Richard Hunt (onye ọkpụrụkpụ)

 

Richard Howard Hunt (Septemba 12, 1935 Disemba 16, 2023) bụ onye ọkpụrụkpụ America .^[1]   N'ime ọkara nke abụọ nke narị afọ nke iri abụọ, ọ ghọrọ "onye na-ese ihe na onye na-ese onyinyo nke ihe ọkpụkpụ ọha na eze". Hunt, nwa nke ndị ohu si West Africa si n'Ọdụ Ụgbọ Mmiri Savannah, gụrụ akwụkwọ na School of the Art Institute of Chicago na 1950s.^[2] Mgbe ọ nọ ebe ahụ, ọ natara ọtụtụ ihe nrite maka ọrụ ya. N'afọ 1971, ọ bụ onye Africa-America na-ese ihe mbụ nwere ihe ngosi na Museum of Modern Art. Hunt emeela ihe karịrị ọrụ ihe osise ọha na eze 160, karịa onye ọ bụla ọzọ na-ese Ihe n'ebe ndị a ma ama na steeti 24 gafee United States.^[3]

N'ịbụ onye ọrụ na-ewe ihe dị ka afọ iri asaa, Hunt nwere ihe ngosi ihe ngosi 150 solo ma na-anọchi anya ya n'ihe karịrị ụlọ ngosi ihe ngosi ọha 100 n'ofe ụwa.Ọrụ ọkpụrụkpụ ya a ma ama, nke ọgbara ọhụrụ na nke dị ugbu a pụtara na ihe ngosi na ngosipụta ọha na mbido 1950. Ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị omenkà mbụ jere ozi n'òtù na-achị isi maka National Endowment for Arts ma mesịa jee ozi na bọọdụ Smithsonian American Art Museum. Na 2022, Barack Obama kwuru na "Richard Hunt bụ otu n'ime ndị na-ese ihe nkiri Chicago rụtụrụla".^[4][5]

Arachne, 1956, Museum of Modern ArtEbe Ngosi Ihe Ochie nke Oge A

Ndụ mbido

A mụrụ Richard Hunt na 1935 na Chicago's South Side wee zụlite na mpaghara Woodlawn. Hunt na nwanne ya nwanyị nke obere, Marian, tolitere ebe ahụ.[1] Agbanyeghị na ọ kwagara Galesburg, Illinois mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na otu, ọ nọrọ ọtụtụ oge ya n'obodo Chicago.[2][3] Site na nwata ọ nwere mmasị na nka. Soro nne ya, onye ịchọ mma na onye na-agụ akwụkwọ, ọ gara ihe ngosi nke ụlọ ọrụ opera obodo bụ ndị na-abụ egwu oge ochie nke Mozart, Rossini, Verdi, na Handel.^[6]

Dị ka nwata nwoke, Hunt malitere igosi ịnụ ọkụ n'obi na nkà maka ise ihe, ise ihe, na ịkpụ ihe, mmasị ọ na-etolite. N'ịbụ onye a kpaliri ịchụso ọrụ ya na nka, o kwuru na "Mama m na-akwado ma nna m na-anabata". ^[7] Hunt nwetakwara ọgụgụ isi azụmahịa na mmata banyere nsogbu mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya site n'ịrụ ọrụ na ụlọ ahịa ịkpụ isi nna ya. ^[8]

Hero Construction, 1958, Art Institute of Chicago, IL

Dị ka onye nọ n'afọ iri na ụma, Hunt malitere ọrụ ya na ihe ọkpụkpụ, na-eji ụrọ arụ ọrụ, na-akpụ osisi, na-emepụta ihe ọkpụ.^[9] Ọ bụ ezie na ọrụ ya malitere n'ụlọ ọrụ na-eme ihe n'oge na-adịghị anya n'ime ụlọ ihi ụra ya n'afọ 1940, o mechara wuo ụlọ ọrụ dị n'okpuru ala n'ụlọ nna ya na ụlọ ọrụ na-akpụ isi n'okpuru ụlọ n'ụlọ ezinụlọ Englewood.^[9]

Agụmakwụkwọ

Malite na klas nke asatọ mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na atọ, ^[10] Hunt gara klas na Art Institute of Chicago's Junior School of the Arts. ^{[11] [12][7]} Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ n'oge na Englewood High School na Jenụwarị 1953 wee banye na School of the Art Institute of Chicago n'ikpeazụ n'afọ ahụ, wee gụsịrị akwụkwọ na 1957. ^[13][14] Ọ gakwara klas na Mahadum Illinois na Mahadim Chicago . ^[7]

Mgbe ọ na-agụ akwụkwọ na Art Institute, Hunt lekwasịrị anya na mbụ n'ịmepụta ọnụ ọgụgụ waya a na-ere ere, emezie ya na ihe ọkpụkpụ ịgbado ọkụ, na mgbakwunye na imepụta lithographs.[1][2] N'ịbụ onye nwere mmasị na Modernism, Abstract Expressionism, na Surrealism, ọ nwalere nchịkọta nke akụkụ igwe gbajiri agbaji, ihe mgbochi ụgbọ ala, na ọla sitere na ogige junk na-emegharị ha ka ọ bụrụ ụdị ị anụ ahụ.^[15] Hunt gara n'ihu na-arụ ọrụ na ígwè, ígwè, ọla kọpa, na aluminum na-emepụta usoro "ihe oyiyi ngwakọta", na-ezo aka na ụdị mmadụ, anụmanụ, na osisi.^[16] Hunt nyochara mmekọrịta nke ihe ndị dị ndụ na ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe na ọrụ nka ya. Ọrụ mbụ ya, nke na-anọchite anya isiokwu oge ochie, bụ ihe atụ karịa nke ikpeazụ ya.^[6]

