^ abFowler, Martin (1996-11-27). Analysis Patterns: Reusable Object Models. Addison-Wesley. ISBN0201895420. "A pattern is an idea that has been useful in one practical context and will probably be useful in others."
^Alexander, Christopher (1979). The Timeless Way of Building, volume 1 of Center for Environmental Structure Series. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN0195024028
Buschmann, Frank; Regine Meunier, Hans Rohnert, Peter Sommerlad, and Michael Stal (1996). Pattern-oriented Software Architecture, Volume 1: A System of Patterns. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN0-471-95869-7