^Yasuzawa, T; Iida, T; Muroi, K; Ichimura, M; Takahashi, K; Sano, H (1988). “Structures of duocarmycins, novel antitumor antibiotics produced by Streptomyces sp”. Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin36 (9): 3728–31. PMID3255306.
^Takahashi, I; Takahashi, K; Ichimura, M; Morimoto, M; Asano, K; Kawamoto, I; Tomita, F; Nakano, H (1988). “Duocarmycin A, a new antitumor antibiotic from Streptomyces”. The Journal of antibiotics41 (12): 1915–7. PMID3209484.
^Boger, Dale L. (1991). “Duocarmycins: a new class of sequence selective DNA minor groove alkylating agents”. Chemtracts: Organic Chemistry4 (5): 329–349.
^Dale L. Boger (1993). “Design, synthesis, and evaluation of DNA minor groove binding agents”. Pure & Appl. Chern.65 (6): 1123–1132. doi:10.1351/pac199365061123.