Ọrụ ugbo na Ghana

Ụbọchị ndị ọrụ ugbo nke mba nke iri abụọ na isii nke 2010 Ghana-KITA Best Institution Award na Ashanti Region.

Ọrụ ugbo na Ghana nwere ngwa ahịa ụgbọ dịgasị iche iche ma bụrụ ngalaba akụ na ụba guzosiri ike, n'enye ọrụ n'ụzọ iwu kwadoro na nke a n'ejighị n'aka.[1][2] Ọ n'anọchite anya Ministry of Food and Agriculture.[3] Ghana n'emepụta ihe ọkụkụ dịgasị iche iche na mpaghara ihu igwe dị iche iche nke sitere na savanna kpọrọ nkụ rụọ n'oké ọhịa mmiri nke n'aga n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ na ọdịda anyanwụ gafee mba Ghana. Ihe ọkụkụ, gụnyere yam, ọka, koko, nkwụ mmanụ, kola nut, na osisi, bụ ntọala ọrụ ụgbọ na akụ na ụba mba Ghana. N'afọ 2013, ọrụ ụgbọ were 53.6% nke ndị ọrụ niile na mba Ghana. [4][5]

N'ihi na akụkụ dị ukwuu nke akụ na ụba na-adabere na Ọrụ ugbo mmiri ozuzo, a na-atụ anya na Mgbanwe ihu igwe na Ghana ga-enwe mmetụta siri ike maka ma ihe ọkụkụ ego na mmepụta ihe ọkụkụ.[6]

  • 20.8 nde tọn cassava (4th kasị emepụta n'ụwa, nke abụọ naanị na mba Naịjịrịa, Thailand na Kongo);
  • 7.8 nde tọn yam (2nd kasị emepụta n'ụwa, nke abụọ naanị na Naịjirịa);
  • 4.1 nde tọn plantain (2nd kasị emepụta n'ụwa, na-esote Congo);
  • 2.6 nde tọn mmanụ nkwụ (8th kasị emepụta n'ụwa);
  • 2.3 nde tọn ọka;
  • 1.4 nde tọn taro (4th kasị emepụta n'ụwa, nke abụọ naanị na mba Nigeria, China na Cameroon);
  • 947 puku tọn koko (2nd kasị emepụta n'ụwa, nke abụọ naanị na mba Ivory Coast);
  • 769 puku tọn osikapa;
  • 753 puku tọn oroma (nke iri na itoolu kachasị emepụta n'ụwa);
  • 713 puku tọn pineapple (nke iri na otu kachasị emepụta n'ụwa);
  • 521 puku tọn ahụekere;

Na mgbakwụnye, e nwere obere mmepụta nke ngwa ahịa ụgbọ ndị ọzọ dị ka, Poteto na-atọ ụtọ (151 puku tọn), rọba sitere n'okike (23 puku tọn) na ụtaba (2.3 puku tọn). [7]

Ministri nri na ọrụ ụgbọ emeela atụmatụ nchịkwa ahụhụ maka mba ahụ. [8]

Akụkọ ihe mere eme

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Ọkà mmụta sayensị osisi na onye na-enyere ya aka nyochara Osisi koko na Ghana na 1957.

N'okpụrụ Ọchịchị ndị Britain, ndị ọrụ ụgbọ mba Ghana jịri ohere ahụ n'eto eto ma n'ebupụ koko maka nnukwu ahịa mba Britain, ebe ọ bụ na ha nwere nri dị nchebe.[9] Ndị ọrụ dị mkpa maka mmepụta koko na ndịda mba Ghana n'eme nri bụ ndị ọrụ si n'ógbè savannah nke ugwu mba Ghana.[10]Ọganihu a sitere na usoro ọdịnala mba Ghana nke ịzụta ala, nke nyere ndị ọrụ ụgbọ n'otu n'otu nchebe nke ịkụ osisi koko nke g'ewe ọtụtụ afọ rụọ mgbe ha dị njikere iwepụta ihe ubi. N'etiti ihe ndị ọzọ, nke a mere ka mba Ghana too site n'efu n'afọ 1891 ruo na mbupụ koko kachasị n'ụwa site n'afọ 1911.[11]