Hunt malitere igosi ihe ọkpụkpụ ya na mba niile mgbe ọ ka bụ nwa akwụkwọ na School of the Art Institute of Chicago . ^[17][18] Dị ka Junior, Museum of Modern Art na New York zụrụ Arachne ya.^[17][18] Ọ natara nzere bachelọ nke nka na agụmakwụkwọ (BAE) site na Art Institute of Chicago na 1957. ^[17]

Site n'Oké Osimiri, 1983, ọla nchara a na-agbanye n'ime, 71 × 45 × 64 in.      (180 × 114 × 163 cm)      

Emmett Till

N'afọ 1955, Hunt gara ememe olili ozu Emmett Till na Roberts Temple Church na Chicago. Ememe olili ozu ahụ pụtara na ihu Till, nke e merụrụ ahụ ma mebie ya n'ihi na e gburu ya, pụtara n'ụzọ zuru ezu. Ahụmahụ a nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu na Hunt.^[19] Till toro na Woodlawn naanị blocks ole na ole site n'ụlọ ebe a mụrụ Hunt.^[11][20]Hunt, dị ka Till, gara South ịga leta ezinụlọ.[1] Ihe a kpụrụ akpụ "Hero's Head", 1956 (na-anọchite anya isi Till lynched) bụ otu n'ime ihe ọkpụkpụ mbụ welded nke Hunt kere. Ọ gbara ama olili Till wee kuziere onwe ya ka esi agbado ọkụ n'otu oge okpomọkụ. Na Jenụwarị 6, 2003, Hunt ga-agakwa olili Mamie Till n'ihi nkwanye ùgwù maka ihe o mere nwa ya na maka ngagharị ikike obodo n'ozuzu ya.^[1]

N'afọ 2023, Hunt mechara ihe atụ ọkpụkpụ maka ihe ncheta Hero Ascending, ụtụ maka Emmett Till nke a ga-etinye n'ụlọ Till mgbe ọ bụ nwata.^[20][21]

Njem Europe

Richard Hunt's Symbiosis nyere Mahadum Howard dị ka onyinye site n'aka onye bụbu onye nlekọta ụlọ akwụkwọ bụ Hobart Taylor.^[22]

Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ, e nyere Hunt James Nelson Raymond Foreign Travel Fellowship . ^[23][24] Ọ gara England na SS United States wee gaa Paris, ebe ọ gbazitere ụgbọ ala, Citroën 2CV, maka njem gaa Spain, Ịtali, ma mesịa laghachi Paris.Ọ nọrọ ọtụtụ oge ya na Florence, ebe ọ mụtara ịtụ ihe ọkpụkpụ mbụ ya na ọla kọpa, na ebe a ma ama Marinelli.[1] Oge ya na mba ọzọ mere ka nkwenye ya sie ike na ígwè bụ ihe a na-ahụ anya na narị afọ nke iri abụọ.

Ọrụ agha

Hunt jere ozi na Ndị agha United States site na 1958 ruo 1960. Ọ natara ọzụzụ bụ isi na Fort Leonard Wood . ^[23] Hunt jere ozi dị ka onye na-ese ihe osise maka Brooke Army Medical Center . ^[12]

Ịkwụsị ịkpa ókè

Na Machị 7, 1960, Mary Andrews, onye isi oche nke kansụl ndị ntorobịa nke NAACP, degaara ndị njikwa ụlọ ahịa na etiti San Antonio, Texas akwụkwọ ozi, bụ ndị na-arụ ọrụ na ụlọ nri ehihie ndị ọcha. N'ịbụ onye mmegharị ahụ na-arịwanye elu gbara ume, ọ rịọrọ ka e nye mmadụ niile ọrụ hà nhata, n'agbanyeghị agbụrụ. Hunt na ejiji ndị agha US gara nri ehihie na Woolworth na Machị 16, 1960. N'oche n'elu tebụl, e nyere iwu ya, e jikwa ya ozi n'enweghị ihe ọ bụla.Hunt, bụ naanị onye Afrịka America a ma ama na-eri nri na nri ehihie San Antonio's Woolworth n'ụbọchị ahụ, mezuru ọhụụ Mary Andrews nke njikọta. Omume a, yana ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị Africa America ndị ọzọ n'ụlọ nri nri ehihie ndị ọzọ n'ofe obodo ahụ, mere San Antonio ka ọ bụrụ nke mbụ nke udo na afọ ofufo nke nchịkọta nri ehihie na ndịda.^[25][20]

Ọrụ

Hunt malitere ịnwale ihe na usoro ịkpụ ihe, nke ndị na-ese ihe na narị afọ nke iri abụọ na-enwe mmetụta dị ukwuu. A kpaliri Hunt ilekwasị anya n'ihe ọkpụkpụ n'ihi ihe ngosi nke 1950 a na-akpọ Sculpture of the Twentieth Century nke emere na Art Institute nke Chicago na 1953. ^[26] Ihe osise nke narị afọ nke iri abụọ gụnyere ọrụ Pablo Picasso, Julio González, na David Smith.^[7][18] N'ihe ngosi ahụ, Hunt hụrụ ihe osise dị iche iche nke ígwè a na-agbanye agbanye na nke mbụ ya. Hunt sikwa n'ike mmụọ nsọ ma kwanyere onye France na-ese ihe Raymond Duchamp-Villon ùgwù, onye ọla nchara "Horse" nke 1914 bụ ihe nkuzi.^[27] Ịhụ ọrụ ndị omenkà a mere ka Hunt kụziere onwe ya otu esi edozi waya iji mepụta obere ihe. Ọ ga-emecha mepụta ma ihe atụ ma ihe a na-adịghị ahụ anya site n'ịmụta ịgbado ígwè na 1955.^[7] N'afọ ndị 1960 na 1970, Hunt ji ụgbọ ala junkyards dị ka ebe a na-egwupụta nkume ya wee gbanwee ihe mgbochi na ihe mkpuchi ka ọ bụrụ ihe ọkpụkpụ na-adịghị ahụkebe.[1] Hunt gbadoro anya na nhazi oghere nke ihe ya ebe ọ gbasoro nzọụkwụ Julio González n'ime akụkụ atọ.NNnwale a nwetara nzaghachi dị mma site n'aka ndị ọrụ nka, dị ka nke ahụ gosipụtara Hunt na Artists of Chicago na Vicinity Show na American Show, ebe Museum of Modern Art zụtara otu mpempe akwụkwọ maka nchịkọta ya. Ọ bụ onye nka kacha nta gosipụtara na ngosi ngosi ụwa nke 1962 Seattle, nnukwu ihe ngosi nyocha mba ụwa nke nka ọgbara ọhụrụ. ^[17]

