Scripps Research Instituteはアカンプロサート投与群とプラセボ対照群を心理療法群と組み合わせた二重盲検法によるアルコール依存の治療臨床試験を実施した。アカンプロサート投与群で断酒成功日数の延長が見られたため、アカンプロサートは安全かつ有効であると結論づけている[20]。
BrisbaneのPrincess Alexandra Hospitalで行われた臨床試験では、12週間の試験期間中アカンプロサート投与群, ナルトレキソン投与群, 両剤使用群の比較および認知行動療法を受けた群との比較が行われた[21]。この研究では、下表に示すように、どちらの薬物も単剤使用より両剤使用の方が好まれ、かつ優れた治療結果をもたらした。
^Mason, BJ (2001). “Treatment of alcohol-dependent outpatients with acamprosate: a clinical review.”. The Journal of clinical psychiatry62 Suppl 20: 42–8. PMID11584875.
^Tsai, G; Coyle, JT (1998). “The role of glutamatergic neurotransmission in the pathophysiology of alcoholism”. Annual review of medicine49: 173–84. doi:10.1146/annurev.med.49.1.173. PMID9509257.
^Tsai, GE; Ragan, P; Chang, R; Chen, S; Linnoila, VM; Coyle, JT (1998). “Increased glutamatergic neurotransmission and oxidative stress after alcohol withdrawal”. The American Journal of Psychiatry155 (6): 726–32. PMID9619143.
^ abDe Witte, P; Littleton, J; Parot, P; Koob, G (2005). “Neuroprotective and abstinence-promoting effects of acamprosate: elucidating the mechanism of action”. CNS Drugs19 (6): 517–37. PMID15963001.
^Mayer, S; Harris, BR; Gibson, DA; Blanchard, JA; Prendergast, MA; Holley, RC; Littleton, J (2002). “Acamprosate, MK-801, and ifenprodil inhibit neurotoxicity and calcium entry induced by ethanol withdrawal in organotypic slice cultures from neonatal rat hippocampus”. Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research26 (10): 1468–78. doi:10.1097/01.ALC.0000033261.14548.D2. PMID12394279.
^Al Qatari, M; Khan, S; Harris, B; Littleton, J (2001). “Acamprosate is neuroprotective against glutamate-induced excitotoxicity when enhanced by ethanol withdrawal in neocortical cultures of fetal rat brain”. Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research25 (9): 1276–83. doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2001.tb02348.x. PMID11584146.
^Engelhard, K; Werner C, Lu H, Mollenberg O, Zieglgansberger W, Kochs E (2006). “The neuroprotective effect of the glutamate antagonist acamprosate following experimental cerebral ischemia. A study with the lipid peroxidase inhibitor u-101033e”. Anaesthesist49 (9): 816–821. PMID11076270.
^Adde-Michel, C; Hennebert O, Laudenbach V, Marret S, Leroux P (2005). “Effect of acamprosate on neonatal excitotoxic cortical lesions in in utero alcohol-exposed hamsters”. Neuroscience Letters374 (2): 109–112. doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2004.10.037. PMID15644274.
^Mason, BJ; Goodman AM, Chabac S, Lehert P (2006). “Effect of oral acamprosate on abstinence in patients with alcohol dependence in a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial: The role of patient motivation”. J Psychiatr Res40 (5): 383–393. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2006.02.002. PMID16546214.
^Feeney, GF; Connor JP, Young RM, Tucker J, McPherson A (2006). “Combined acamprosate and naltrexone, with cognitive behavioural therapy is superior to either medication alone for alcohol abstinence: A single centre's experience with pharmacotherapy”. Alcohol Alcohol41 (3): 321–327. doi:10.1093/alcalc/agl007. PMID16467406.