Ọ dịghị onye ọzọ

 

Ọ dịghị onye ọzọ

Ni una menos (   ; Spanish maka “Onweghị otu [nwanyị] obere”) bụ ngagharị nke nwanyị nke anọ nke Latin America[1][2] grassroots[3], nke malitere na Argentina ma gbasaa n'ọtụtụ mba Latin America, na mkpọsa megide ime ihe ike dabere na nwoke. Mkpokọta ọnụ ọgụgụ a na-abịa dị ka nzaghachi nye nsogbu usoro dị iche iche na-eme ka ime ihe ike megide ụmụ nwanyị. Na webụsaịtị gọọmentị ya, Ni una menos na-akọwa onwe ya dị ka “mkpọkọta iti mkpu megide ime ihe ike machista.”[4] Mgbasa ozi a bụ ndị otu ndị na-ese ihe nwanyị Argentine, ndị nta akụkọ na ndị agụmakwụkwọ malitere, wee ghọọ “njikọ kọntinent nke ndị agha nwanyị. "[5] Mgbasa ozi ọha na eze bụ ihe dị mkpa na mgbasa nke Ni Una Menos ije na mba na mpaghara ndị ọzọ. Ntugharị a na-eme ngagharị iwe mgbe niile megide ụmụ nwanyị, mana emetụlakwa isiokwu dị ka ọrụ nwoke na nwanyị, iyi egwu mmekọahụ, ọdịiche ụgwọ nwoke na nwanyị, mmegide mmekọahụ, iwu nke ite ime, ikike ndị ọrụ mmekọahụ na ikike transgender.

Otu a na-ewere aha ya site na ahịrịokwu 1995 nke onye na-ede uri na onye na-eme ihe ike na Mexico bụ Susana Chávez, "Ni una muerta más" (Spanish maka "Ọ dịghị onye ọzọ [nwanyi] nwụrụ anwụ"), iji mee mkpesa maka igbu ọchụ ụmụ nwanyị na Ciudad Juárez. E gburu Chávez n'onwe ya n'afọ 2011, oge nke ahịrịokwu ahụ ghọrọ "ihe nnọchianya nke ọgụ". [1][2]

Ihe gbara ya gburugburu maka mmalite nke mmegharị

[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Latin America nwere nnukwu ọnụ ọgụgụ nke igbu nwanyị, ma ọ bụ igbu nwanyị; opekata mpe ụmụ nwanyị 12 na-ata ahụhụ site na ime ihe ike dabere na nwoke kwa ụbọchị. Na mgbakwunye, enwere ike ịhụ mba 14 n'ime mba 25 nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ kacha elu nke ime ihe ike dabere na Latin America.[8] Ndị ọgbọ mbụ a na-eme ụdị ihe ike a bụ ụmụ agbọghọ ndị dị afọ 15 ruo 29.[9] Enwere ike ịkọwa ime ihe ike dabere na nwoke na nwanyị dị ka ụzọ dị iche iche iji mee ka ụmụ nwanyị nọrọ n'ọnọdụ dị n'okpuru ọha.[10] Ọnọdụ na ụzọ isi mee ihe ike nwere ike ịdịgasị iche nke ukwuu. Dị ka ihe atụ, ha pụrụ ịgụnye site n’ịgbu mmadụ n’ebe a na-alụ agha obodo ruo n’ịbụ ndị a tụrụ ụra n’ebe obibi dị jụụ. Ọzọkwa, ịkọwapụta ndị e gburu nwanyị dịtụ iche na ndị inyom e gburu egbu. Maka ikpe a ga-ekewa dị ka igbu nwanyị, a na-egbu ndị a metụtara n'ihi okike ha.[11] Ka o sina dị, ọnụ ọgụgụ a nwere ike ịdị elu ma dị njọ karịa n'ihi na ịnakọta data ziri ezi siri ike. Usoro a na-ebute ọtụtụ ihe mgbochi n'ịhazi omume nke nwere ike ichekwa ụmụ nwanyị na ime ihe ike dabere na nwoke. [3]

Ihe na-emetụta oke ime ihe ike metụtara nwoke na nwanyị na Latin America bụ ahaghị nhata nke nwoke na nwanyị. Na Latin America, ụmụ nwanyị na-enwekarị nsogbu ọha na eze na akụ na ụba ma e jiri ya tụnyere ụmụ nwanyị nọ na North America na Western Europe.[12] Nke a nwere ike na-adịgide adịgide ebe ụmụ nwanyị nwere ike ịnọgide na mmekọrịta ebe ha na-enwe mmegbu ma ọ bụ ime ihe ike.