Hunt natara ọrụ ọkpụkpụ mbụ ya na 1967 nke a maara dị ka Play, nke State of Illinois Public Art Program nyere iwu.^[28] Ime ihe a a kpụrụ akpụ dugara ya n'ọtụtụ ọrụ ọha na eze ndị ọzọ a na-ewere dị ka ọrụ nke abụọ ya. Hunt rụchara ọtụtụ ihe ọkpụkpụ ọha na eze karịa onye ọ bụla ọzọ na-ese ihe na mba ahụ.^[3] Akara ya gụnyere Jacob's Ladder na Carter G. Woodson Library na Chicago na Flintlock Fantasy na Detroit. ^[29][30]

Onye isi ala Lyndon Johnson họpụtara Hunt dị ka otu n'ime ndị omenkà mbụ jere ozi na bọọdụ na-achịkwa National Endowment for the Arts ma ọ rụkwara ọrụ na bọọdụ nke Smithsonian Institution . ^[31][32] Site na 1980 ruo 1988, Hunt jere ozi dị ka Kọmishọna nke Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of American Art.[1][2] Site na 1994 ruo 1997, Hunt jere ozi na Smithsonian Institution's National Board of Directors . ^[23]

N'afọ 1971, Hunt nwetara ụlọ ọrụ eletrik a na-arụ ọrụ na nso ugwu Chicago ma weghachite ya n'ime ụlọ ọrụ na-emepụta ihe.^[33] Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ bịara na-eji crane akwa akwa akwa akwa, nke dị mma maka ịkwaga nnukwu ihe a tụrụ atụ, na elu ụlọ dị mita iri na anọ.  Mgbe ọ na-ejikwa ígwè ahụ, Hunt na ndị enyemaka abụọ rụkọrọ ọrụ.^[34] Hunt kọwara ọrụ ígwè dị ka "egwuregwu n'efu nke ụdị na-agbanwe agbanwe, na-eto eto ma na-adị iche na ibe ya". ^[33]

Slowly Toward the North, 1984, welded Cor-Ten steel, 59"H × 34"W × 84"D (150 × 86 × 213 cm).          Ihe a a tụrụ atụ na-echeta Nnukwu Mbufe.^[35]

N'afọ 2014, Chicago Cultural Center mere emume ọrụ Hunt ruo ugbu a na ngosi Sixty Years of Sculpture . ^[36]

Na Febụwarị 26, 2022, Obama Foundation kwupụtara ọrụ nke ihe a tụrụ atụ Book Bird maka Barack Obama Presidential Center. ^[20][37] Ihe osise ahụ nke a rụchara, bụ nkọwa sitere na mpempe akwụkwọ Hunt mepụtara dị ka onyinye nye ndị na-akwado United Negro College Fund. Obama Foundation kwuru, "Iberibe a mara mma na-egosi ọganihu mmadụ nwere ike ime site n'ịgụ ihe - na-eme ka mkpali anyị na-atụ anya ka ndị ntorobịa niile na-ewepụ mgbe ha gara na Obama Presidential Center." Barack Obama gwara Hunt, "Abu m nnukwu mmasị maka ọrụ gị ogologo oge, Michelle nwekwara. "^[4][38]

E bipụtara mpịakọta peeji 352 banyere ọrụ afọ iri asaa nke Richard Hunt na 2022. ^{[11] [1][39]} Ọ na-agụnye okwu mbido, edemede ndị ọkà mmụta atọ, ajụjụ ọnụ miri emi, na usoro iheomume dị ukwuu nke ndụ Hunt. Mpịakọta ahụ gosipụtara mmeghe nke Courtney J. Martin, ederede nke John Yau, Jordan Carter, na LeRonn Brooks, ajụjụ ọnụ nke Adrienne Childs, na usoro iheomume nke Jon Ott.^[40] Oprah Daily kwupụtara ya dị ka "Ihe ngosi dị egwu, nke na-enweghị isi nke onye na-ese ihe ojii anyị a ma ama". ^[41]

