Mycoforestry

Ụdị Amanita bụ ectomycorrhizal nwere ọtụtụ osisi.
Mycoforestry
obere ụdị nkeagroforestry Dezie
Akụkụ nkeforest management Dezie

Mycoforestry bụ usoro nchịkwa ọhịa nke etinyere iji melite usoro okike ọhịa na obodo osisi site na iwebata mycorrhizal na saprotrophic fungi. A na-ewere Mycoforestry dị ka ụdị permaculture[1] ma nwee ike itinye ya n'ọrụ dị ka akụkụ bara uru nke usoro agroforestry. Mycoforestry nwere ike ịkwalite ihe ọkụkụ osisi ma mepụta mushrooms a na-eri eri, ihe bara uru na akụ na ụba. Site na ijikọta njikọ osisi-fungal n'ime usoro nchịkwa ọhịa, enwere ike ichekwa ọhịa, enwere enwere ike ịmegharị ihe mkpofu osisi n'ime gburugburu ebe obibi, enwere ike ịbawanye njide carbon, a na-eme ka ebe nrụzigharị a kụrụ akụ dịkwuo mma, a na mmeziwanye nkwado nke gburugburu ebe obibi ọhịa.[2][3] Mycoforestry bụ ihe ọzọ na-eme na mkpocha, nke na-ewepụ osisi nwụrụ anwụ n'oké ọhịa, si otú a na-ebelata nnweta ihe oriri ma na-ebepụ omimi ala.[4]

Nhọrọ nke ụdị fungal

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Dị ka Paul Stamets si kwuo, ụkpụrụ mbụ maka ịmepụta usoro mycoforestry bụ iji ụdị fungal nke ala.  Itinye usoro nke osisi mycoforestry na-enye ikike nke imeziwanye mbọ mweghachi na ohere nke uru akụ na ụba site na ịkụ ero na iwe ihe ubi.  Otú ọ dị, iji jiri ahịhịa fungal eme ihe, nke mbụ, mmekọrịta dị n'etiti ụdị fungal dị ugbu a na mkpụrụ osisi uto, na ebe obibi kwesịrị ka a mụọ ya.

Ụzọ dị mfe iji webata usoro mycoforestry ma bulie ihe ọkụkụ maka ihe ọkụkụ na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ bụ "iji mycorrhizal spore inoculum mgbe ị na-akụ ala ọhịa ọzọ".[2] Maka usoro a, ọ kachasị mma iji jikọta osisi ndị a mụrụ na mycorrhizal fungi. Usoro a na-echekwa ma ga-akwalite ọrụ nke usoro okike, na ụdị dị iche iche nke ihe ndị dị ndụ.

A na-eche na n'ime usoro okike na-arụ ọrụ na netwọk mycelial dị n'okpuru ala na-adịgide ọbụna ma ọ bụrụ na ọ dịghị ihe na-amị mkpụrụ a na-ahụ anya.[5] Oge nke anwụrụ ọkụ na-apụ n'anya n'ebe ekwesịghị ịkpata egwu. Iji mee ka e nwee ihe na-amị mkpụrụ, ọtụtụ ụdị fungal chọrọ ọnọdụ gburugburu ebe obibi ụfọdụ. Ọtụtụ ụdị fungus anaghị amị mkpụrụ n'afọ niile.

Mycoforestry bụ ngalaba sayensị na-apụta na omume.[2] Ruo mgbe e mepụtara ma mezue usoro iwu zuru oke, nchịkọta nke ọnọdụ gburugburu ebe obibi ugbu a na nke akụkọ ihe mere eme ga-eme ka ihe ịga nke ọma nke ọrụ ahụ dịkwuo mma.[2] Ya mere, nyocha nke mmekọrịta fungal na saịtị ahụ n'okpuru ọnọdụ kachasị mma na nke na-adịghị mma bara uru maka mmejuputa usoro mycoforestry.

