Ụgbọelu ugbo

Antonov An-2 bụ ụgbọelu a na-emepụta n'ọtụtụ. A na-eji ọtụtụ n'ime ha arụ ọrụ ugbo.

Ụgbọ elu ọrụ ugbo bụ ụgbọ elu arụrụ ma ọ bụ gbanwee maka ọrụ ugbo - na-emekarị ngwa ikuku nke pesticides (ntụ ntụ ọka) ma ọ bụ fatịlaịza (n'elu elu elu); N'ọrụ ndị a, a na-akpọ ha "ụzuzu ihe ubi" ma ọ bụ "ndị na-akwa akwa". A na-ejikwa ụgbọ elu ndị ọrụ ugbo amịpụta mmiri.

Ụgbọ elu ugbo elu a na-ahụkarị bụ nku, dị ka Air Tractor, Cessna Ag-wagon, Gippsland GA200, Grumman Ag Cat, PZL-106 KRUK, M-18 Dromader, PAC Fletcher, Piper PA-36 Pawnee Brave, Embraer EMB 202 Ipanema, na Rockwell Thrush Commander mana a na-ejikwa helikopta.

N'ozuzu, ụgbọelu ugbo nwere piston ma ọ bụ turboprop engines. Nanị ihe a maara dị iche bụ Polish PZL M-15 Belphegor nke nwere injin jet.

Ojiji mbụ nke ụgbọelu n'ọrụ ugbo

Iji ọgwụ ahụhụ na-egbu ihe ọkụkụ malitere na 1920s na United States. Ụgbọelu ugbo mbụ a na-eji eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe bụ ụgbọelu abụọ agha, dị ka De Havilland Tiger Moth na Stearman. Mgbe e mepụtara Ọgwụ ahụhụ na fungicides dị irè karị n'afọ 1940, na nyocha gọọmentị mepụtara elu elu site na New Zealand, ụgbọ elu na-arụ ọrụ ugbo ghọrọ ihe a na-ahụkarị.

Ihe osise

Na US na Europe, ụgbọelu ugbo na-adịkarị obere, dị mfe, ma sie ike. Ọtụtụ n'ime ha nwere usoro ịwụsa na-ejikọta na nsọtụ nku ha, na pọmpụ na-ejikarị turbines ikuku na-ebugharị. N'ebe ndị ugbo buru ibu, dị ka New Zealand, Australia, mba ndị bụbu Warsaw Pact, na akụkụ nke ụwa na-emepe emepe, ejirila ụgbọ elu buru ibu ma dị ike karị, gụnyere ụgbọ elu turboprop dị ka PAC Cresco, ụdị injin abụọ dị ka Lockheed Lodestar na WSK-Mielec M-15 Belphegor - ụgbọelu biplane turbofan. Ha niile na-adịkarị mfe, STOL siri ike. Mgbe ụfọdụ, a na-eji turbine ikuku dị ka isi iyi ike maka igwe mgbapụta kama ịnata ike kpọmkwem site na injin (n'ihi na enwere ike itinye nke a na-enweghị mgbanwe ọ bụla nke usoro igwe ụgbọelu). N'ebe a raara onwe ya nye dị ka ụgbọelu ugbo na-abaghị uru, a na-eji ụdị ọrụ dịka Antonov An-2 biplane na De Havilland Canada DHC-2 Beaver.

N'ihe banyere helikọpta, a na-etinye tankị n'elu ma ọ bụ n'èzí ahụ nke ụgbọelu ahụ, ebe a na-agbanye spray rig, na-agbasa n'èstre n'akụkụ, n'okpuru isi rotor blades. Hydroseeding na-emekarị site na helikọpta site na iji tankị na usoro ọdịda dị ka ndị a na-eji eme ihe maka ọkụ ọkụ.

Usoro

Iji belata mbugharị nke ihe ndị a na-awụfu, ndị na-anya ụgbọelu na-anwa ife n'elu ihe ọkụkụ a na-agwọ. A na-ejikarị ihe mgbochi dị ka osisi, eriri ekwentị, na ụlọ ọrụ ugbo gbaa ubi gburugburu. Ụgbọelu ndị a rụrụ maka ebumnuche emeela ka ọnụ ụlọ ndị na-anya ụgbọelu sie ike iji chebe onye na-anya ya ma ọ bụrụ na ihe mberede emee.

Echiche ndị na-emegiderịta onwe ha banyere ịwụsa ikuku

Mmiri ikuku abụwo ihe arụmụka kemgbe afọ 1960, n'ihi nchegbu gburugburu ebe obibi banyere nsị ahụhụ (nke akwụkwọ Rachel Carson bụ Silent Spring welitere dịka ọmụmaatụ). A na-egbochikarị ya ugbu a, dịka ọmụmaatụ, a machibidoro ịwụsa ọgwụ ahụhụ na Sweden, ọ bụ ezie na enwere ike ime ihe ndị ọzọ dịka maka ebe anwụnta na-efe n'oge ọkọchị. Mgbasa ikuku nke fatịlaịza emeela ka nchegbu, dịka ọmụmaatụ na fatịlaịtị na-abanye n'iyi na New Zealand achọpụtara na ọ na-akwalite uto nke ụdị ndị nwere ike iji ihe na-edozi ahụ mee ihe, na usoro a maara dị ka eutrophication, nke dugara na mgbochi na topdressing n'akụkụ ụzọ mmiri.

Hụkwa

Drone ugbo
Uwe elu
Mgbanyụ ọkụ n'elu
Ntinye ụgbọelu
Ọrịa na-egbu egbu

Ndị na-anya ụgbọelu a ma ama

Alan Prichard

Ndị na-emepụta ya