Getty Research Institute nwetara ihe ndekọ nke Richard Hunt n'ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 2022. ^[42][11] Ihe ncheta Richard Hunt nwere ihe dịka mita 800 nke nkọwa zuru ezu na akwụkwọ ozi, akwụkwọ ndekọ, akwụkwọ eserese, akwụkwọ foto, ndekọ ego, nyocha, ihe na-adịghị adịte aka, ụkpụrụ, posters, eserese, na lithographs, yana nhọrọ nke ụdị wax maka ihe ọkpụkpụ ọha. "Richard Hunt bụ otu n'ime ndị na-ese ihe na America mbụ n'etiti narị afọ nke 20," LeRonn Brooks, onye na-ahụ maka mkpokọta ọgbara ọhụrụ na nke oge a na-ekwu. Getty Centre for Education in the Arts n'ime afọ 1980, ga-abụ ebe obibi nke ebe a na-edebe ihe ochie," Richard Hunt na-ekwu. "N'ime akwụkwọ, foto, akwụkwọ ozi, na sketches m niile na-achọpụta oke ọrụ m na ntinye aka m na akụkọ ihe mere eme nka. Enwere m olileanya na ebe nchekwa m ga-eje ozi ọ bụghị naanị dị ka ihe ncheta kama ọ bụ ihe mkpali nye ndị ọzọ."^[42]

Na Nọvemba 2023, White Cube kwupụtara nnọchiteanya nke Richard Hunt na ihe ngosi nke ọrụ ya na gallery ha na New York. ^[35]

Ebe Ngosi Ihe Ochie nke Oge A

Egosiputala ọrụ Hunt ugboro iri na abụọ na Museum of Modern Art dị na New York, gụnyere nnukwu azụ azụ azụ na 1971, mgbe Hunt dị naanị afọ 35. Akpọrọ aha The Sculpture nke Richard Hunt, Maachị 25 - Julaị 9, 1971, ọ ghọrọ onye ọkpụ akpụ America izizi nke MoMA nyere nlegharị anya.i.^[19][43]

National Endowment for the Arts

Hunt bụ onye Africa America mbụ na-ese ihe nkiri na-eje ozi na National Council on the Arts, òtù na-achịkwa National Endowment for the Arts. Onye isi ala Lyndon B. Johnson họpụtara ya na 1968.^[19][11]

Ihe Ncheta

Hunt kere nnukwu ihe ọkpụkpụ na ihe ncheta maka ụfọdụ ndị dike United States, gụnyere Martin Luther King Jr., Mary McLeod Bethune, John Jones, Jesse Owens, Ida B. Wells na Hobart Taylor Jr.Nnukwu ọla nchara 30 n'obosara (9 m), Swing Low (2016), kwụgidere n'uko ụlọ nke National Museum of African American History and Culture, ihe ncheta nye mmụọ nke ndị America America.[1] Kemgbe 2017, ihe ọkpụkpụ Hunt ọzọ welded, Hero Construction (1958), guzo dị ka etiti nke Art Institute of Chicago.^[20][44]

Nkwupụta nke Richard Hunt

N'ọrụ ụfọdụ ọ bụ ebumnuche m ịzụlite ụdị ụdị ọdịdị okike nwere ike ịmepụta ma ọ bụrụ na ọ bụ naanị okpomọkụ na ígwè dị ya.

Ihe ọ bụla dị, nke sitere n'okike ma ọ bụ nke mmadụ mere, nwere ụfọdụ ihe ọkpụkpụ ma ọ bụ ihe onwunwe.

Otu n'ime isiokwu ndị dị mkpa n'ọrụ m bụ nkwekọrịta nke organic na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe.

Enwere m ike, enwere m ike, m ga-enye ihe akaebe nke m na ezinụlọ m biri n'ụwa a, mbara ala a. N'ime nnukwu atụmatụ nke ihe ọ bụ ihe na-erughị ọdịda na bọket mana ọ na-atọ m ụtọ inwe ike ịhapụ ihe akaebe a ruo oge ụfọdụ.

N'iche n'echiche ụwa na-enweghị usoro agbụrụ, ana m arụ ọrụ dị ka agbụrụ adịghị adị.

Ihe a tụrụ atụ abụghị nkwupụta onwe onye kama ọ bụ olu nke ndị m. N'elu ihe niile bara ọgaranya; n'okpuru ihe niile banyere ike nke ndị Africa America.

Enwere m mmasị mgbe niile n'echiche nke nnwere onwe na ọkwa onwe na nke zuru ụwa ọnụ: nnwere onwe ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, nnwere onwe iche echiche na mmetụta. Dị ka onye Africa America bi na United States, o doro anya na nsogbu ndị dị ka iwu nkewa, òtù na-ahụ maka ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ na 1960s ma ọ bụ South Africa anọwo n'uche m mgbe m na-ekwu maka echiche nke nnwere onwe. Mana nnwere onwe na-emetụtakwa ọrụ m dị ka onye na-ese ihe: nnwere onwe nke uche, echiche na echiche.

Ojiji m ji ụdị nku mee ihe na mbido '50s dabeere na isiokwu akụkọ ifo, dị ka Icarus na Winged Victory. Ọ bụ, n'otu aka, ịnwa inweta mmeri ma ọ bụ nnwere onwe n'ime. Ọ bụkwa maka nyocha echiche nke nnwere onwe onwe onwe onwe na nke otu. Ojiji m na-eji ụdị ndị a eme ihe nwere mgbọrọgwụ na mmetụta na ahụmịhe ndị Africa na America ma bụrụkwa ihe nnọchianya zuru ụwa ọnụ.^[1][45]

Ọnwụ

Hunt nwụrụ na Disemba 16, 2023, n'ụlọ ya na Chicago. Dị ka nkwupụta e debere na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ya si kwuo, ọ "gafere n'udo". Ọ dị afọ iri asatọ na asatọ.^[19][46][47]

Nkwado na ọrụ

Hunt bụ onye natara ọtụtụ ihe nrite na nzere nsọpụrụ. ^[1]

