Z. K. Matthews

 Zachariah Keodirelang Matthews OLG (20 Ọktoba 1901 - 11 Mee 1968 [1]) bụ onye isi ojii ama ama na South Africa, na-akụzi nkuzi na South African Native College (nke akpọrọ Mahadum Fort Hare na 1955), bụ ebe ọtụtụ ndị isi na kọntinent Africa n'ọdịnihu so na ụmụ akwụkwọ ya.

Ndụ

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Afọ ndị mbụ

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Z.K. A mụrụ Matthews na Winter's Rush dị nso na Kimberley na 1901, nwa nwoke nke onye ọrụ ogbunigwe Bamangwato. Z.K. tolitere na Kimberley mepere emepe, mana ọ nọgidere na-enwe mmekọrịta chiri anya na ndị ikwu Barolong nke nne ya. Ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị Mission na Cape Cape ebe ọ gara Lovedale. Mgbe Lovedale gachara, ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na South African Native College na Fort Hare, na 1923 o dere ule mpụga nke Mahadum South Africa.

N'afọ 1924, a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye isi ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na Adams College na Natal, ebe Albert Luthuli bụkwa onye nkuzi.[2] Ya na Luthuli gara nzukọ nke Durban Joint Council ma nwee ọfịs na Natal Teacher's Association, nke o mechara bụrụ onye isi oche.

Ọ bụ mgbe ọ nọ na Natal, na 1928, ka ọ lụrụ Frieda Bokwe, ada John Knox Bokwe, onye ọ zutere dị ka nwa akwụkwọ na Fort Hare. A mụrụ nwa ha nwoke, Joe na 1929 na Durban.[3]

Na 1930, ka ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na nzuzo, Matthews nwetara akara ugo mmụta LLB na South Africa, nzere mahadum South Africa nyere ya ọzọ. A nabatara ya dị ka onye ọka iwu ma mee ya obere oge na Alice. Na 1933, a kpọrọ ya ka ọ gụọ akwụkwọ na Mahadum Yale dị na United States, ebe ahụ n'afọ na-esote ọ gụchara MA. Ọ gara n'ihu nọrọ otu afọ na London School of Economics ebe ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ gbasara mmadụ n'okpuru Bronisław Malinowski.

Ọ laghachiri South Africa na 1935 ma na 1936 a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye nkuzi na Social Anthropology na Native Law and Administration na Mahadum Fort Hare. Mgbe Davidson Don Tengo Jabavu lara ezumike nká na 1944, e buliri Matthews ka ọ bụrụ Prọfesọ wee bụrụ onye isi nke Ngalaba Ọmụmụ Africa nke Fort Hare.

Mgbalị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị

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Matthews ejighị onwe ya naanị n'ọmụmụ ihe agụmakwụkwọ; ọ jikọtara ọmụmụ ya banyere nkà mmụta ihe ọmụmụ na iwu na itinye aka na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. Ọ chọtara ezi ụlọ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ya na ANC. Ọ na Sol Plaatje, bụ́ nnukwu onye ikwu ya na-aga ọmụmụ ihe mgbe ọ bụ nwata, ma ọ bụ nanị na 1940 ka ọ ghọrọ onye òtù nke òtù ahụ. N'afọ 1943, a họpụtara ya na Kọmitii Executive nke Mba ma n'otu oge ahụ ọ ghọrọ onye òtù nke Native Representative Council, otu ndụmọdụ naanị nke a kagburu dị ka "ihe eji egwuri egwu ekwentị" na nke Z.K. hụrụ n'ozuzu ya na-akụda mmụọ, ọ bụ ezie na ọ hụrụ na imeso Native Education Act nke 1945 bụ "ahụmahụ bara uru" ọ bụghị maka usoro ahụ kama maka ndị ọ zutere. Na June 1949, Matthews nọchiri James Calata dị ka onye isi ala nke ANC na Cape.

Na June 1952, na mbido mkpọsa Defiance, ọ hapụrụ South Africa, wee were ọnọdụ dị ka prọfesọ nleta na Union Theological Seminary nke New York.

Ọ laghachiri n'ụlọ na May 1953, ma ọ bụ ezie na ọ nọghị na Congress of People na 1955, o nyeere Lionel "Rusty" Bernstein aka n'ịmepụta akwụkwọ ikike nnwere onwe nke a nabatara n'ebe ahụ. Denis Goldberg kwadoro ya na ọ bụ otu n'ime ihe ndị na-akpata atụmatụ maka ikpokọta na idekọ ọchịchọ nke ndị mmadụ maka Charter.[4]

E jidere Matthews na Disemba 1956 ma bụrụ otu n'ime ndị a na-ebo ebubo na Trial Treason. Mgbe a tọhapụrụ ya n'ikpe ahụ na ngwụcha afọ 1958, ọ laghachiri na Fort Hare, mana ọ gbara arụkwaghịm n'ọkwa ya iji mee mkpesa megide iwu nke belatara mahadum ahụ ka ọ bụrụ kọleji agbụrụ maka naanị ndị Xhosa.

N'afọ 1961, ọ kwagara Geneva ka ọ bụrụ odeakwụkwọ nke ngalaba Africa nke World Council of Churches.

Na 1966, ọ nabatara ọkwa nke onye nnọchi anya Botswana e hibere ọhụrụ na United States wee nwụọ n'ebe ahụ na Washington na 11 Mee 1968.

Akwụkwọ ndị a họọrọ

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  • Ọmụmụ Ihe Ọhụrụ nke Ụmụ Amaala, Ilanga lase Natal, November 4, 11, 1927
  • Iwu Bantu na Ọdịda Anyanwụ Ọdịda Na South Africa: Nnyocha na Agha nke Ọdịbendị Mahadum Yale, 1934. Akwụkwọ edemede Master of Arts.
  • A Short History of the Tshidi Barolong, Fort Hare Papers, mpịakọta. 1 nke 1, June 1945
  • Okwu mbido, na Responsible Government in a Revolutionary Age, [ed.] Z. K. Matthews, Association Press, New York, 1966.
  • Nnwere Onwe Maka Ndị M, Cape Town: Collings, 1981. (E bipụtara ya mgbe ọ nwụsịrị na 1981)
  • Afrịka nwere nke ya. Nkwado maka agbụrụ Bantu na omenala mba na Imperial Protectorates na Union of South Africa. Site na W. Bryant Mumford. na mmekorita ya na Hugh Ashton. Z.K. Matthews.[and]
  • African awakening na mahadum, Cape Town University of Cape Town, 1961.

Hụkwa

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Ihe odide

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  1. ↑ Programme for the Memorial Service at Church Center for the United Nations, May 20, 1968; also on Matthews' grave in Gaborone.
  2. ↑ Rich (1993). Hope and despair : English-speaking intellectuals and South African politics : 1896-1976. London u.a.: British Acad. Press. ISBN 1850434891. 
  3. ↑ Former deputy minister Joe Matthews dies Mail & Guardian, 19 August 2010
  4. ↑ Goldberg (2016). A Life for Freedom. University Press of Kentucky, 43–44. 

Njikọ mpụga

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