Ọzọkwa, ọtụtụ ndị inyom na-arụtụ aka na ime ihe ike ụlọ ọrụ dịka ihe na-eme ka ime ihe ike dabere na nwoke na nwanyị. Ha na-ekwu maka enweghị ntaramahụhụ maka ụmụ nwoke nọ n'ime ụlọ ọrụ iwu dịka usoro na-egbochi ụmụ nwanyị inweta ikpe ziri ezi.[13] Ha na-arụ ụka na a na-ewu usoro iwu ka ụmụ nwanyị nwee ihe mgbochi ma ọ bụ na-echebe ha n'ụzọ na-ekwesịghị ekwesị pụọ na ime ihe ike. Ndị nchọpụta ekpebiela na ọ̀tụ̀tụ̀ ntaramahụhụ e nwere ná mba bụ́ ihe na-egosi n’ụzọ ziri ezi nke ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị na-egbu ụmụ nwanyị dị elu karị.[4]

N'aka nke ọzọ, nwoke na-egbu egbu, ma ọ bụ machismo, jupụtara na Latin America. Echiche ndị a na-ezo aka n'echiche na ụmụ nwoke siri ike karịa ụmụ nwanyị ma na-achịkwa iji chebe ha. Otú ọ dị, ha na-ejikarị nkwupụta na-eme ihe ike na nke gabigara ókè banyere nwoke nke nwere ike ịsụgharị ka ọ bụrụ ọchịchọ maka ịkpa ókè nwoke na nwanyị na ime ihe ike nwoke na nwanyị.[5]

N'ikpeazụ, ime ihe ike dabere na nwoke na nwanyị bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị n'ógbè ndị na-enwekarị ihe ike na ndị otu. A na-eji ime ihe ike megide ahụ nwanyị dị ka ngwá ọrụ iji kwado njikwa na ịchịkwa.[6] Ọzọkwa, ka ndị na-ere ahịa na-agbasa, ha na-amalite ịbanye n'omume karịrị ọgwụ ọjọọ, gụnyere iji mmekọahụ eme ihe na ịzụ ahịa.[7] Ọzọkwa, ọ na-ekwughachi echiche nke machismo na nrubeisi nwanyị. Ụkpụrụ ndị a jupụtara na Latin America n'ihi oke ọgwụ ọjọọ na ime ihe ike. Na Central America, ihe dị ka mmadụ 600,000 na-agba ọsọ n'ime ụlọ n'ihi ime ihe ike nke òtù.[6] N'aka nke ọzọ, ọkwa ime ihe ike gafee mpaghara ahụ anọwo na-abawanye n'ime afọ ole na ole gara aga.[8]

N'ofe Latin America

[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Argentina

[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Ni Una Menos na-eme ngagharị iwe na Argentina na 2018. A na-ejikarị akwa aka na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ eme ihe iji gosipụta nkwado maka iwu ime afọ ime.[9]

A mụrụ òtù Ni Una Menos na Argentina. A haziri ngagharị iwe ahụ mgbe e gbusịrị Chiara Paez dị afọ iri na anọ, nke e liri n'okpuru ụlọ enyi ya nwoke na Mee 11, 2015, n'ihi na ọ chọrọ idebe nwa ahụ ma ọ bụghị, ya mere ọ kụrụ ya ihe ruo ọnwụ mgbe ọ dị izu ole na ole.[10] Ha nwere ike ịhazi mmadụ 200,000 na Buenos Aires naanị.[11] A na-emegharị òtù ahụ dị ka mmegide megide igbu ọchụ ụmụ nwanyị na ime ihe ike megide ụmụ nwanyị, mana ha ekwughị okwu ndị ọzọ na-ese okwu na mbụ.[12] A pụrụ ịsụgharị aha Ni Una Menos ka ọ bụrụ "Ọ bụghị otu [Nwanyị] na-erughị". Nke a na-ezo aka n'ịchọghị ka ụmụ nwanyị ọ bụla nwụọ n'ihi ime ihe ike dabere na okike. A matara mmegharị ahụ na mba niile site na iji hashtag #NiUnaMenos na mgbasa ozi mmekọrịta, aha nke e mere nnukwu ngagharị iwe na June 3, 2015, na-enwe Obí nke National Congress nke Argentina dị ka isi ebe nzukọ.[12] Kemgbe #NiUnaMenos mbụ na 2015, a na-eme ngagharị iwe kwa afọ na Argentina na June 3. Ọzọkwa, òtù ahụ anọgidewo na-agbasa na mba na mpaghara ndị ọzọ n'ihi ọnụnọ dijitalụ ya siri ike.[13] Mgbasawanye mba niile site na iji mgbasa ozi mmekọrịta mgbe amụrụ òtù ahụ na Argentina emeela ka ebe dị iche iche kwekọọ na mkpa obodo ha ka ha na-enwe mmetụta nke ịdị n'otu.