Ihe nrite ndị a họọrọ

• 1956 Maazị na Oriakụ Frank G. Logan Medal na Prize, Art Institute of Chicago
• 1957 James Nelson Raymond Traveling Fellowship, School of the Art Institute of Chicago
• 1957 Pauline Palmer Prize, Art Institute of Chicago
• 1961 Maazị na Oriakụ Frank G. Logan Medal na Prize, Art Institute of Chicago
• 1962 Maazị na Oriakụ Frank G. Logan Medal na Prize, Art Institute of Chicago
• 1962 Walter M. Campana Prize, Art Institute of Chicago
• 1962 Guggenheim Fellowship^[48]
• 1965 Tamarind Artist Fellowship, Ford FoundationNtọala Ford
• 1970 Onyinye, Cassandra Foundation
• 1980 James Van Der Zee Lifetime Achievement Award, Brandywine Workshop and ArchivesEbe Ọmụmụ Ihe na Ebe Ndebe Ihe Ochie
• 1990 Sidney R. Yates Art Advocacy Award, Illinois Arts Alliance Foundation
• 1993 Laureate, Lincoln Academy of IllinoisLincoln Academy nke Illinois
• 1997 Artists Award, The Studio Museum na HarlemEbe Ngosi Ihe Mgbe Ochie na Harlem
• 1998 Onye na-eme ihe nkiri, The Union League Club of Chicago
• 1998 Onye otu, American Academy of Arts and Letters
• 1999 Chicago African American History Maker Award, The DuSable Museum of African American History, Chicago
• 1999 Onye otu, National Academy of Design
• 2003 Harry W. Watrous Prize na Elizabeth N. Watrous Medal, National Academy of Design
• 2004 Archibald Motley Jr. History Maker Award for Distinction in Visual Arts, Chicago History Museum
• 2005 Malvina Hoffman Artists Fund Award, National Academy of Design
• 2009 Charlotte Dunwiddie Prize, National Academy of Design
• 2009 Lifetime Achievement Award, International Sculpture Center ^[49]
• 2010 Legacy Award, United Negro College Fund
• 2011 Ruth Horwich Award nye onye ama ama Chicago Artist, City of Chicago Department of Cultural Affairs
• 2014 Fifth Star Award, City of Chicago ^[50]
• 2014 Lifetime Achievement Award, Mahadum Howard
• 2015 Alain Locke International Art Award, Detroit Institute of ArtsỤlọ Ọrụ Nkà nke Detroit
• 2015 Lifetime Achievement Award, Partners for Livable Communities
• 2017 Ihe ncheta nke Legendary Landmark, Landmarks IllinoisIhe ịrịba ama Illinois
• 2022 Legends and Legacy Award, Art Institute of Chicago^[51]
• 2022 Richard Hunt Day mara ọkwa site na Mayor Lori Lightfoot, City of Chicago, June 10
• 2023 Chicago Public Library Foundation Arts Award
• 2023 Dorsky Lifetime Achievement Award, Samuel Dorsky Museum of Art
• 2023 Egwú nke Baroque Honoree, Chicago
• 2023 Richard Hunt Day mara ọkwa site na First Lady nke Illinois MK Pritzker, Eprel 24 ^[38][52]

Ebe e si nweta ya^[1]

Degree nsọpụrụ

• 1972 Lake Forest College, Lake Forest, IL
• 1973 Dayton Art Institute, Dayton, OH
• 1976 Mahadum nke Michigan, Ann Arbor
• 1977 Mahadum steeti Illinois, Normal
• 1979 Mahadum Colorado State, Fort Collins
• 1979 Ụlọ akwụkwọ nke Art Institute nke Chicago
• 1984 Mahadum Northwestern, Evanston, IL
• 1986 Monmouth College, Monmouth, IL
• 1987 Mahadum Roosevelt, Chicago
• 1991 Mahadum Tufts, Medford, MA
• 1996 Columbia College, Chicago
• 1997 Governors State University, University Park, IL
• 2004 North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro
• 2007 Mahadum Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN
• 2013 Mahadum Valparaiso, Valparaiso
• 2022 Mahadum Southern Illinois, Carbondale
• 2023 Mahadum nke Southern Indiana, Evansville IN

Ebe e si nweta ya^[1]

Ọrụ ndị a họọrọ

• Hero Construction (1958), Chicago^[53]
• A Bridge Across and Beyond (1978), Washington, D.C.
• Wing Generator (1980) Mahadum Notre Dame, Indiana
• Symbiosis (ihe dị ka 1981), Washington, D.C.
• Build-Grow (1986), Jamaica, Queens, New York
• Build-Grow (1992), Washington, D.C.
• Swing Low (2016), Washington, D.C.^[54][1]
• Ìhè nke Eziokwu Ida B. Wells National Monument (2021), Chicago

