ウィリアム・ステイシー(英: William Stacy、1734年2月15日 - 1802年8月)は、アメリカ合衆国マサチューセッツ州出身で、アメリカ独立戦争の時には大陸軍の士官、戦後はオハイオ領土のパイオニアだった。歴史書に拠ると、戦中にステイシーが関わった様々な出来事が記されている。例えば、マサチューセッツのビレッジ・コモンで民兵隊を招集したこと、ボストン包囲戦に参加したこと、チェリーバレー虐殺の時にロイヤリストとインディアンの捕虜になり、火あぶりになるところを辛うじて免れたこと、ジョージ・ワシントン将軍の努力で捕虜から解放されたこと、終戦のときにワシントンから金の嗅ぎ煙草入れを贈られたことなどである。
独立戦争が終わった後の時代、ステイシーはパイオニアとなり、新生アメリカ合衆国の北西部領土ではアメリカ人による最初の恒久的な開拓地、現在のオハイオ州マリエッタの設立に貢献した。マリエッタのパイオニア社会で活動し、北西部領土で最初の大陪審では陪審員長を務め、領土内の法の支配を確立した。56歳の時に、スケートを履いて凍った川を30マイル (50 km) 登り、息子の2人にインディアンから攻撃の可能性があることを伝えた。実際にその数日後にビッグボトム虐殺が起こり、北西インディアン戦争が始まることになった。
1778年11月11日、ロイヤリストとイギリス正規軍の兵士、モホーク族とセネカ族インディアンの混成部隊が、ウェルター・バトラーの全体指揮でチェリーバレーを下った[24][25]。オールデン大佐が敵軍接近の警告を受けたが、その警告を無視してしまった。オールデンと、ステイシーを含むその参謀は、砦から400ヤード (370 m) ほど離れた一軒家に駐屯していた[26]。マッケンドリーはその日誌でこの攻撃のことを、「直ぐにバトラー大佐とブラント大尉の指揮下に、イロコイ連邦5部族からインディアン442名と、ロイヤリスト200名が来て、本部を攻撃し、オールデン大佐を殺し、ステイシー中佐を捕虜にし、オールデン砦を攻撃したが、3時間後になっても砦を落とせず、撤退した」と記していた[27][28]。マッケンドリーはこの虐殺での犠牲者を、オールデン大佐、他に13名の兵士、30名の文民と同定していた。この事件はチェリーバレー虐殺と呼ばれるようになり、独立戦争の中でも最大級に恐ろしいフロンティアでの虐殺と言われるようになった[29]。マッケンドリーはその3か月後、1779年2月12日の記述で、あるインディアンから捕虜になっているウィリアム・ステイシーに関する報告を受け取ったと記している。ステイシーは明らかに仲間の軍人を安心させようと気を配っており、「ステイシー中佐について知り得たことはうまくやっているということであり、精神状態も良好だということだった。これは戦争の運に過ぎないので気にしないようにと彼に伝えた」ということだった[30]。
オハイオ領土の開拓の時に、ステイシーの息子たちの中から2人がパイオニアの小さな集団に加わり、マスキンガム川のマリエッタより上流、ビッグボトムと呼ばれる良い農地となりそうな土地に開拓地の設立を試みた。1790年12月下旬、ステイシーはスケートを履いて凍った川を30マイル (50 km) 登り、息子の2人にインディアンから攻撃の可能性があることを伝えた。その心配は、数日後の1791年1月2日に起きたビッグボトム虐殺で現実のものになった。これが北西インディアン戦争の始まりを告げた。この虐殺事件で12人が殺され、その中にはステイシーの息子であるジョンも入っていた。もう一人の息子であるフィルモンが捕虜に取られ、その後に死亡した[52][53][54][55][56]。
^Lemonds, Col. William Stacy, 61. (The William Stacy plaque in New Salem shows dates of 1733-1804, and the William Stacy marker in Marietta shows 1730-1802.)
Acts and Laws of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, 1890 edition, Wright and Potter Printing Company, Boston (1890) p. 789.
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Barber, John Warner: Historical Collections of the State of New York, containing a General Collection of the Most Interesting Facts, Traditions, Biographical Sketches, Anecdotes, etc., relating to its History and Antiquities, with Geographical Descriptions of Every Township in the State, S. Tuttle, New York (1842) pp. 442–43. This historical book is available online via the Google Books Library Project at Historical Collections of New York.
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Campbell, William W.: Annals of Tryon County; or, the Border Warfare of New-York during the Revolution, J. & J. Harper, New York (1831) pp. 110–11, 182. This historical book is available online via the Google Books Library Project at Annals of Tryon County.
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Daughters of the American Revolution (DAR): American Monthly, Vol. 16, Jan-Jun 1900, R. R. Bowker Co., New York (1900) p. 329 (re/Mound Cemetery).
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Hawley, Owen: Mound Cemetery, Marietta, Ohio, Washington County Historical Society, Marietta, Ohio (1996).
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History of the Connecticut Valley in Massachusetts, Vol. II, Louis H. Everts, Philadelphia (1879) chapter on New Salem, section on Revolutionary Reminiscences, p. 668. (This book erroneously reports that Col. Stacy was killed by Indians near Marietta, Ohio; it was actually Col. Stacy's son John who was killed by Indians at Big Bottom near Marietta.)
Holland, Josiah Gilbert: History of Western Massachusetts, the Counties of Hampden, Hampshire, Franklin, and Berkshire, Vol. I-Parts I and II, Samuel Bowles and Company, Springfield, Massachusetts (1855) Chapter XV, p. 214. This historical book is available online via the Google Books Library Project at History of Western Massachusetts.