N'abalị iri na itoolu n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2016, ndị Ni una menos haziri ngagharị iwe ụmụ nwanyị mbụ n'Argentina, iji meghachi omume na ogbugbu Lucía Pérez dị afọ iri na isii, onye e dinara n'ike ma kpọgide ya n'obodo Mar del Plata dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri.[14][15] Ọ bụ otu awa ezumike site n'ọrụ na ịmụ ihe n'ehihie, na ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe yi uwe iru uju maka ihe a maara dị ka Miércoles negro (Spanish maka "Black Wednesday"). Ngagharị iwe ndị a ghọrọ mpaghara niile ma nye òtù ahụ ume ka ukwuu n'ụwa niile, na ngagharị iwe n'okporo ámá na-ewere ọnọdụ na Chile, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay, El Salvador, Guatemala, Mexico na Spain.[16][17]

Dị ka nsonaazụ kpọmkwem nke ngagharị iwe Ni Una Menos, e mepụtara Registry of Femicides na Centre for the Registration, Systematisation, and Monitoring of Feminicides iji debe ndekọ ka mma nke ime ihe ike dabere na nwoke na nwanyị. Gọọmentị guzobekwara Ministry for Women, Gender, and Diversity.[18] Ọzọkwa, a na-ekwu na ngagharị iwe Ni Una Menos na Argentina bụ ihe na-akpali ime ka afọ ime nke atọ mbụ bụrụ iwu kwadoro na Disemba 30, 2020. [19] Òtù ahụ si n'ọrụ mbụ ha iji lụso ime ihe ike megide ụmụ nwanyị ọgụ ma nabata ikike ite ime dị ka isi okwu n'ime òtù ahụ. Nnukwu ngagharị iwe ahụ mere ka ite ime bụrụ isiokwu dị mkpa na ndị omeiwu Argentina ma mee ka ọtụtụ ndị mmadụ kwado nkwado iwu ya.[20]

Peru

[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Ni Una Menos na-eme ngagharị iwe na Peru.

Na Peru, ihe karịrị 30% nke ụmụ nwanyị na-akọ na ha na-ata ahụhụ n'aka di ha n'oge ndụ ha.[21] Ọzọkwa, na nyocha nke 2006 World Health Organization, ha chọpụtara na Peru nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ kachasị elu nke ime ihe ike na mpaghara ahụ na 61% na-akọ na ime ihe ike nwere ime ihe ike n'aka onye mmekọ.[22] A malitere òtù NiUnaMenos (Peru) na July 2016 mgbe a tọhapụrụ Adriano Pozo Arias, onye a ma ama na-emegbu mmadụ, n'ụlọ mkpọrọ. Vidio na-egosi ya ka ọ na-awakpo enyi ya nwanyị, Cindy Arlette Contreras Bautista. A mara ya ikpe ma ziga ya n'ụlọ mkpọrọ mana ọ nọrọ naanị otu afọ. Ikpe ọzọ nke kpaliri ndị Peruvian ime ihe bụ mgbe Ronny Garcia meriri Lady Guillen.[23] A mara ngagharị iwe ahụ mere n'abalị iri na atọ n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 2016 dị ka ngagharị iwe kachasị ukwuu n'akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Peru na ọtụtụ narị puku mmadụ bịara na Lima.[24] A kpọkọtara ndị mmadụ ma hazie usoro njem ahụ na Facebook ka esemokwu na nkụda mmụọ banyere ọkwa dị elu nke igbu ụmụ nwanyị na enweghị mmeghachi omume siri ike nke steeti na nsogbu a mụbara.[23] E nweela ngagharị iwe Ni Una Menos na Peru na 2017 na 2018.[25][26]

Na Peru, enwere mmegide dị ukwuu megide nnabata nke ikike ite ime dị ka nsogbu Ni Una Menos na-akwado. Kadinal Juan Luis Cipriani, onye ndú okpukpe a ma ama katọrọ iwu ka ite ime bụrụ ihe iwu kwadoro n'ihe gbasara ndina n'ike ụmụaka na mgbasawanye nke nkuzi mmekọahụ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ.[27] Ọbụna ọ haziri ngagharị iwe iji gbasaa nkwenkwe ndị na-emegide ya, ndị na-agbaso omenala.

Mexico

[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

N'akụkọ ihe mere eme, Mexico abụwo mba nwere otu n'ime ọnụ ọgụgụ kachasị elu nke igbu ụmụ nwanyị na Latin America. Site n'afọ 2015-2021, Mexico nwere mmụba 135% nke igbu ọchụ ụmụ nwanyị, site na 427 ruo ihe karịrị 1,000.[28]Na Mexico, a hụla na Ni Una Menos na-agbasa ma na-arụsi ọrụ ike. Ọ bụ ezie na e nweela ọtụtụ ngagharị iwe n'okporo ámá na-esote Ni Una Menos movement na Mexico, e nwere nnukwu ngagharị iwe na mba niile na Ni Una Menes ngagharị iwe Na Machị 9, 2020. Ngagharị iwe a gụnyere naanị ụmụ nwanyị na-anọ n'ụlọ, nke pụtara na ụmụ nwanyị anaghị aga ụlọ akwụkwọ, ọrụ, ma ọ bụ ebe ọha na eze ọ bụla. E mere ọgbaghara a n'ụwa niile n'ihi enweghị itinye aka na imekọ ihe ọnụ iji dozie igbu ọchụ ụmụ nwanyị, ime ihe ike n'ụlọ, na nsogbu ndị ọzọ. Ọ bụ ezie na, n'ihi ọrịa COVID-19, a kwụsịrị ngagharị iwe ma ọ bụ nhazi nke Ni Una Menos, na ikpe igbu ụmụ nwanyị n'oge ọrịa ahụ nọgidere na-abawanye.[28] Agbanyeghị, n'oge na-adịbeghị anya, gọọmentị Mexico ahụla mbọ ole na ole iji dozie ụfọdụ n'ime nchegbu ndị a. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, e nwere ọfịs onye ọkàiwu nke a raara nye mpụ nwoke na nwanyị, gụnyere igbu ụmụ nwanyị.[28] Ka o sina dị, igbu ụmụ nwanyị ka bụ okwu na-aga n'ihu na eziokwu dị egwu maka ọtụtụ ụmụ nwanyị na Mexico, na mba ndị ọzọ gafee Latin America.[28]