Onye isi ala mbụ nke mba Ghana, Kwame Nkrumah gbalịrị iji akụ na ụba ụgbọ dị ka ihe ndabere maka mmepe akụ na ụba mba ahụ. Mmepụta ọrụ ụgbọ nke mba Ghana adaala kemgbe n'afọ 1960. [12] Malite na ọdịda nke ọnụahịa ngwa ahịa na ngwụcha n'afọ 1960, ndị ọrụ ụgbọ chere ihu na obere ihe mkpali iji mepụta ya na mmebi nke akụrụngwa na ọrụ ndị dị mkpa.[13] Ndị ọrụ ụgbọ aghaghịkwa ịnagide ihe ndị dị oke ọnụ, dị ka fatịlaịza, n'ihi oke ọnụ ahịa nke cedi.[14] Mmepụta nri adaala, na mbelata nke nri onwe onye site na pasent 83 na 1965-66 ruo pasent 71 na 1900-80, tinyere mmụba okpukpu anọ na mbubata nri n'ime afọ iri tupu n'afọ 1982.[15] Ka ọ n'erule n'afọ 1983, mgbe ụkọ mmiri ozuzo dakwasịrị mpaghara ahụ, ụkọ nri jupụtara ebe niile, mmepụta ihe ọkụkụ na-ebupụ ya ruru ala.[5]

Mgbe gọọmentị Rawlings malitere akụkụ mbụ nke Economic Recovery Program (ERP) [16] n'afọ 1984, a chọpụtara ọrụ ụgbọ dị ka ngalaba akụ na ụba nke nwere ike ịzọpụta Ghana na mbibi ego.[17] N'ihi ya, kemgbe oge ahụ, gọọmentị etinyela nnukwu ego n'imezigharị ọrụ ụgbọ. Gọọmentị nyere ego ka ọ rụzie ma melite usoro njem na nkesa n'ejere ihe ọkụkụ mbupụ ozi. Na mgbakwụnye, a malitere ọrụ ụfọdụ iji bulie mmepụta koko na ịzụlite ụlọ ọrụ osisi. [17][18] Ewezuga mmemme mmepe ụfọdụ, Otú ọ dị, gọọmentị agbalịwo ikwe ka ahịa nweere onwe ya kwalite ọnụahịa ndị n'emepụta ihe dị elu na ịbawanye arụmọrụ.[5]

Owuwe ihe ubi na ọrụ ugbo na Ghana na narị afọ nke 20

The people of the north attempted to reduce its role in marketing and assistance to farmers in several ways. In particular, the Cocoa Marketing Board steadily relinquished its powers over pricing and marketing. The government, furthermore, established a new farmers' organization, the Ghana National Association of Farmers and Fishermen, in early 1991 to replace the Ghana Federation of Agricultural Cooperatives. The new organization was to be funded by the farmers themselves to operate as a cooperative venture at the district, regional, and national levels. Although the government argued that it did not want to be accused of manipulating farmers, the lack of government financial support again put subsistence producers at a disadvantage.

Ruo ihe karịrị afọ 81, otu n'ime ihe kachasị ewu ewu na-achịkwa Ọrụ ugbo na Ghana.[19] Cocoa bụ isi ihe ọrụ ụgbọ nke mba Ghana.[20] Mmepụta koko n'ewere ọnọdụ n'ógbè ọhịa nke mba Ghana: Ashanti Region, Ahafo Region, Central Region, Eastern Region, Western Region na Volta Region. Afọ owuwe ihe ubi n'amalite n'ọnwa Ọktoba ebe obere okirikiri nke etiti owuwe ihe ọkụkụ n'amalite na ọnwa Julaị. A n'ere koko niile, ma e wezụga nke a n'ebupụ na mba ahụ, na ọnụahịa a kapịrị ọnụ. Ọ bụ ezie na ndị ọrụ ụgbọ n'emepụta ọtụtụ koko, ọnụ ọgụgụ dị nta nke ndị ọrụ ụgbọ yiri ka ha n'achịkwa azụmahịa ahụ.[5] Gọọmentị n'achịkwa ụlọ ọrụ ahụ site na Ghana Cocoa Board (COCOBOD). Ka ọ n'erule n'afọ 2010, a n'ebupụ akị bekee na mba Ghana na $ 2,219.5 nde (US). [20] 