Fungi Saprotrophic

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Mushrooms oyster a na-eri eri (Pleurotus sp.) na-amị mkpụrụ site na ogwe osisi

Ụkpụrụ nke abụọ bụ ịkwalite saprotrophic fungi na gburugburu ebe obibi.[2] Saprophytic fungi dị oke mkpa maka usoro mycoforestry n'ihi na ndị a bụ ndị isi na-emepụta osisi ma na-eweghachi ihe oriri n'ala maka iji ya mee ihe n'ime ọhịa ndị ọzọ. Enwere ike ime nke a site na itinye ihe mkpofu osisi n'ebe ahụ. Enwere ike iji mmanụ spore [jargon] mee ihe na chainsaws mgbe osisi siri ike ma ọ bụ nke na-awakpo chọrọ igbu osisi. Usoro a bụ ụzọ dị mfe iji tinye ọgwụ n'osisi. Tụkwasị na nke a, enwere ike itinye plug spawn ma tinye ya n'ime osisi ọzọ na-akpali mmeri site na fungus ahọpụtara. N'ikpeazụ, mgbalị ndị a na-eme ugboro ugboro ekwesịghị ịdị mkpa n'ihi na ọtụtụ ụdị ndụ fungal siri ike ma ga-agbasa ma na-adịgide n'ala n'onwe ha.[5]

Na njikwa nke usoro mycoforestry, ọ dị mkpa ka osisi nwụrụ anwụ metụta ala. Nke a na-enye ohere ka fungus si n'ala ruo ma mebie osisi dara ada na-ewepụta ihe oriri ngwa ngwa ma ọ bụrụ na a hapụrụ osisi ahụ.[2] Tụkwasị na nke a, ọ dị mkpa ịhapụ osisi nwụrụ anwụ n'ebe ahụ maka ire ure n'ime ala.[2] Echiche a dabere n'otu aka ahụ n'eziokwu ahụ bụ na igbu osisi n'ụzọ doro anya na-ebelata ihe oriri na ọkpụrụkpụ ala.[4]

Mmekọrịta fungal bara uru

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Armillaria, nje fungus na-egbu egbu

Isi nke atọ bụ itinye n'ọrụ ụdị ndị a maara na ha na-abara ụdị osisi uru.[2] Ndị a na-abụkarị mycorrhizal fungus nke na-ejikọta ogologo oge na osisi, na-agbasakarị n'ime mgbọrọgwụ osisi, na'arụ ọrụ dị ka usoro mgbọrọgwụ ọzọ, ma na-enye maka ịmịkọrọ ihe na-edozi ahụ na mmiri.

Iji ụdị ero na-adọta ụmụ ahụhụ nwere ike ịbụ ebe bara uru nke nri azụ.  Omume a na-eme ka mycoforestry bụrụ usoro buru ibu.  N'adịghị ka ọtụtụ usoro ọrụ ugbo ọ na-enyere gburugburu ebe obibi aka n'ọtụtụ ụzọ.  Ọ na-ejikọta akụkụ niile dị ndụ nke gburugburu ebe obibi ọnụ, na-ekepụta ndụ na mmepụta nri na-adịgide adịgide yana ịkụ azụ na-adịgide adịgide dị ka Hawaiian Ahupua'a oge ochie, bụ nke jiri akụkụ nile nke ala na-adigide maka nchekwa gburugburu ebe obibi na nri.

Na mgbakwunye, enwere ike itinye ụdị fungal nke na-asọ mpi ọrịa na-akpata ọrịa dị ka Armillaria root rots,[2] iji nye nchebe ogologo oge maka usoro ọhịa.

Tụkwasị na nke a, mmejuputa usoro agroforestry na-eme mycoremediation na mycofiltration, na-ehichapụ nsí ma na-eweghachi gburugburu ebe obibi.

Hụkwa

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  •  Trees portal
  • Mgbapụta

Edensibia

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  1. ↑ Friedman, Zev. Digging In. New Life Journal. 1 May 2009.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 Stamets (2005). Mycelium running: how mushrooms can help save the world. Ten Speed Press. ISBN 1-58008-579-2. “mycoforestry.”  Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "stamets" defined multiple times with different content
  3. ↑ Thomas (2023-03-21). "Edible fungi crops through mycoforestry, potential for carbon negative food production and mitigation of food and forestry conflicts" (in en). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 120 (12): e2220079120. DOI:10.1073/pnas.2220079120. ISSN 0027-8424. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Dahlgren, R. A.; Driscoll, C. T. The effects of whole-tree clear-cutting on soil processes at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, New Hampshire, USA. Plant and Soil. Volume 158, Number 2 / January 1994.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Frankland, Juliet C. All you ever wanted to know about Mycelium. NWFG Newsletter. April 1997. (ISSN 1465-8054) Print.

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