Puerto Rico

[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

N'afọ 2018, Puerto Rico kọrọ ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu nke igbu ụmụ nwanyị, na atụmatụ igbu ụmụ nwanyị kwa izu na nkezi. N'afọ 2020, Puerto Rico kọrọ akụkọ 60 gbasara igbu ụmụ nwanyị. Ọzọkwa, Puerto Rico kwupụtara ọnọdụ mberede megide ime ihe ike na igbu ọchụ na Jenụwarị 2021.[29] N'agbanyeghị na ha kwupụtara ọnọdụ mberede megide ime ihe ike dabere na nwoke na nwanyị, ọnụ ọgụgụ igbu ụmụ nwanyị gara n'ihu. N'ime otu afọ ahụ, akụkọ banyere ogbugbu nke ikpe igbu ụmụ nwanyị abụọ na Puerto Rico gbasara ma n'ihi ya, ha nwetara ọtụtụ nlebara anya mba na nnukwu ndị bịara maka ngagharị iwe Ni Una Menos na Mee 2, 2021.[30] Ikpe ndị a bụ ikpe Andrea Ruiz Costas na Keishla Rodríguez Ortiz. Andrea Ruiz Costas bụ onye na-emegbu ya n'ọnwa Eprel 2021, mgbe ụlọ ikpe jụrụ iwu nchebe o tinyere megide ya. Ụbọchị ole na ole ka e mesịrị, na Mee 1, a chọtara ozu Keishla Rodríguez Ortiz na San Jose Lagoon, nke dị n'akụkụ San Juan's Teodoro Moscoso Bridge, ebe ngagharị iwe ahụ mere. Keishla dị ime mgbe enyi ya nwoke a ma ama na-akụ ọkpọ, Felix Verdejo, gburu ya.[30] N'ihi ya, ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe na ndị ọzọ na-abụghị ndị agha na Puerto Rico gara n'àkwà mmiri San Juan Teodoro Moscoso iji mee ngagharị iwe megide igbu ọchụ ụmụ nwanyị na ịkpọ oku maka ikpe ziri ezi maka ndị a. Ọtụtụ narị mmadụ bịara na ngagharị iwe ahụ wee mechie àkwà mmiri ahụ, na-akwụsị okporo ụzọ na ojiji nke àkwà ifufe ahụ. Ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe nwere ihe ịrịba ama e dere "Ni Una Menos" na ha na ụgbọala ndị na-egbochi okporo ụzọ na otu ahịrịokwu ahụ e dere na ha. Ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe a kwadoro ma kwusaa okwu ahụ, na-ejikọta onwe ha na òtù ahụ, ka ha na-akpọ oku ka a kwụsị ime ihe ike na igbu ọchụ dabere na nwoke na nwanyị.[30]