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Hulbert, Archer Butler: The Records of the Original Proceedings of the Ohio Company, Volume II, Marietta Historical Commission, Marietta, Ohio (1917) pp. 2, 50, 56, 147, 202, 241. This historical book is available online via the Google Books Library Project at Ohio Company, Volume II.
Hunting, Beatrice Fay: "Plaque Honoring William Stacy to be Uncovered Tomorrow at New Salem", Enterprise and Journal newspaper, Orange, Massachusetts (October 4, 1956).
Hunting, Beatrice Fay: "Donor Attends Unveiling of Stacy Plaque at New Salem", Enterprise and Journal newspaper, Orange, Massachusetts (October 11, 1956).
Kelsay, Isabel Thompson (1986). Joseph Brant, 1743–1807, Man of Two Worlds. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press. ISBN978-0-8156-0208-8. OCLC13823422
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Ketchum, William: An Authentic and Comprehensive History of Buffalo, with some account of Its Early Inhabitants both Savage and Civilized, Rockwell, Baker, and Hill, Buffalo, New York (1864) p. 322. This historical book is available online via the Google Books Library Project at History of Buffalo.
Lane, Eula Rogers: Ode to the Big Bottom Massacre, Richardson Printing, Marietta, Ohio (1975).
Lemonds, Leo L.: Col. William Stacy – Revolutionary War Hero, Cornhusker Press, Hastings, Nebraska (1993). ISBN 0-933909-09-8
Massachusetts Soldiers and Sailors in the War of the Revolution, Vol 14, online database, The Generations Network Inc., Provo, Utah (1998); original data from the Secretary of the Commonwealth, Massachusetts Soldiers and Sailors in the War of the Revolution, Vol. 14, Wright and Potter Printing Co., Boston (1896), pp. 796 (William Stacey), 804-5 (William Stacy).
McHenry, Chris: Rebel Prisoners at Quebec 1778-1783, Being a List of American Prisoners Held by the British during the Revolutionary War, Lawrenceburg, Indiana (1981).
Moore, C.: The Masonic Review, Volume XI, C. Moore, Cincinnati, Ohio (1854) pp. 306–07.
Moore, Frank: Diary of the American Revolution from Newspapers and Original Documents, Vol II, Charles Scribner, New York (1860), pp. 104–05. This historical book is available online via the Google Books Library Project at American Revolution from Original Documents.
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New Salem Sesqui-Centennial and History of the Town 1903, Athol, Massachusetts (1904) pp. 21, 49. (This book erroneously reports that Col. Stacy was killed by Indians near Marietta, Ohio; it was actually Col. Stacy's son John who was killed by Indians at Big Bottom near Marietta.) This historical book is available online via the Google Books Library Project at New Salem Sesquicentennial.
Pritchard, Joan: "Area man discovers long roots", Marietta A.M. newspaper, Parkersburg, West Virginia (July 24, 1994) p. 1., including article text, photo, and photo caption.
Public Papers of George Clinton, First Governor of New York, Vol. IV, James B. Lyon, Albany, New York (1900) pp. 286, 292–93. This historical book is available online via the Google Books Library Project at Public Papers of George Clinton.
Sparks, Jared: The Writings of George Washington, Vol. VII, Harper and Brothers, New York (1847) p. 211. This historical book is available online via the Google Books Library Project at George Washington Vol VII.
Sparks, Jared: The Writings of George Washington, Vol. IX, Harper and Brothers, New York (1847) p. 385. This historical book is available online via the Google Books Library Project at George Washington Vol. IX.
Stacy, Nathaniel: Memoirs of the Life of Nathaniel Stacy, Abner Vedder, Columbus, Pennsylvania (1850) pp. 24, 34.
Stone, William L.: Life of Joseph Brant (Thayendanegea) including the Border Wars of the American Revolution, J. Munsell, Albany, New York (1865) pp. 372, 374, 386–87. This historical book is available online via the Google Books Library Project at Life of Joseph Brant (Thayendanegea).
Summers, Thomas J.: History of Marietta, The Leader Publishing Co., Marietta, Ohio (1903) pp. 81, 100–02, 294–95. This historical book is available online via the Google Books Library Project at History of Marietta.
Swett, S.: History of Bunker Hill Battle, With a Plan, Second Edition, Munroe and Francis, Boston (1826) 'Preliminary Chapter' p. 5 (re/Stacy), and chapter 'The Battle' p. 30 (re/Woodbridge's regiment). This historical book is available online via the Google Books Library Project at History of Bunker Hill Battle.
Young, Edward J.: Proceedings of the Massachusetts Historical Society, Vol. II – Second Series, 1855–1886, University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts (1886) section entitled Journal of William McKendry, pp. 436–78. This historical book is available online via the Google Books Library Project at Proceedings of the Massachusetts Historical Society.
Zimmer, Louise: "Colonel Stacy defies odds of survival", Marietta Times newspaper, Marietta, Ohio (March 21, 1994) p. B5.
Zimmer, Louise: More True Stories from Pioneer Valley, published by Sugden Book Store, Marietta, Ohio (1993) chapter 10 entitled Massacre at Big Bottom, pp. 92–101.
Zimmer, Louise: True Stories of Pioneer Times, published by Broughton Foods company, Marietta, Ohio (1987) chapter 4 entitled The First Families p. 18.