ na Buffalo, New York.[3] Palmer chọrọ ka Harper mepee ụlọ ntutu isi ya pụrụ iche na Chicago na 1893 n'oge maka ihe ngosi Columbian na Chicago, nke Harper mere.

Ụlọ salon ọ bụla bụ nke nwanyị nwe; ụlọ ahịa 100 mbụ gara naanị ụmụ nwanyị dara ogbenye dị ka Harper. Ọ zụrụ ndị franchisee ma nyochaa ụlọ ịsa ahụ ha iji hụ na ọ dị mma.^[6]

N'ịkwado ọrụ ndị ahịa na nkasi obi, Harper chepụtara oche ncha ntutu na-anọdụ ala, bụ nke ghọrọ ihe a na-ahụkarị nke ụlọ mposi n'ụwa nile.[1] Ụlọ ebe a na-asa nri na-enye ịhịa aka n'ahụ n'isi na nlekọta ụmụaka, ha na-enyekwa awa mgbede. Ngwaahịa ntutu ndị ụlọ ọrụ ya mepụtara bu n'obi ka ahụike karịa nke a na-enweta n'oge ahụ ma bụrụ nke a na-emepụta nke ukwuu site na ngwaahịa sitere n'okike. Ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ Harper anaghị ebu ihe eji esiji eme ihe ma ọ bụ mee perms kemịkal.

Ndị ahịa a ma ama

N'oge ọ na-aga nke ọma, ụlọ ọrụ ya nwere franchises 500 ma mepụta usoro zuru ezu nke nlekọta ntutu na ngwaahịa ịchọ mma. N'etiti ndị ahịa Harper bụ ndị eze Britain, Susan B. Anthony, Woodrow Wilson, Grace Coolidge, Joseph P. Kennedy, Rose Kennedy, Jacqueline Kennedy, George Bernard Shaw, na Ladybird Johnson. ^[6][8]

Ihe nketa ụlọ ọrụ

Ntutu Harper n'onwe ya bụ mgbasa ozi kachasị ukwuu maka ngwaahịa na ọrụ ya. Ihe oyiyi a, na ndị ọzọ n'ọnọdụ yiri ya, pụtara n'ọtụtụ mgbasa ozi mbụ ya.

Na 1920, mgbe ọ dị afọ 63, Harper lụrụ Robert McBain, onye isi ndị agha dị afọ 39.[1] Ha gbara ụlọ ọrụ ahụ ọnụ maka afọ 15 ruo mgbe Harper lara ezumike nká mgbe ọ dị afọ 78 wee nye McBain njikwa ụlọ ọrụ ahụ.^[9][10]

Harper Method Inc. arụwo ọrụ n'okpuru ndị nwe ya dị iche iche. Na June 1956, Robert McBain, di Harper, resịrị Earl Freese na Gerald Wunderlich ụlọ ọrụ ahụ, bụ ndị mere mgbalị atọ dị iche iche ire azụmahịa ahụ n'ime afọ 1960 na 70.^[11]

Na 1971, Robert Prentices, mgbe ahụ onye njikwa nke Harper n'ichepụta center na St. Catharine's, Ontario, zụtara ụlọ ọrụ akụ tinyere Harper n'ichepụta na nkesa ikike, renaming ụlọ ọrụ Niagara Mist Marketing Ltd, makwaara dị ka ncha Factory.

Na Machị 10, 1972, PEJ Beauty Corporation zụrụ akụ ndị ọzọ nke Harper Method Inc., ụlọ ọrụ enyemaka nke Wilfred Academy. N'oge ahụ, PEJ bụ otu n'ime ndị na-arụ ọrụ kachasị ukwuu n'ụlọ akwụkwọ azụmahịa na America. Dị ka Philip Jakeway, onye isi oche nke Wilfred Academy n'oge ahụ, si kwuo, ọ tụrụ anya ịgbasa ọrụ ya site na ire ngwaahịa na ụlọ ahịa Harper. E nwetara nkwekọrịta ebe Prentice ga-enye Jakeway ngwaahịa Harper maka nkesa US. Jakeway enweghị ihe ịga nke ọma."

Ụlọ ahịa aha aha Harper ikpeazụ na-arụ ọrụ na Rochester, New York, dị ka obodo kacha ochie na nke kachasị ogologo, ụlọ ahịa mma ruo mmalite 2000s. Ọ bụ otu nwanyị aha ya bụ Centa Sailer nke nwụrụ na 2014 nwere ya.[1] Ebe ụlọ nyocha mbụ Harper bụzi ụlọ nkwakọba ihe taya.^[12]

Ọnwụ na ihe nketa

Harper nwụrụ na Rochester, New York, na Ọgọst 3, 1950, otu ọnwa na-erughị ụbọchị ọmụmụ ya nke 93, di ya bụ Robert MacBain, onye nwụrụ n'April 30, 1965, mgbe ọ dị afọ 83.[1] N'oge ọnwụ ya, e nwere ihe karịrị ụlọ ahịa 350. Ebe ili ya dị na ili ozu Riverside, na Rochester, New York.[2] Akpọrọ ya na August 7, 1950, n'okpuru aha Martha H. McBain. Lot, Mba. NKE 427-J.

Ewezuga azụmahịa, Harper nwekwara mmasị isi nri, njem, na golf. Ọ bụ onye Christian Scientist na onye otu First Church of Christ, Scientist, Rochester, New York.^[4]

Ọ bụ onye otu Rochester Country Club na Oak Hill Country Club. Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na Mahadum Rochester maka klas ole na ole.^[2]

Na 2003, a kpọbatara Harper n'ime Ụlọ Nzukọ Ndị Inyom nke Mba na Ụlọ Nzukọ Azụmahịa America maka mmezu ya na azụmahịa.[1] A na-ewere ya dị ka ihe dị ịrịba ama maka inyere ndị ohu ndị ọzọ aka ibi ndụ America site n'ịnye ha ọrụ dị ka ndị ọrụ na ikwe ka ha ghọọ franchisees.^[13]

Edensibia

1. Martha Matilda Harper. rrlc.org. Archived from the original on 2018-06-23. Retrieved on 2021-07-11.
2. Martha Matilda Harper." Winning the Vote, Western New York Suffragist. rrlc.org. Archived from the original on 2018-06-23. Retrieved on 2017-11-29.
3. Parker. Martha Matilda Harper and the American Dream. University of Rochester.
4. Women of History: Martha Matilda Harper (June 2020).
5. Plitt (September 2012). Herper, Martha Matilda. American National Biography. Retrieved on 2017-11-29.
6. PBS. Marthe Matilda Harper: Retail Franchise Network. Who Made America. Retrieved on 2017-11-29.
7. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named hof
8. Seaton. "Martha Matilda Harper, the Greatest Businesswoman You've Never Heard Of", Atlas Obscura, 11 January 2017. Retrieved on 12 January 2017.
9. Who Made America? | Innovators | Martha Matilda Harper. www.pbs.org. Retrieved on 2021-07-11.
10. Martha Matilda Harper and the American Dream. Rochester Review • University of Rochester. Retrieved on 2021-07-11.
11. The House Servant Who Pioneered The Franchising Business Model (en-US). Senior Strong (2020-06-28). Retrieved on 2021-07-11.
12. RochesterSubway.com : Martha Matilda Harper – Innovator in Beauty and Business. Retrieved on 2021-07-11.
13. Enstad (December 2008). "Permanent Waves: The Making of the American Beauty Shop / Martha Matilda Harper and the American Dream: How One Woman Changed the Face of Modern Business". The Journal of American History 88 (3): 1131-1132. Templeeti:ProQuest.