Mmetụta nke Ni Una Menos Movement n'ime Movements Ndị Ọzọ

[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Mmiri Na-acha Nri

[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Ọ bụ ezie na òtù Ni Una Menos sara mbara ma sara mbara, òtù a emeela ka a tinye ya ma ọ bụ tinye ya n'ime òtù ndị ọzọ. A na-ahụ nke a na Green Tide movement. Green Tide movement na-ezo aka na mmegharị na Latin America nke na-alụ ọgụ maka ikpe ziri ezi nke ọmụmụ dịka iwu nke ite ime, nke a na-akwalite nke ukwuu site na iji bandanas na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ ma ọ bụ akwa na-acha anụnụ anụnụ. The green bandanas bụ akara mbụ nke na-anọchite anya ikike nke ite ime iwu kwadoro nke National Campaign for Legal, Safe, and Free Abortion ji. Mgbasa ozi a bụ mkpọsa sitere na Argentina nke gosipụtara iwu na 2003, na-akpọ maka iwu nke ite ime, Otú ọ dị, ha enweghị ihu ọma n'ịgafe ya.[31] Ọ bụ ezie na akara na nnọchiteanya dị n'azụ akwa akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ malitere site na National Campaign for Legal, Safe, and Free Abortion, Ni Una Menos movement bụ ihe mere ka ọ bụrụ ihe a ma ama ma gbasaa akara ahụ gafee Latin America. Ọtụtụ ngagharị iwe na ngagharị iwe nke Ni Una Menos na Latin America na-esonyere akwa akwa na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ. Tinyere pañuelos ma ọ bụ bandanas ndị a na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ, e nwere ọtụtụ abụ, dị ka abụ "Las ricas abortan, las pobres mueren", nke pụtara ụmụ nwanyị bara ọgaranya na-ewepụ afọ ime, ebe ụmụ nwanyị dara ogbenye na-anwụ, na-eme ka ikpe na-ezighị ezi na enweghị nhata nke na-emetụta ụmụ nwanyị dara ada n'ihi enweghị ike ịnweta afọ ime iwu.[31] Ọ bụ ezie na ebumnuche bụ isi nke òtù Ni Una Menos bụ ịlụ ọgụ megide igbu ọchụ ụmụ nwanyị na mmetọ n'ụlọ, ikike ụmụ nwanyị n'ozuzu ya dị ka ikike ite ime ka a na-etinye ya n'ime òtù ahụ. Site na ọtụtụ ngagharị iwe Ni Una Menos na-esonyere akwa akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ na mmegharị akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ nri, na Disemba 30, 2020, a kwadoro ite ime ruo izu iri na anọ nke ime ime na Argentina, obi na mmalite nke mmegharị ahụ.[31] A hụrụ ọnụnọ nke Green Tide n'ihi Ni Una Menos n'ọtụtụ mba Latin America, dị ka Mexico, n'ihi ya, gbanwere iwu iji kwado echiche nke òtù ahụ. Na Septemba 2021, Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu nke Mexico kwupụtara na a gaghịzi eme ka ite ime bụrụ mpụ. Ọzọkwa, kwa afọ na Septemba 28, International Safe Abortion Day, na Machị 8, International Women's Day, obodo ndị dị na Latin America na-aghọ akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ, ka ha jupụtara na pañuelos na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ nri na ngosipụta bandana na-acha anụnụ anụnụ, na-egosi mmetụta nke mmiri na-acha uhie uhie nke Ni Una Menos kwusara.[31]

Ikpe Ziri Ezi Maka Ụmụ Anyị

[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Ntugharị ọzọ nke jikọtara ụkpụrụ Ni Una Menos bụ nzukọ, Justicia para Nuestras Hijas, ma ọ bụ ikpe ziri ezi maka ụmụ anyị nwanyị. Justicia para Nuestras Hijas bụ otu ndị na-akwado ikike na ikpe ziri ezi nke ụmụ nwanyị metụtara na Chihuahua, Mexico. Ndị otu a bụ ndị ezinaụlọ na ndị na-eme ihe ike na-achọ ikpe ziri ezi maka ụmụ ha nwanyị ma chọọ ka njedebe nke igbu nwanyị na Mexico kwụsị. N'ihi enweghị nyocha kwesịrị ekwesị na nleghara anya gọọmentị, nzukọ a na-eme nyocha nke ya iji nweta ikpe ziri ezi maka ụmụ nwanyị na-egbu nwanyị ma ọ bụ ụmụ nwanyị efu.[40]. Mgbe ndị otu a na-eme ngosi ọha ma ọ bụ ngagharị iwe n'okporo ụzọ, ha na-ebu obe pink dị ka akara ha. N'obe pink a bụ nkebiokwu "Ni Una Menos". Otu a na-ebu ozi ahụ wee tinye ụkpụrụ Ni Unas Menos ije dị ka otu a na-alụ ọgụ megide igbu nwanyị.[32]

Ụdị dị iche iche

[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Ni Una Menos abụrụla ngagharị nnabata nke mepụtara ohere dị mma maka ndị nọ n'ọtụtụ ụzọ dị iche iche. Ọdịiche nke ngagharị ahụ na-agba ndị ọgbọ na-eto eto ume isonye na ngagharị a n'agbanyeghị nzụlite ha na njirimara ha. Ọdịiche dị iche iche nke mmegharị ahụ sokwa n'ihe kpatara o jiri nwee ihe ịga nke ọma yana ihe kpatara o jiri gbasaa ebe niile na Latin America. Ntinye na nnabata nke ndị isi ojii, ụmụ amaala, trans, na ụmụ nwanyị queer ekwela ka mmegharị ahụ nweta ọtụtụ nkwado na ndị na-eso ụzọ. Ntugharị ahụ ejedebeghị na otu njirimara ma ọ bụ otu nwanyị kama kama ọ na-ahụ maka ọtụtụ ụmụ nwanyị na ọtụtụ njikọ dị n'etiti Latin America.[41][42] Ọ bụ ezie na mmegharị ndị ọzọ dị ka mmegharị #MeToo ka ndị ọkà mmụta nwanyị, dị ka Angela Davis katọrọ, maka enweghị nsonye na iburu n'uche okwu nhazi dị ka agbụrụ, òtù Ni Una Menos na-ekweta okwu nhazi dị ka agbụrụ na okike na ọha mmadụ. [42] Site n'iji nwanyị na-emekọrịta ihe, Ni Una Menos na-enwe ike ileba anya n'okwu metụtara ụmụ nwanyị nwere echiche sara mbara ma nwee ike jikọta okwu dị ka igbu onwe onye na nwoke na nwanyị ndị ọzọ na agbụrụ agbụrụ jupụtara na ọha mmadụ.[33]