Ka ọ na-erule n'afọ 2017, mba Ghana bụ nke abụọ maka mbupụ koko n'azụ Côte d'Ivoire n'eweta $ 1,914 kwa metric ton (2204.6 lbs. • ~ $ 868/lbs) natara; A n'eme atụmatụ na koko gafere nkezi mba site na 97,500 metric ton.  Nnukwu mmụba a, n'aka nke ya, g'akpata nsogbụ "nkwado na ọchịchọ" maka ndị ọrụ ụgbọ bụrụ ibu na ndị pere mpe n'ekerịta ego mgbazinye ego nke ijeri dollar 1.3 nke gọọmentị nyere maka oge 2017-2018. [21]

Ihe ịga nke ọma nke mba Ghana na mmepụta koko emeela ka akụ na ụba dị ukwuu ma nwee ike inye ihe karịrị ọkara nde ndị ọrụ ụgbọ nọ n'akụkụ ndịda nke mba ahụ ihe oriri. Otú ọ dị, nke a emeghị n'otu ntabi anya kama site na mgbanwe akụ na ụba zụrụ ụwa ọnụ.[22]

Poteto na-atọ ụtọ

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  1. ↑ Ghana at a glance. fao.. Retrieved on 2020-05-27.
  2. ↑ Embassy of Ghana – Democratic Republic of Congo (en). Ghanaembkin.. Archived from the original on 2020-06-18. Retrieved on 2020-05-27.
  3. ↑ Ministry of Food and Agriculture. Ministry of Food and Agriculture. Retrieved on 2022-07-11.
  4. ↑ ((Food and Agriculture Policy Decision Analysis (FAPDA))). Country Fact sheet on food and agriculture policy trends. Food and Agricultural Organisation of the United Nations. FAO. Retrieved on 13 May 2016.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Clark, Nancy L. "Agriculture" (and subchapters). A Country Study: Ghana (La Verle Berry, editor). Library of Congress Federal Research Division (November 1994). This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  6. ↑ Climate Risk Profile: Ghana (en). Climatelinks. USAID (January 2017). Retrieved on 2020-04-22.
  7. ↑ FAOSTAT. fao.. Retrieved on 26 April 2023.
  8. ↑ Republic of Ghana Ministry of Food and Agriculture (February 2022). West Africa Food System Resilience Program (FSRP2) – Phase 2 (P178132) Integrated Pest Management Plan (IPMP).
  9. ↑ Austin (2010-03-01). "African Economic Development and Colonial Legacies" (in en). International Development Policy | Revue internationale de politique de développement 1 (1): 11–32. DOI:10.4000/poldev.78. ISSN 1663-9375. 
  10. ↑ Baten, Jörg (2016). A History of the Global Economy. From 1500 to the Present.. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-107-50718-0. 
  11. ↑ Baten, Jörg (2016). A History of the Global Economy. From 2018 to the Present.. Cambridge University Press, 340–341. ISBN 978-1-107-50718-0. 
  12. ↑ Atoklo. Ghana@63: in agriculture we trust? | Business Financial Times Online | Economy, World, Finances, IT, ICT, Business (en-US). Archived from the original on 2020-04-08. Retrieved on 2020-05-24.
  13. ↑ UNDP – United Nations Development Programme (en). UNDP. Retrieved on 2020-05-26.
  14. ↑ Ghana Economy. ModernGhana.. Retrieved on 2020-05-24.
  15. ↑ Ghana – AGRICULTURE. countrystudies.us. Retrieved on 2020-05-24.
  16. ↑ International Monetary Fund – Homepage. imf.. Retrieved on 2020-05-26.
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 Ghana – Addis Herald (en-US). Archived from the original on 2020-09-25. Retrieved on 2020-05-24.
  18. ↑ Ghana Economy. ModernGhana.. Retrieved on 2020-05-24.
  19. ↑ Ghana Cocoa Board Official Website. Coco Bod Ghana. Archived from the original on 2014-04-04.
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 Ghana's Economic Performance in 2010. Ghana Statistical Service. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved on 6 November 2014.
  21. ↑ Cocobod. Cooco Bod Ghana. Retrieved on 26 April 2023.
  22. ↑ Cocoa in Ghana Shaping the success of an economy.