ACT-R(Adaptive Control of Thought--Rational、思考の適応制御--理性)とは、カーネギーメロン大学のジョン・R・アンダーソンを中心として開発された認知アーキテクチャである。他の認知アーキテクチャと同様、ACT-R は人間の精神を成り立たせる基本的な認識と知覚の操作を定義することを目指している。理論上、人間の行う行為は、そのような個々の操作の連鎖から成っているとされている。
アンダーソンのカーネギーメロン大学内の研究室が公式の ACT-R のコードをリリースしているが、それ以外の実装も存在する。そのような実装としては、jACT-R[4](ピッツバーグ大学の Anthony M. Harrison がJavaで作成)や Python ACT-R[5](カナダのカールトン大学の Terrence C. Stewart、Robert L. West がPythonで作成)がある。
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