Tunde King

mmádu
ụdịekere	nwoke
mba o sị	Naijiria
aha enyere	Tunde
aha ezinụlọ ya	King
ụbọchị ọmụmụ ya	24 Ọgọọst 1910
Ebe ọmụmụ	Lagos Island
Ụbọchị ọnwụ ya	1980
Asụsụ obodo	Asụsụ Yoruba
asụsụ ọ na-asụ, na-ede ma ọ bụ were na-ebinye aka	Bekee, Asụsụ Yoruba, pidgin Naịjirịa
ọrụ ọ na-arụ	guitarist
ebe agụmakwụkwọ	Eko Boys High School
agbụrụ	Ndi Yoruba

Tunde King (amụrụ 24 Ọgọst 1910), bụ onye egwu Naijiria nke ekwuru dị ka onye malitere egwu Jùjú. O nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu n'egwú ndị Nigeria na-ewu ewu. Lagos na 1920s na 1930s jupụtara na ngwakọta nke ndị Yoruba na ndị si na New World lọta. Ha jikọrọ aka mepụta ụdị egwu akpọrọ "Palm Wine" nke jikọtara egwu ọdịnala Yoruba na okwu egwu sitere na mba ndị dị ka Brazil na Cuba. Banjos, guitar, shakers na drum aka kwadoro abụ ndị na-ekwu maka ndụ kwa ụbọchị.^[1] Egwú Jùjú bụ ụdị egwu Palm Wine nke malitere na mpaghara Olowogbowo nke Lagos n'afọ 1920, n'ụlọ ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ n'ụgbọ ala ebe "ụmụ nwoke mpaghara" na-ezukọta iji ṅụọ ma mee egwu. Tunde King bụ onye ndú nke otu a.^[2]

Ndụ

A mụrụ Abdulrafiu Babatunde King na mpaghara Olowogbowo nke Saro na-achịkwa n'àgwàetiti Lagos na 24 Ọgọst 1910. Ọ bụ nwa Ibrahim Sanni King, onye otu ndị Alakụba Saro. Nna ya bụ onye isi odeakwụkwọ nke Native Court na Ilaro, ma biri ruo oge ụfọdụ na Fourah Bay, Sierra Leone.^[3]

Tunde King gara ụlọ akwụkwọ praịmarị Metọdist na Eko Boys High School. Otu nwa akwụkwọ ibe ya kụziiri ya ịkpọ ụbọ akwara, ọ ghọkwara onye isi otu "ụmụ nwoke mpaghara" nke nọ n'ụlọ ahịa onye na-arụ ọrụ na West Balogun Street. Ìgwè ahụ kwuru okwu, ṅụọ biya ma bụrụ abụ, tinyere ngwá egwú ndị a na-eme n'oge na-adịghị anya. Ka ọ na-erule 1929, King nwere ọrụ ụkọchukwu ma na-arụkwa ọrụ nwa oge dị ka onye na-agụ egwú na onye na-akpọ ụbọ akwara na mmadụ atọ gụnyere ụbọ akhara, samba na maracas, mgbe e mesịrị gbanwee na tambourine, guitar-banjo. na jaker (shaker). Ka ọ na-erule n'etiti afọ 1930, ọ nwere ihe ịga nke ọma, na ọtụtụ ndekọ na mgbasa ozi redio, mana ọ ka na-adabere na arụmọrụ dị ndụ iji nweta ihe oriri, mgbe mgbe na mmemme onwe onye.^[3] Dịka ọmụmaatụ, King gbara egwu na nzaghachi nke dọkịta a ma ama Oguntola Sapara na June 1935.^[4]

Mgbe Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ tiwapụrụ na 1939, Tunde King sonyeere ndị Merchant Marines. Ọ laghachiri Lagos n'afọ 1941, wee pụọ n'anya maka afọ iri na otu sochirinụ. A chọtara ya ọzọ na-egwuri egwu na ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri Francophone dị ka Conakry na Dakar, wee laghachi Lagos na 1954. Ọ nwụrụ n'afọ ndị 1980.^[3]

Egwú

Ụdị egwu Jùjú nke guitar na-agwakọta ihe ndị Afrịka dịka Yoruba na-ekwu okwu na mmetụta Western na Afro-Cuban.^[5] Tunde King na-ekwu na aha "Jùjú" n'onwe ya malitere mgbe ọ zụrụ ụbọ akwara n'ụlọ ahịa Salvation Army, nke o nyere onye na-akụ ya Samba. Onye na-akụ ọkpọ ahụ mepụtara ụdị dị egwu nke gụnyere ịtụba ọkpọkọ n'ime ikuku ma jide ya, nke ndị na-ege ntị kpọrọ Jù-jú, na-emegharị okwu Yoruba maka "ịtụba" na ụda olu.^[6]

Ndị atọ ya gbasaa n'ime quartet, na King na guitar-banjo isii na olu, Ishola Caxton Martins na jenti (gourde rattle), Ahmeed Lamidi George na tambourine na Sanya ("Snake") Johnson na tomtom na olu nkwado. Ndị otu ahụ mepụtara ụda dị nro nke kwadoro guitar na olu na-aga n'ihu n'ụzọ dị mfe.^[7]