Obodo Ndị Na-eme Egwu

[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụghị ihe doro anya ebe ndị Ni Una Menos na-eguzo na ikike ndị na-abụghị nwoke ma ọ bụ nwanyị, nsogbu ndị na-enweghị nwoke ma ọ bụghị nwanyị ma ọ bụ ihe ndị ọzọ metụtara ya, a maara Ni Una Menes dị ka ihe na-eme ka ndị LGBTQ + na-anabata ma na-arụsi ọrụ ike na ngosipụta Ni Una Meno, na-ejikọta onwe ha na atụmatụ ikike LGBTQ + .[27][34] Dịka ọmụmaatụ, n'afọ 2018, òtù Ni Una Menos haziri nguzo zuru ụwa ọnụ megide nna ochie nke a kpọrọ "Orgasmarathon". Ihe omume a bụ orgasm mba ụwa na nke ụwa niile nke bu n'uche ịgụnye ma kwusaa maka mkpa na ọchịchọ nke ndị inyom na ndị LGBTQ +.[34] A gbasaa ihe omume a na mgbasa ozi mmekọrịta iji nweta òkè mba ụwa, ebe a na-agba ụmụ nwanyị si n'ebe ọ bụla ha nọ, ume itinye aka na obi ụtọ onwe ha ma bụrụ akụkụ nke ihe a kọwara na ọ bụ "mgbanwe mmekọahụ" site n'aka ndị Ni Una Menos, ka ha na-anabata ụdị mmekọahụ na njirimara dị iche iche n'ime nnukwu òtù Ni Una Menes. Ihe omume a mere n'otu ụbọchị ahụ dị ka 2018 International Women's Strike, na Machị 8 n'etiti abalị.[34]

Karịa Latin America

[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

United States

[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Ihe ịrịba ama MeToo na 2018 Women's March na New York

Ngalaba Ni Una Menos gosipụtara onwe ya dị ka nnukwu #MeToo Movement na United States. Ọrụ ha dịtụ iche ebe ọ bụ na MeToo na-elekwasị anya n'ịkpọ ndị na-eme mwakpo mmekọahụ na iyi egwu n'ọkwa ike, ebe Ni Una Menos na-elebara igbu ụmụ nwanyị anya kpọmkwem. Ha na-ekerịta isiokwu nke imeziwanye ọnọdụ ime ihe ike megide ụmụ nwanyị ma nweta ọtụtụ nkwado ha site na mgbasa ozi mmekọrịta. Ọzọkwa, #MeToo esorowo Ni Una Menos rụkọọ ọrụ dịka ha mere maka International Women's Strike na 2017.[35][36] Ha kwukwara na Ni Una Menos bụ ihe na-akpali ha. #MeToo Movement malitere na 2017, afọ ole na ole mgbe ngagharị iwe mbụ na Argentina na mmegharị ahụ malitere ịgbasa na South America na Caribbean. Ọ bụ mmeghachi omume na Harvey Weinstein na-aga n'ihu na-enwe mmekọahụ na-ekwesịghị ekwesị. Ọtụtụ ụmụ nwanyị na-eme ihe nkiri, gụnyere Alyssa Milano, gara na mgbasa ozi mmekọrịta iji katọọ Weinstein. Ha gbakwara ụmụ nwanyị ndị ọzọ ume ka ha na ndị ọzọ na-eme ya kerịta ahụmịhe n'ime otu ụlọ ọrụ ahụ. Omume a gbasaa na ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ na ndị mmadụ nọ n'ọchịchị n'ime ha. Ebumnuche nke mmegharị ahụ bụ ka ụmụ nwanyị chọta ịdị n'otu, nkwado, na ebe dị nchebe iji kesaa akụkọ ha banyere mwakpo mmekọahụ na iyi egwu.[37] Okwu "Me Too" bụ nke Tarana Burke chepụtara na 2007 iji gbaa ndị lanarịrị ume ikwu okwu. Otú ọ dị, ọ ghọrọ ihe a ma ama ozugbo ọ ruru mgbasa ozi mmekọrịta na 2017.[38]  

Nkatọ na mmeghachi omume

[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Ndabere nke otu Ni Una Menos bụ na ụmụ nwanyị na-eche ime ihe ike na-ezighi ezi n'ihi okike ha. Ụfọdụ ndị nkatọ na-emegide nkwuputa a na n'ozuzu oke ụmụ nwoke na-eche ime ihe ike karịa ụmụ nwanyị.[49] Ụfọdụ na-emeghachi omume na nke a site n'ichegharị ịlụ nwanyị dị ka mmetụta nke ọha nna nke na-enwe mmetụta ọjọọ nye onye ọ bụla bi n'ime ya. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ndị ọzọ na-ajụ mmegharị ahụ.