Nchịkọta ọha na eze ahọpụtara

• Albright-Knox Art Gallery, Buffalo, NY
• Allen Memorial Art Museum, Oberlin College, Oberlin, OH
• Amon Carter Museum of American Art, Fort Worth
• Applewood-Ruth Mott Foundation, Flint, MI
• Ebe ndebe ihe osise, imewe na ihe owuwu, Mahadum California, Santa Barbara
• Ihe osise na Embassies, U.S. Department of State, Washington, DC
• Ụlọ Ọrụ Nkà nke Chicago
• Ebe Ngosi Ihe Ochie nke Mahadum Memphis
• Ebe Ngosi Ihe Ochie nke Baltimore
• Berkeley Art Museum na Pacific Film Archive, Berkeley, CA
• Birmingham Museum of Art, Birmingham, AL
• Bowdoin College Museum of Art, Brunswick, ME
• Brauer Museum of Art, Mahadum Valparaiso, Valparaiso
• Ebe Ngosi Ihe Mgbe Ochie nke Britain
• Ebe Ngosi Ihe Mgbe Ochie nke Brooklyn, Brooklyn, NY
• Ụlọ ọrụ Butler nke American Art, Youngstown, OH
• Cantor Arts Center, Mahadum Stanford, Stanford, CA
• Chazen Museum of Art, Mahadum Wisconsin-Madison
• Ebe Ngosi Ihe Ochie Cincinnati, Cincinnati
• Ebe Ngosi Ihe Ochie Cleveland, Cleveland, OH
• Colby College Museum of Art, Waterville, ME
• Ebe Ngosi Ihe Mgbe Ochie Columbus, Columbus, GA
• David Owsley Museum of Art, Ball State University, Muncie, IN
• Dayton Art Institute, Dayton, OH
• de Young Museum, Fine Arts Museums nke San Francisco
• DePaul Art Museum, Mahadum DePaul, Chicago
• Ebe Ngosi Ihe Ochie Denver
• Ụlọ Ọrụ Nkà nke Detroit
• Ebe ngosi nka DuSable nke akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Africa America, Chicago
• Elmhurst University Art Collection, Elmhurth, IL
• Eskenazi Museum of Art, Mahadum Indiana, Bloomington
• Franklin D. Murphy Sculpture Garden, Hammer Museum, Mahadum California, Los Angeles
• Fred Jones Jr. Museum of Art, Mahadum Oklahoma, Norman, OK
• Ogige Frederik Meijer na Ogige Ihe Ọkpụkpụ, Grand Rapids, MI
• Gallery of Art, Howard University, Washington, DC[JB1] [JO2]
• Georgia Museum of Art, Mahadum Georgia, Athens
• Greenville County Museum of Art, Greenville, SC
• Ebe Ngosi Ihe Mgbe Ochie Hammonds, Atlanta
• Harvard Art Museums, Cambridge, MA
• Herbert F. Johnson Museum of Art, Mahadum Cornell, Ithaca, NY
• High Museum of Art, Atlanta
• Ebe Ngosi Ihe Mgbe Ochie Hirshhorn na Ogige Ihe Ọkpụkpụ, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC
• Ebe Ngosi Ihe Mgbe Ochie nke Housatonic, Bridgeport, CT
• Hunter Museum of American Art, Chattanooga, TN
• Illinois State Museum, Springfield
• Ebe Ngosi Ihe Ochie nke Indianapolis
• Ebe Ngosi Ihe Mgbe Ochie nke Israel, Jerusalem
• Ebe Ngosi Ihe Mgbe Ochie nke ndị Juu, New York
• Kalamazoo Institute of Arts, Kalamazoon, MI
• Koehnline Museum of Art, Oakton Community College, Des Plaines, IL
• Krannert Art Museum, Mahadum Illinois na Urbana-Champaign
• Krasl Art Center, Saint Joseph, MI
• Ogige Ntụrụndụ Laumeier, Saint Louis, MO
• Ebe Ngosi Ihe Ochie nke Los Angeles County
• Lubeznik Center for the Arts, Michigan City, IN
• McCutchan Art Center/Pace Galleries, Mahadum nke Southern Indiana, Evansville
• Ebe Ngosi Ihe Ochie McNay, San Antonio
• Ebe Ngosi Ihe Ochie Memphis Brooks
• Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York
• Ebe Ngosi Ihe Ochie nke Mahadum Miami, Oxford, OH
• Ebe Ngosi Ihe Mgbe Ochie nke America, Elkhart, IN
• Ebe Ngosi Ihe Ochie nke Milwaukee
• Minneapolis Institute of Art, Minneapolis, MN
• Nchịkọta Mott-Warsh, Flint, MI
• Ebe ngosi nka Moderner Kunst (mumok), Stiftung Ludwig, Vienna
• Ebe Ngosi Ihe Ochie nke Oge A Chicago
• Ebe Ngosi Ihe Mgbe Ochie nke Oge A San Diego
• Ebe Ngosi Ihe Ochie nke Fine Arts, Boston
• Ebe Ngosi Ihe Ochie nke Fine Arts, Houston
• Ebe Ngosi Ihe Ochie nke Oge A, New York
• Nasher Museum of Art, Mahadum Duke, Durham, NC
• Nassau County Museum of Art, Roslyn Harbor, NY
• Nathan Manilow Sculpture Park, Governors State University, University Park, IL
• National Academy of Design, New York
• National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC^[55]
• National Museum of African American History and Culture, Washington, DC
• Ebe Ngosi Ihe Mgbe Ochie Nelson-Atkins, Kansas City, MO
• Neuberger Museum of Art, Purchase College, State University of New York
• Ebe Ngosi Ihe Mgbe Ochie nke New Jersey, Trenton
• Mahadum North Carolina Central, Durham, NC
• Norton Simon Museum, Pasadena, CA
• Obodo Onye isi ala Obama
• Paul R. Jones Museum, Mahadum Alabama Museums, Tuscaloosa
• Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, Philadelphia
• Ebe Ngosi Ihe Mgbe Ochie nke Peoria Riverfront, Peoria, IL[JB3] [JO4]
• Ebe Ngosi Ihe Ochie nke Philadelphia
• Ebe Ngosi Ihe Ochie Portland, Portland, OR
• Ebe Ngosi Ihe Ochie Portland, Portland, ME
• Princeton University Art Museum, Princeton, NJ
• RISD Museum, Rhode Island School of Design, Providence
• Samuel Dorsky Museum of Art, State University of New York na New Paltz
• SCAD Museum of Art, Savannah College of Art and Design, Savanna, GA
• Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, New York Public Library
• Sheldon Museum of Art, Mahadum Nebraska-Lincoln
• Smart Museum of Art, Mahadum Chicago
• Smithsonian American Art Museum, Washington, DC
• Raclin Murphy Museum of Art, Mahadum Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN
• Ebe Ngosi Ihe Ochie Speed, Louisville, KY
• Ebe Ngosi Ihe Ochie nke Springfield, Springfield, MO
• Storm King Art Center, Mountainville, NY
• Ebe Ngosi Ihe Mgbe Ochie dị na Harlem, New York
• Ebe Ngosi Ihe Ochie Swope, Terre Haute, IN
• Ebe Ngosi Ihe Mgbe Ochie Telfair, Savannah, GA
• Tougaloo College Art Collections, Tougaloo, MS
• Tufts University Art Galleries, Medford, MA
• UCF Art Gallery, Mahadum nke Central Florida, Orlando
• Ebe ngosi nka nke Mahadum na Mahadum Southern Illinois, Carbondale
• Mahadum nke Arizona Museum of Art, Tucson
• Mahadum nke Michigan Museum of Art, Ann Arbor
• Utah Museum of Fine Arts, Salt Lake City
• Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, Richmond
• Weatherspoon Art Museum, Mahadum nke North Carolina, Greensboro
• Whitney Museum of American Art, New York
• Ebe Ngosi Ihe Ochie Wichita, KS
• Williams College Museum of Art, Williamstown, MA
• Yale University Art Gallery, New Haven, CT^[1]

