Xala

 

Xala (wowo[ˈxala], Wolof maka "enweghị ike mmekọahụ nwa oge" ^[1]) bụ ihe nkiri Senegalese nke 1975 nke Ousmane Sembène duziri. woỌ bụ mgbanwe nke akwụkwọ akụkọ Sembène nke 1973 nke otu aha ahụ. Ihe nkiri ahụ gosipụtara El Hadji, onye ọchụnta na ego bara ọgaranya na Senegal, onye a bụrụ ọnụ n'ụbọchị ọ lụrụ nwunye ya nke atọ; nke ahụ nwere ike ịgwọ ya site n'iwepụ ọtọ n'ihu ndị dị ala nke ọha mmadụ ma mee ka ha gbasaa ya.^[2] Ihe nkiri ahụ na-akọwa nrụrụ aka na gọọmentị ndị Afrịka na-esote nnwere onwe; Enweghị ike El Hadji na-egosi ọdịda nke gọọmentị dị otú ahụ iji baa uru ma ọlị.^[3]

Atụmatụ

El Hadji Abdoukader Beye, onye ọchụnta ego Senegalese na onye Alakụba, na-alụ nwunye nke atọ, si otú a na-egosi ihe ịga nke ọma ya na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya. N'abalị agbamakwụkwọ ahụ, ọ chọpụtara na ya enweghị ike imezu alụmdi na nwunye ahụ; ọ ghọwo onye na-enweghị ike. Na mbido, ọ na-enyo enyo na otu ma ọ bụ abụọ n'ime ndị nwunye ya abụọ ikpeazụ nke oru oge usoro Ahia igosi gị faịlụ ndekọ mbụ etinyela ya ọgwụ, n'amaghị na ọ na-agafe ezigbo onye ikpe mara kwa ụbọchị (ndị na-arịọ arịrịọ na ndị ọ zuru ohi). Ọtụtụ n'ime njem ya na-eduga n'ọtụtụ mgbalị iji wepụ ọgwụgwọ ahụ, naanị ka ọ ghara ịchọpụta na alaeze azụmahịa ya na-ada gburugburu ya. Ihe nkiri ahụ na-akatọ àgwà ndị isi Afrịka mgbe nnwere onwe gasịrị, na-ekwusi ike na anyaukwu ha na enweghị ike ịpụ na mmetụta mba ọzọ.^[4] N'ikpeazụ, mgbe ọ tụfuru ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ihe niile, ndị o zuuru na-eche ya ihu, ma na-enye ha iwepụ ọgwụ ahụ - maka ụgwọ.

Ihe odide

• El Hadji Abdoukader Beye, onye ọchụnta ego Senegal
• Rama, nwa nwanyị Beye na nwunye mbụ ya
• Adja Awa Astou, nwunye mbụ Beye
• Oumi Ndoye, nwunye nke abụọ
• Ngoné, nwunye nke atọ
• Modu, onye ọkwọ ụgbọala El Hadji
• Sérigne Mada, marabout
• Onye isi oche nke ụlọ ọrụ azụmahịa
• Dupont-Durand, onye na-elekọta onye isi ala

Ntọhapụ

A tọhapụrụ Xala na Moscow Film Festival na July 1975.

Xala nwetara vidiyo n'ụlọ n'afọ 2005. A naghịzi ebipụta DVD ahụ ruo oge ụfọdụ.

Nnakwere

Mmeghachi omume

Nkatọ

Aaron Mushengyezi dere, sị: "M na-ekwu na na Xala, ọ na-ewelite esemokwu abụọ nwere nsogbu: n'etiti nrụrụ aka na ọdịda nke mmetụta mba ọzọ na ịdị ọcha na omume ọma nke ọdịnala Afrịka, nke mbụ na-anọchite anya dị ka 'na-emebi' na na nke ikpeazụ 'nnupụisi'; na n'etiti ụmụ nwanyị siri ike, ndị na etolite ebighebi na na-emetụ ememe ncheta mgbanwe na ndị ajọ mmadụ, ndị na' adịghị ike, 'ndị inyom'. ^[5]

Echiche ọzọ nke ndị ọkà mmụta sitere n'aka Harriet D. Lyons: "M ga-ekwu na n'ọrụ Sembene, "ihe nzuzo" nke ihe ndị mmadụ mata ọrụ pụrụ ntakịrị ahụ na-erizi ụmụ nwanyị na-ewere ụdị mgbochi nke nkọwa zuru ezu jikọtara ya na njigide nke ụkpụrụ ndị dị mkpa. Sembene si otú a nwee ike iji ihe ndị mmadụ mee ihe n'ụzọ ga-enye ọrụ ahụ mmetụta ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke gafere ichekwa na / ma ọ bụ imelite ọdịnala mpaghara. Ya mere, mmadụ nwere ike nyochaa ihe ndị dị na Xala n'atụghị egwu itinye ihe ọzọ nke ihe okike Africa na ebe ngosi nka oge ochie. ^[6]

Onyinye

E tinyere ihe nkiri ahụ na 9th Moscow International Film Festival Ememe Ntanetị Mba. ^[7]

Emume ihe nkiri mba ụwa nke Karlovy Vary 1976

Ihe nkiri ahụ nọ n'ọkwa #83 na magazin Empire "The 100 Best Films of World Cinemaihe nkiri kachasị mma nke cinima ụwa" na 2010. ^[8]

Hụkwa

• Ihe nkiri nke Senegal

Nrutụaka

1. Xala. filmreference.com. Retrieved on 2012-08-11.
2. Ousmane (1973). Xala. 
3. Malcolm (21 December 2000). Ousmane Sembene: Xala. Century of Films. The Guardian. Retrieved on 2012-07-11.
4. FCAT
5. Mushengyezi (2004). "Reimaging Gender and African Tradition? Ousmane Sembène's Xala Revisited". Africa Today 51 (1): 47–62. DOI:10.1353/at.2004.0070. 
6. Lyons (1984). "The Uses of Ritual in Sembene's Xala". Canadian Journal of African Studies 18 (2): 319–328. DOI:10.2307/484332. 
7. 9th Moscow International Film Festival (1975). MIFF. Archived from the original on January 16, 2013. Retrieved on 2013-01-06.
8. (23 September 2019) "The 100 Best Films Of World Cinema | 83. Xala". Empire. Retrieved on 2022-03-01.