Milagro Sala, onye na-ahụ maka mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke Argentina.

N'aka nke ọzọ, Ni Una Menos na-ewepụta onwe ya dị ka ngagharị megide ime ihe ike dabere na okike. Ọ bụ ezie na ọtụtụ ndị otu onye mmeri maka akụkụ ndị ọzọ nke nnwere onwe ụmụ nwanyị, dị ka ikike ime ime na ikike LGBTQ+, mmegharị ahụ anabataghị ọkwa gọọmentị maka nke ọ bụla n'ime ndị a.[35] Otú ọ dị, a ka nwere ihe àmà siri ike na ịrị elu nke òtù Ni Una Menos kwadoro usoro iwu ime ime na Argentina.[28] Ndị na-ahụ maka nchekwa na okpukperechi n'ofe Latin America emegidela ndakọrịta dị n'etiti ndị na-akwado otu Ni Una Menos na ikike ndị ọzọ.

Ụfọdụ ndị nta akụkọ akatọwo òtù ahụ, ọkachasị kemgbe 2017, maka ụfọdụ n'ime ihe ndị ọ chọrọ, dị ka nnwere onwe nke Milagro Sala na Argentina.[39]

Hụkwa

[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

  

Ebem si dee

[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
  1. ↑ #NiUnaMenos: ¿Quién fue la autora de la consigna que une a miles contra la violencia de género? (Spanish). Minutouno.com (June 3, 2015). Archived from the original on 11 September 2017. Retrieved on March 26, 2018.
  2. ↑ Subirana Abanto. "El tiempo de la acción", El Comercio, March 4, 2018. Retrieved on March 26, 2018. (in Spanish)
  3. ↑ Exploring the Data: The Prevalence of Gender-based Violence in Latin America | Wilson Center (en). gbv.wilsoncenter.org. Archived from the original on 19 April 2023. Retrieved on 2023-02-27.
  4. ↑ Saccomano (2017). "El feminicidio en América Latina: ¿vacío legal o déficit del Estado de derecho? / Feminicide in Latin America: legal vacuum or deficit in the rule of law?". Revista CIDOB d'Afers Internacionals (117): 51–78. DOI:10.24241/rcai.2017.117.3.51. ISSN 1133-6595. 
  5. ↑ Machismo, Femicides, and Child's Play: Gender Violence in Mexico. Harvard International Review (2020-05-19). Archived from the original on 29 January 2023. Retrieved on 2023-03-27.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Violence Against Women by Cartels and Gangs in El Salvador, Honduras - Weaponisation of Female Bodi (en-US). The Security Distillery (12 February 2021). Archived from the original on 27 March 2023. Retrieved on 2023-03-27.
  7. ↑ Mohor W. (2022-06-04). As drug cartels expand their reach across Latin America, Chile takes a hit (en). CNN. Archived from the original on 27 March 2023. Retrieved on 2023-03-27.
  8. ↑ Rising violence in the last year can intensify humanitarian crises in Latin America: IRC | International Rescue Committee (IRC) (en). www.rescue.org. Archived from the original on 27 March 2023. Retrieved on 2023-03-27.
  9. ↑ Why we continue to march towards legal abortion in Argentina (en). Amnesty International (2019-08-08). Archived from the original on 1 May 2023. Retrieved on 2023-05-01.
  10. ↑ Pomeraniec. "How Argentina rose up against the murder of women", The Guardian, 2015-06-08. Retrieved on 2023-04-30. (in en-GB)
  11. ↑ Justice (2015-06-04). Argentina: 200,000 rally against femicide and domestic violence in Buenos Aires (en). International Business Times UK. Archived from the original on 26 August 2018. Retrieved on 2023-04-30.
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 Rabinovich. "#NiUnaMenos" (in es). Retrieved on 4 May 2023. 
  13. ↑ Piatti-Crocker (2021-11-23). "Diffusion of #NiUnaMenos in Latin America: Social Protests Amid a Pandemic". Journal of International Women's Studies 22 (12): 7–24. ISSN 1539-8706. Retrieved on 20 February 2023. 
  14. ↑ #NiUnaMenos: Not One Woman Less, Not One More Death! (en). NACLA. Archived from the original on 8 May 2023. Retrieved on 2023-04-30.
  15. ↑ "El "aberrante" empalamiento de una niña de 16 años indigna a Argentina", BBC News Mundo. Retrieved on 2023-04-30. (in es)
  16. ↑ Gordon. "NiUnaMenos: How the brutal gang rape and murder of a schoolgirl united the furious women of Latin America", The Telegraph, 2016-10-21. Retrieved on 2023-04-30. (in en-GB)
  17. ↑ Goñi. "Argentina's women joined across South America in marches against violence", The Guardian, 2016-10-20. Retrieved on 2023-04-30. (in en-GB)
  18. ↑ BOLETIN OFICIAL REPUBLICA ARGENTINA - LEY DE MINISTERIOS - Decreto 7/2019. www.boletinoficial.gob.ar. Archived from the original on 8 February 2024. Retrieved on 2023-04-30.