Edensibia

1. Brooks (2022). Richard Hunt. Gregory R. Miller & Company. ISBN 978-1-941366-44-8. Retrieved on December 17, 2023. Brooks, LeRonn P.; Carter, Jordan; Childs, Adrienne L.; Yau, John; Ott, Jon (2022). Richard Hunt. Gregory R. Miller & Company. ISBN 978-1-941366-44-8. Retrieved December 17, 2023. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Richard Hunt Monograph" defined multiple times with different content
2. Richard Hunt | Smithsonian American Art Museum (en-US). americanart.si.edu. Retrieved on April 4, 2021.
3. Richard Hunt (en). www.arts.gov (October 22, 2015). Retrieved on April 4, 2021."Richard Hunt". www.arts.gov. October 22, 2015. Retrieved April 4, 2021. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":2" defined multiple times with different content
4. Obama Foundation (February 28, 2022). Richard Hunt to create installation at the Obama Presidential Center.Obama Foundation (February 28, 2022). "Richard Hunt to create installation at the Obama Presidential Center" – via YouTube. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":3" defined multiple times with different content
5. Griffey (December 21, 2023). Remembering Influential Sculptor Richard Hunt (en-US). Smithsonian American Art Museum. Retrieved on December 26, 2023.
6. Perry (1992). Free within Ourselves: African American Artists in the Collection of the National Museum of American Art. Smithsonian Inst, 91–93.  Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":0" defined multiple times with different content
7. Cervin. Copper in the Arts Magazine: Thinking in Metal: Sculptor Richard Hunt (en). Copper Development Association Inc.. Retrieved on November 18, 2017. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":12" defined multiple times with different content
8. Richard Hunt. Thehistorymakers.com. Retrieved on December 12, 2017.
9. Richard Howard Hunt – Artist, Fine Art Prices, Auction Records for Richard Howard Hunt. Askart.com. Retrieved on December 12, 2017.
10. Smith. "Abstract Sculptor at Home in Public Spaces", The Washington Post, December 20, 2023, p. B4. Retrieved on December 26, 2023. (in en-US)
11. MacMillan. "Richard Hunt, iconic Chicago sculptor, dies at 88", Chicago Sun-Times, December 16, 2023. Retrieved on December 17, 2023.MacMillan, Kyle (December 16, 2023). "Richard Hunt, iconic Chicago sculptor, dies at 88". Chicago Sun-Times. Retrieved December 17, 2023. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "cst-16dec2023" defined multiple times with different content
12. Sauer. Meet the Auction Artist: Richard Hunt (BFA 1957, HON 1979). School of the Art Institute of Chicago. Retrieved on December 17, 2023. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "saic-auction" defined multiple times with different content
13. Richard Howard Hunt – Artist Biography for Richard Howard Hunt. Askart.com. Retrieved on December 12, 2017.
14. Greenberger (2023-12-18). Richard Hunt, Legendary Sculptor Whose Welded Creations Transform Space, Dies at 88 (en-US). ARTnews.com. Retrieved on 2023-12-26.
15. Patton (1998). African-American Art. Oxford University Press. 
16. Marter (2011). The Grove encyclopedia of American art. Oxford: New York: Oxford University Press. 
17. About Richard Hunt. Richardhuntsculptor.com. Retrieved on December 12, 2017. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "richardhuntstudio.com" defined multiple times with different content
18. Loving. "Richard Hunt: Voyage Through Modernism", Sculpture, International Sculpture Center, April 1, 2009. Retrieved on December 17, 2023. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "sc-1apr2009" defined multiple times with different content
19. "Richard Hunt, sculptor whose public works explored civil rights, dies aged 88", The Guardian, December 17, 2023. Retrieved on December 17, 2023."Richard Hunt, sculptor whose public works explored civil rights, dies aged 88". The Guardian. Associated Press. December 17, 2023. Retrieved December 17, 2023. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "guard-17dec2023" defined multiple times with different content
20. Stefanski. "Renowned Chicago sculptor Richard Hunt dies at 88", NBC Chicago, December 16, 2023. Retrieved on December 17, 2023.Stefanski, Matt (December 16, 2023). "Renowned Chicago sculptor Richard Hunt dies at 88". NBC Chicago. Retrieved December 17, 2023. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "nbcc-16dec2023" defined multiple times with different content
21. Castillo. "Renowned Chicago sculptor Richard Hunt dies at 88", WGN9, December 16, 2023. Retrieved on December 17, 2023.
22. Images of the Capstone. Howard University Libraries. Howard University. Archived from the original on December 8, 2010. Retrieved on December 12, 2017.