N'afọ ndị 1930, Naịjirịa bụ ógbè ndị Britain. Onye Naijiria nwere ike ịga ebe ahụ, mana ọ gaghị aga n'ihu, na gọọmentị ma ọ bụ na azụmaahịa, n'agbanyeghị ikike ma ọ bụ iru eru. Tunde King gosipụtara mmetụta na-ewu ewu n'abụ ya. N'ime "Oba Oyinbo", o mere emume ịrịgo nke Eze George nke Isii nke Britain, na-ekwu n'ụzọ dị jụụ "Anyị nwere nna . Eze George bụ nna anyị. Nwoke ọcha Cameron (gọvanọ) bụ nna anyị.." N'abụ ndị a na-edeghị, ọ gara n'ihu, na-ekwupụta iwe n'ụzọ doro anya. Abụ "Soja Idunmota" na-akọwa ihe ncheta nke onye agha ọcha na onye na-ebu ya, onye isi ya na-akwụnye ala, na-asị "N'ụzọ obi ọjọọ, ha echefu ụmụ mmadụ". N'abụ "Eti Joluwe" o kwuru na ọ ka mma maka ndị Yoruba ịrụ ọrụ maka onwe ha karịa maka gọọmentị.^[3]

Ihe ndekọ

Parlophone nke otu EMI mere egwu Jùjú, malite na 1936, wepụtara na diski shellac 78rpm. Tunde King wepụtara ọtụtụ n'ime ihe ndekọ ndị a gụnyere "Eko Akete" na "Oba Oyinbo" ("Eze Europe"). A kwụrụ ya naanị obere ego iji dekọọ ntọhapụ ọ bụla, ma nweta obere ego site na royalties. Otú ọ dị, ihe ndekọ ahụ dị mkpa iji guzobe aha ya.^[3]^[6] Ihe ndekọ ndị ọzọ gụnyere "Sapara ti sajule orun", "Dunia (Ameda) " na "Ojuola lojo agan". N'ozuzu, o mere ihe karịrị ndekọ 30.^[7] Abụọ n'ime ihe ndekọ ya, "Oba Oyinbo" na "Dunia" gụnyere na CD Juju Roots: 1930s-1950s, nke Rounder Records wepụtara na Jenụwarị 1985.^[5]

Ihe Nketa

Egwú Tunde King metụtara ndị ọgbọ ya, yana ndị na-egwu egwu mgbe e mesịrị dị ka Akanbi Ege, Ayinde Bakare, Tunde Nightingale na Ojoge Daniel na 1940s, ndị na-akpọ egwu na 1960s dị ka King Sunny Adé na Chief Commander Ebenezer Obey, bụ ndị webatara ụbọ eletrik, kpakpando 1970s dị ka General Prince Adekunle ma gaa n'ihu na-enwe mmetụta dị ukwuu n'ime afọ 1980, mgbe kpakpando dị ka Sir Shina Peters na Segun Adewale na-akpọ ụdị Jùjú nke oge a.^[5]

Ihe odide

↑ Juju music. National Geographic. Archived from the original on 4 January 2011. Retrieved on 2009-11-01.
↑ Afolabi Alaja-Browne (1989). "A diachronic study of change in Juju music". Popular Music 8 (3): 231–242.
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 ^3.4 Christopher Alan Waterman (1990). Jùjú: a social history and ethnography of an African popular music. University of Chicago Pressed. ISBN 978-0-226-87465-4. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "waterman" defined multiple times with different content
↑ Stephen Blum (1993). Ethnomusicology and modern music history. University of Illinois Press. ISBN 978-0-252-06343-5.
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 Juju Roots: 1930s-1950s. Rounder Records. Archived from the original on 24 May 2006. Retrieved on 2009-11-01. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "rounder" defined multiple times with different content
↑ ^6.0 ^6.1 Palm Wine is Truly Old or New. Glendora Review Vol 3 No.2. Retrieved on 2009-11-01. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "glendora" defined multiple times with different content
↑ ^7.0 ^7.1 Benson Idonije (2 April 2008). Salute to Tunde King, pioneer of juju music. The Guardian. Archived from the original on 21 February 2013. Retrieved on 2009-11-02. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "guardian" defined multiple times with different content

[natgeo-1] Juju music. National Geographic. Archived from the original on 4 January 2011. Retrieved on 2009-11-01.

[2] Afolabi Alaja-Browne (1989). "A diachronic study of change in Juju music". Popular Music 8 (3): 231–242.

[waterman-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 ^3.4 Christopher Alan Waterman (1990). Jùjú: a social history and ethnography of an African popular music. University of Chicago Pressed. ISBN 978-0-226-87465-4. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "waterman" defined multiple times with different content

[4] Stephen Blum (1993). Ethnomusicology and modern music history. University of Illinois Press. ISBN 978-0-252-06343-5.

[rounder-5] 5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 Juju Roots: 1930s-1950s. Rounder Records. Archived from the original on 24 May 2006. Retrieved on 2009-11-01. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "rounder" defined multiple times with different content

[glendora-6] 6.0 ^6.1 Palm Wine is Truly Old or New. Glendora Review Vol 3 No.2. Retrieved on 2009-11-01. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "glendora" defined multiple times with different content

[guardian-7] 7.0 ^7.1 Benson Idonije (2 April 2008). Salute to Tunde King, pioneer of juju music. The Guardian. Archived from the original on 21 February 2013. Retrieved on 2009-11-02. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "guardian" defined multiple times with different content

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