貧困層や先住民の女性、特にアンデス地方の農村地域に居住する人々の人口を抑制することを目的として体系的に実施されました。この施策は、国家主導の国民人口プログラムの一環として行われましたが、そもそもは経済復興と、マルクス主義ゲリラ組織である「センデロ・ルミノソ」(輝ける道)との闘争を目的とした軍事計画「プラン・ベルデ」(スペイン語: Plan Verde) に由来しています。このプログラムは、ペルーの農村部および先住民の住民に対して著しく偏った影響を与えたため、民族浄化またはジェノサイドの一形態として広く非難されています。[要出典]
フジモリ政権は、大統領府と首相府を中心に、不妊手術を経済発展の主要手段と位置づけ、その意図を人口抑制において明らかにしました[2]。1991年には、フジモリ政権の国家人口評議会によって新たな国家人口計画 (スペイン語: Programa Nacional de Población) が策定されました。フジモリの協力を得て、2年にわたって計画されたクーデターが、1992年のペルー・クーデターで遂行されました[10]。これにより、民軍混成政権が確立され、「プラン・ベルデ」に示された目標が実行に移されました[11][6][9]。
Programa Nacional de Poblaciónを通じた脆弱な集団に対する強制的な不妊手術は、民族浄化またはジェノサイド作戦としてさまざまに説明されています[15][16][17][18]。ミシェル・バックとバージニア・サバラは、この計画が民族浄化の一例であると報告しており、それは先住民および農村部の女性を標的にしていました[15]。
Centro Amazónico de Antropología y Aplicación Prácticaは、この行為が「ペルーの植民地時代以来、最大のジェノサイド」であったと述べています[20]。不妊政策の結果として、経済的刺激を提供できない小さな若年世代が形成され、農村地域はさらに貧困化しました[1]。
^Burt, Jo-Marie (September–October 1998). “Unsettled accounts: militarization and memory in postwar Peru”. NACLA Report on the Americas (Taylor & Francis) 32 (2): 35–41. doi:10.1080/10714839.1998.11725657. "the military's growing frustration over the limitations placed upon its counterinsurgency operations by democratic institutions, coupled with the growing inability of civilian politicians to deal with the spiraling economic crisis and the expansion of the Shining Path, prompted a group of military officers to devise a coup plan in the late 1980s. The plan called for the dissolution of Peru's civilian government, military control over the state, and total elimination of armed opposition groups. The plan, developed in a series of documents known as the "Plan Verde," outlined a strategy for carrying out a military coup in which the armed forces would govern for 15 to 20 years and radically restructure state-society relations along neoliberal lines."
^ abcSchulte-Bockholt, Alfredo (2006). “Chapter 5: Elites, Cocaine, and Power in Colombia and Peru”. The politics of organized crime and the organized crime of politics: a study in criminal power. Lexington Books. pp. 114–118. ISBN978-0-7391-1358-5. "important members of the officer corps, particularly within the army, had been contemplating a military coup and the establishment of an authoritarian regime, or a so-called directed democracy. The project was known as 'Plan Verde', the Green Plan. ... Fujimori essentially adopted the 'Plan Verde,' and the military became a partner in the regime. ... The autogolpe, or self-coup, of April 5, 1992, dissolved the Congress and the country's constitution and allowed for the implementation of the most important components of the 'Plan Verde.'"
^ abRospigliosi, Fernando (1996). Las Fuerzas Armadas y el 5 de abril: la percepción de la amenaza subversiva como una motivación golpista. Lima, Peru: Instituto de Estudios Peruanos. pp. 28–40
^ abcdeCoe, Anna-Britt. "From Anti-Natalist to Ultra-Conservative: Restricting Reproductive Choice in Peru", Reproductive Health Matters, Vol. 12, No. 24, Power, Money and Autonomy in National Policies and Programmes (November 2004), pp. 56-69
^Cameron, Maxwell A. (June 1998). “Latin American Autogolpes: Dangerous Undertows in the Third Wave of Democratisation”. Third World Quarterly (Taylor & Francis) 19 (2): 228. doi:10.1080/01436599814433. "the outlines for Peru's presidential coup were first developed within the armed forces before the 1990 election. This Plan Verde was shown to President Fujimorti after the 1990 election before his inauguration. Thus, the president was able to prepare for an eventual self-coup during the first two years of his administration"
^Gaussens, Pierre (2020). “The forced serilization of indigenous population in Mexico in the 1990s”. Canadian Journal of Bioethics3 (3): 180+. doi:10.7202/1073797ar. "a government plan, developed by the Peruvian army between 1989 and 1990s to deal with the Shining Path insurrection, later known as the 'Green Plan', whose (unpublished) text expresses in explicit terms a genocidal intention"
^ abBack, Michele; Zavala, Virginia (2018). Racialization and Language: Interdisciplinary Perspectives From Perú. Routledge. pp. 286–291. https://repositoriodigital.bnp.gob.pe/bnp/recursos/2/html/Racismo-y-lenguaje/286/4 August 2021閲覧. "At the end of the 1980s, a group of military elites secretly developed an analysis of Peruvian society called El cuaderno verde. This analysis established the policies that the following government would have to carry out in order to defeat Shining Path and rescue the Peruvian economy from the deep crisis in which it found itself. El cuaderno verde was passed onto the national press in 1993, after some of these policies were enacted by President Fujimori. ... It was a program that resulted in the forced sterilization of Quechua-speaking women belonging to rural Andean communities. This is an example of 'ethnic cleansing' justified by the state, which claimed that a properly controlled birth rate would improve the distribution of national resources and thus reduce poverty levels. ... The Peruvian state decided to control the bodies of 'culturally backward' women, since they were considered a source of poverty and the seeds of subversive groups"
^Gaussens, Pierre (2020). “The forced serilization of indigenous population in Mexico in the 1990s”. Canadian Journal of Bioethics3 (3): 180–. doi:10.7202/1073797ar. "a government plan, developed by the Peruvian army between 1989 and 1990s to deal with the Shining Path insurrection, later known as the 'Green Plan', whose (unpublished) text expresses in explicit terms a genocidal intention"
^Kravetz, Daniela (2017). “Promoting Domestic Accountability for Conflict-Related Sexual Violence: The Cases of Guatemala, Peru, and Colombia”. American University International Law Review32 (2): 707–762.
^Getgen, Jocelyn E. (Winter 2009). “Untold Truths: The Exclusion of Enforced Sterilizations from the Peruvian Truth Commission's Final Report”. Third World Journal29 (1): 1–34. "This Article argues that these systematic reproductive injustices constitute an act of genocide ... those individuals responsible for orchestrating enforced sterilizations against indigenous Quechua women arguably acted with the necessary mens rea to commit genocide since they knew or should have known that these coercive sterilizations would destroy, in whole or in part, the Quechua people. Highly probative evidence with which one could infer genocidal intent would include the Family Planning Program's specific targeting of poor indigenous women and the systematic nature of its quota system, articulated in the 1989 Plan for a Government of National Reconstruction, or 'Plan Verde.' ... The Plan continued by arguing ... the targeted areas possessed 'incorrigble characters' and lacked resources, all that was left was their 'total extermination.'"