23. Resume. Richardhuntsculptor.com. Retrieved on December 12, 2017. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "richardhuntstudio.com1" defined multiple times with different content
24. Untitled – The Art Institute of Chicago. Artic.edu. Retrieved on December 12, 2017.
25. Richard Hunt in San Antonio (en-US). Vince Michael (March 21, 2021). Retrieved on April 3, 2021.
26. Richard Hunt (en). Smithsonian American Art Museum. Retrieved on December 5, 2017.
27. Glueck. "Metal Sculptures Bucking the Trends", The New York Times, 1997. Retrieved on November 19, 2017. (in en-US)
28. "About", Richard Hunt. Retrieved on November 16, 2017. (in en-US)
29. Richard Hunt's Jacob's Ladder. City of Chicago. Retrieved on December 17, 2023.
30. "RICHARD HUNT (1935–2023)", Artforum, December 18, 2023. Retrieved on December 18, 2023.
31. Richard Hunt (en-US). Greater Des Moines Public Art Foundation. Retrieved on October 19, 2022.
32. report (March 7, 2022). Richard Hunt, Woodlawn native and public sculptor, commissioned to make work for OPC (en). Hyde Park Herald. Retrieved on October 19, 2022.
33. MacMillan. "Two Exhibitions Celebrate Chicago Artist Richard Hunt", The Wall Street Journal, December 3, 2014.
34. Getlein (1990). Combining the root with the reach of black aspiration. Smithsonian, 60. 
35. Solomon. "White Cube Now Represents Richard Hunt, Totemic American Sculptor of the 20th Century", ARTnews, November 16, 2023. Retrieved on December 17, 2023.Solomon, Tessa (November 16, 2023). "White Cube Now Represents Richard Hunt, Totemic American Sculptor of the 20th Century". ARTnews. Retrieved December 17, 2023. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "an-16nov2023" defined multiple times with different content
36. Richard Hunt: Sixty Years of Sculpture. City of Chicago. Retrieved on December 17, 2023.
37. Richard Hunt: Inspiring Us All to Take Flight. Obama Foundation (February 28, 2022). Retrieved on December 17, 2023.
38. Ward. "Chicago artist Richard Hunt, sculptor of 'Hero Construction,' dies at 88", ABC7 Chicago, December 16, 2023. Retrieved on December 17, 2023.Ward, Tre (December 16, 2023). "Chicago artist Richard Hunt, sculptor of 'Hero Construction,' dies at 88". ABC7 Chicago. Retrieved December 17, 2023. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "abcc-16dec2023" defined multiple times with different content
39. Richard Hunt. Artbook. Retrieved on September 6, 2022.
40. Reynolds (September 6, 2022). From this day forward, 'Richard Hunt' is a book no serious art library can be without. artbook. Distributed Art Publishers, Inc.. Retrieved on December 17, 2023.
41. 16 Books to Gift Your Favorite Bibliophiles. Oprah Daily (November 11, 2022). Retrieved on November 15, 2022.
42. Getty Research Institute Acquires Richard Hunt Archive. Getty Research Institute. Retrieved on December 25, 2022.
43. The Sculpture of Richard Hunt. MoMA. Retrieved on December 17, 2023.
44. Richard Hunt: Scholar's Rock or Stone of Hope or Love of Bronze. Art Institute of Chicago. Retrieved on December 17, 2023.
45. The Sculpture of Richard Hunt. MoMA.
46. Smith. "Richard Hunt, Sculptor Who Transformed Public Spaces, Dies at 88", The New York Times, December 17, 2023, pp. A21. Retrieved on December 17, 2023. (in en-US)
47. Alonso (December 18, 2023). Chicago sculptor Richard Hunt dies, aged 88 (en). CNN. Retrieved on December 18, 2023.
48. Richard Hunt (en-US). John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation. Retrieved on December 17, 2023.
49. The ISC Honors Richard Hunt with 2009 Lifetime Achievement Award. International Sculpture Center (December 1, 2008). Retrieved on December 17, 2023.
50. Reich. "City announces winners of new 'Fifth Star' cultural awards", Chicago Tribune, August 13, 2014. Retrieved on December 17, 2023.
51. Legends and Legacy Award: Richard Hunt. The Art Institute of Chicago (June 9, 2022). Retrieved on July 23, 2022.
52. First Lady MK Pritzker Opens Her Door to Illinois' Cultural Community, Honors Artist Richard Hunt. Illinois.gov. State of Illinois (April 20, 2023). Retrieved on December 17, 2023.
53. Hero Construction. Art Institute of Chicago. Retrieved on December 17, 2023.
54. Swing Low. National Museum of African American History and Culture. Smithsonian. Retrieved on December 17, 2023.
55. Richard Hunt: Artist Info, Works. National Gallery of Art. Retrieved on December 26, 2023.

Ebe e si nweta ya

• Payne (1997). "The Life and Art of Richard Hunt". Newsday (January 9): Sect. B, pp. 6–7, 23. 
• Brockington (1997). "Richard Hunt, The Studio Museum in Harlem". Review (January 15): 10–12. 
• Schmerler (October 1997). "Richard Hunt, The Studio Museum in Harlem". Sculpture: 54–55. 
• Baltimore Museum of Art, na Jay McKean Fisher. Ihe osise nke onye na-ese ihe: Richard Hunt. Baltimore: Baltimore Museum of Art, 1979.
• Castro (May–June 1998). "Richard Hunt: Freeing the Human Soul". Sculpture: 34–39. Retrieved on February 28, 2009.