Nri ọkpụkpụ

Nri ọkpụkpụ (ma ọ bụ achịcha ọkpụkpụ) bụ ngwakọta nke ọkpụkpụ anụ ndị a kpara akpa na nke a kpara akpa na ihe mkpofu ụlọ. A na-eji ya dị ka ihe mgbakwunye nri iji nye calcium na phosphorus na anụ ụlọ monogastric n'ụdị hydroxyapatite. Dị ka fatịlaịza organic na-ewepụta ngwa ngwa, ọ na-enye phosphorus, calcium, na obere nitrogen na osisi.

Ojiji

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Ihe mgbakwunye nri

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A na-eji nri ọkpụkpụ, yana nri ndị ọzọ dị iche iche, karịsịa nri anụ, dị ka ihe mgbakwunye nri/mineral maka anụ ụlọ. Ntinye na-ezighi ezi nke ngwaahịa nri ọkpụkpụ na anụ na nri anụmanụ nwere ike itinye aka na mgbasa nke spongiform encephalopathy na-ebufe, nke a na-akpọkarị na ehi dị ka ọrịa Mad Cow. Ijikwa okpomọkụ nke ọma nwere ike ibelata mmetọ salmonella[1]

A na-eji nri ọkpụkpụ eme ihe n'akụkọ ihe mere eme dị ka Ihe mgbakwunye calcium nke nri mmadụ. Nnyocha egosiwo na calcium na ọkpụkpụ n'ụdị ion ha (Ca2+, Pb2+) nwere ụdị atọm yiri ya wee mepụta ikike maka mkpokọta ọkpụkpụ.[2] Onye America na-eme ihe nkiri bụ Allison Hayes nwere nsí n'afọ ndị 1970 site na mgbakwunye calcium nke e ji ọkpụkpụ ịnyịnya mee nke nwere nnukwu ọkpụkpụ, nke mere ka EPA mepụta iwu mbubata siri ike. Tụkwasị na nke a, nnyocha e mere na nri ndị sitere na broth ọkpụkpụ ọkụkọ na 2013 gosiri na ha nwere usoro nke ibu karịa mmiri pọmpụ.[3]

Ihe na-eme ka mkpụrụ osisi na-eme nri

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Nri ọkpụkpụ na-enye osisi phosphorus na calcium, yana nitrogen na-enweghị isi.[4] N-P-K nke nri ọkpụkpụ na-abụkarị 3-15-0 yana ihe dị na calcium nke dị ihe dị ka 12% (18% CaO equiv.), [5] ọ bụ ezie na ọ nwere ike ịdị iche dabere na isi iyi site na 1-13-0 ruo 3-22-0.[6]   [citation needed]

Dị ka nri ọkpụkpụ na-adịghị agbaze na mmiri, ọ dị mkpa ka a gbajie ya tupu osisi ahụ enwee ike ịmị ya, ma ọ bụ site na acidity nke ala ma ọ bụ ọrụ microbial na-emepụta acid. Dị ka Mahadum Colorado State si kwuo, enwere ike ịgbaji ya naanị n'< class="mw-redirect cx-link" data-linkid="39" href="./Acidic_soil" id="mwMA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Acidic soil">Ala acid (pH < 7.0) ma wepụta ihe oriri ya n'ime ọnwa 1 ruo 4.[5]

Akụkọ ihe mere eme

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Ọ bụ Justus von Liebig bu ụzọ tụọ aro usoro a (ịgbaze ọkpụkpụ anụmanụ na sulphuric acid) n'ihe dị ka 1840 ma jiri ya mee ihe na Britain site n'aka Rev James Robertson na Ellon, Aberdeenshire na 1841. [7]

Tupu Liebig, mgbasawanye nke ọrụ ugbo emebiela ala nke ihe oriri dị mkpa. N'enweghị olileanya, ndị ọrụ ugbo chịkọtara ọkpụkpụ site na nnukwu ọgbọ agha dị ka Agha Waterloo na Agha Austerlitz iji kpochapụ ha ma weghachite ala ahụ.[8]

Na narị afọ nke 19 na Europe, a na-ahụ mmepụta buru ibu na azụmahịa mba ụwa na nri ọkpụkpụ dị ka ihe dị mkpa maka mmepe ugbo.[9]

Hụkwa

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  • Nri ọbara
  • Onye na-egbutu ọkpụkpụ
  • Nri ábụ́bà
  • Nri anụ na ọkpụkpụ
  • Ihe ngwọta mmiri

Ebem si dee

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  1. ↑ Animal Feed Resources Information System. Common Protein Sources for Poultry Diets. Archived from the original on 1 December 2012. Retrieved on 23 November 2012.
  2. ↑ Lead and Calcium – Lead Poisoning (4 December 2021).
  3. ↑ Monro JA, Leon R, Puri BK (2013). "The risk of lead contamination in bone broth diets.". Med Hypotheses 80 (4): 389–90. DOI:10.1016/j.mehy.2012.12.026. PMID 23375414. 
  4. ↑ Chen (2009). "NJF Seminar 422: Meat bone meal as nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer (abstract)". Nordic Association of Agricultural Scientists 5 (2). Retrieved on 23 November 2012. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Card (December 2011). "Organic Fertilizers". Colorado State University Extension Colorado Master Gardener Program (CMG Garden Notes). Retrieved on 8 October 2014.  Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Card" defined multiple times with different content
  6. ↑ Barker (2018). "Fertilizers", Reference Module in Chemistry, Molecular Sciences and Chemical Engineering. DOI:10.1016/B978-0-12-409547-2.00142-6. ISBN 9780124095472. 
  7. ↑ Robertson, James (1803-1860).
  8. ↑ Hillel (2007). Soil in the Environment: Crucible of Terrestrial Life. Elsevier Science. ISBN 9780080554969. 
  9. ↑ Sir John Sinclair (1832). The Code of Agriculture. Sherwood, Gilbert & Piper, 141–145.