  19. ↑ Politi. "Argentina Legalizes Abortion, a Milestone in a Conservative Region", The New York Times, 2020-12-30. Retrieved on 2023-04-30. (in en-US)
  20. ↑ Daby (June 2022). "Feminist Mobilization and the Abortion Debate in Latin America: Lessons from Argentina" (in en). Politics & Gender 18 (2): 359–393. DOI:10.1017/S1743923X20000197. ISSN 1743-923X. Retrieved on 4 May 2023. 
  21. ↑ "Violencia de Género. Cuadro 8.1 Perǘ: Violencia física contra la mujer ejercida alguna vez por parte del esposo o compañero, segǘn ámbito geográfico". Instituto Nacional de Estadística (in Spanish). 2015. Retrieved August 13, 2016.
  22. ↑ Wilson (2014). "Introduction: Violence against Women in Latin America". Latin American Perspectives 41 (1): 3–18. DOI:10.1177/0094582X13492143. ISSN 0094-582X. Retrieved on 1 May 2023. 
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 Choque (2021-01-04). "«Por nuestras muertas». El despertar de un poder y la movilización de Ni Una Menos [NUM en el Perú de 2016]" (in es). Puriq 3 (1): 11–25. DOI:10.37073/puriq.3.1.107. ISSN 2707-3602. Retrieved on 4 May 2023. 
  24. ↑ "La larga marcha". Diario UNO (in Spanish). August 14, 2016.
  25. ↑ PERU.COM (2017-11-26). #NiUnaMenos: así fue la marcha en Lima contra violencia a mujeres | ACTUALIDAD (es). Peru.com. Archived from the original on 4 May 2023. Retrieved on 2023-05-01.
  26. ↑ Collyns. "Fury over Peru president's reaction to woman's murder by stalker", The Guardian, 2018-06-05. Retrieved on 2023-05-01. (in en-GB)
  27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 Ni Una Menos Stares Down Conservative Reaction/ Ni Una Menos enfrenta una reacción conservadora (en). NACLA. Archived from the original on 10 June 2023. Retrieved on 2023-02-27.
  28. ↑ 28.0 28.1 28.2 28.3 The Continuing Fight Against Femicide in Latin America (en-US). International Relations Review (2023-05-25). Archived from the original on 7 December 2023. Retrieved on 2023-11-29.
  29. ↑ Gowing (2023-01-23). Puerto Rico's gender violence problem, in context (en-US). Pasquines. Archived from the original on 7 December 2023. Retrieved on 2023-12-06.
  30. ↑ 30.0 30.1 30.2 Jackson (2021-05-03). Hundreds Take to the Streets of Puerto Rico to Protest Two Femicides (en-US). Remezcla. Archived from the original on 7 December 2023. Retrieved on 2023-12-06.
  31. ↑ 31.0 31.1 31.2 31.3 Chediac. Latin America's Green Tide: Working women's abortion access solidarity knows no borders – Liberation News (en-US). Liberation News. Archived from the original on 7 December 2023. Retrieved on 2023-11-29.
  32. ↑ Bejarano, Cynthia; Fregoso, Rosa-Linda (2010). Terrorizing Women: Feminicide in the Americas. Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0-8223-9264-4. 
  33. ↑ Shagufta Cheema (2023). The Other #MeToos. Oxford University Press. DOI:10.1093/oso/9780197619872.001.0001. Retrieved on 2023-12-06.
  34. ↑ 34.0 34.1 34.2 Sosa (2021-03-24). "Mourning, Activism, and Queer Desires: Ni Una Menos and Carri's Las hijas del fuego" (in en). Latin American Perspectives 48 (2): 137–154. DOI:10.1177/0094582X20988699. ISSN 0094-582X. 
  35. ↑ Beatley (March 9, 2017). Meet the Argentine Women Behind Ni Una Menos, the Feminist Collective Angela Davis Cites as Inspiration. Remezcla. Remezcla LLC. Archived from the original on 26 April 2017. Retrieved on April 25, 2017.
  36. ↑ Alcoff (February 6, 2017). Women of America: we're going on strike. Join us so Trump will see our power. theguardian.com. Archived from the original on 5 May 2019. Retrieved on April 25, 2017.
  37. ↑ Get To Know Us | Our Vision & Theory of Change (en-US). me too. Movement. Archived from the original on 2 May 2023. Retrieved on 2023-05-02.
  38. ↑ Tambe (2018). "Reckoning with the Silences of #MeToo". Feminist Studies 44 (1): 197–203. DOI:10.15767/feministstudies.44.1.0197. ISSN 0046-3663. Retrieved on 4 May 2023. 
  39. ↑ La politización de Ni Una Menos: áspero debate en Intratables. Mirá el video (Spanish). El Intransigente. Infobae (June 5, 2017). Archived from the original on October 12, 2017. Retrieved on June 25, 2017.
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