非常に込み入った訴訟は、1904年のアリゾナ準州の孤児列車の里親紹介から生した。ニューヨーク孤児養育院は、18か月から5歳までの40人の白人の子供をアリゾナ準州の教区のカトリック家族に委託するために送り出した。地元の司祭によって里親が承認された家族は、その後の訴訟で「メキシコのインディアン」であることが判明した。これらの子どもたちに付き添う修道女たちは、地元の白人とメキシコ系グループ間の人種的な緊張に気づかず、白人の子どもたちをメキシコのインディアンの家族のもとに里子に預けた。「即時リンチの暴徒団」(just short of a lynch mob) と名乗る白人男性の徒党が、メキシ系のインディアンの家から子どもたちを強制的に連れ出し、彼らのほとんどを白人の家族のもとに預けた。何人かの子どもたちは孤児養育院に戻されたが、19人はアングロアリゾナ準州の白人家族のもとに残った。孤児養育院は、これらの子どもたちの帰還を求める人身保護の令状を提出した。アリゾナ最高裁判所は、子供たちの最善の利益のために、彼らが新しいアリゾナの白人の家族のもとに留まることを望んだと判決を下した。
Big Brother by Annie Fellow-Johnson, an 1893 children's fiction book.
Extra! Extra! The Orphan Trains and Newsboys of New York by Renée Wendinger, an unabridged nonfiction resource book and pictorial history about the orphan trains. ISBN978-0-615-29755-2
Good Boy (Little Orphan at the Train), ノーマン・ロックウェルの絵 - 子ども満載の列車、修道尼が抱きかかえた男の子と後ろに隠れる女の子、それに呼びかける良家の奥様
"Eddie Rode The Orphan Train", a song by Jim Roll and covered by Jason Ringenberg
Last Train Home: An Orphan Train Story, a 2014 historical novella by Renée Wendinger ISBN978-0-9913603-1-4
Orphan Train (film)|Orphan Train, a 1979 television film directed by William A. Graham.
"Rider on an Orphan Train", a song by David Massengill from his 1995 album The Return
Christina Baker Kline#Orphan Train|Orphan Train, a 2013 novel by Christina Baker Kline(邦訳・クリスティーナ・ベイカー・クライン『孤児列車』作品社 2015年)
Placing Out, a 2007 documentary sponsored by the Kansas Humanities Council
トイ・ストーリー3, a 2010 Pixar animated film in which "Orphan Train" is referenced briefly at 00:02:04 - 00:02:07. 里親家庭の人間関係は、このシリーズ全体を通して繰り返し登場する。
"Orphan Train", a song by U. Utah Phillips released on disc 3 of the 4-CD compilation Starlight on the Rails: A Songbook in 2005
Swamplandia!, a novel by Karen Russell, in which a character, Louis Thanksgiving, had been taken from New York to the MidWest on an Orphan Train by The New York Foundling Society after his unwed immigrant mother died in childbirth.
Lost Children Archive, a novel by Valeria Luiselli, where the main character researches the forced movement of several demographics throughout the Americas' history, including the Orphan Trains.
The Copper Children, a play by Karen Zacarias|Karen Zacarías premiered in 2020 at the Oregon Shakespeare Festival.
My Heart Remembers, a 2008 novel by Kim Vogel Sawyer, where the main character and her siblings were separated at a young age as orphans on the orphan train.
"Orphan Train Series" by Jody Hedlund, a series about three orphaned sisters in the 1850s, the Children's Aid Society, and the resettling of orphans from New York to the Midwest[26]
0.5 An Awakened Heart (2017)
1. With You Always (2017)
2. Together Forever (2018)
3. Searching for You (2018)
"Rodzina ", a 2004 historical picturebook by Karen Cushman(en:Karen Cushman) (邦訳・カレン・クシュマン『ロジーナのあした―孤児列車に乗って』徳間書店 2005年)
a "...from the most careful inquiry, they regard suited to have the charge of such children. Six years of experience have increased their caution and watchfulness in this matter, and they now require such guarantees on the part of the masters as will, in their judgment, most conduce to the good of their wards. Regular reports are required both from the children and their masters, and the agent of the asylum visits the greater part of the children when making his trips to locate new companies. In this way, very few are lost sight of, and the results thus far, in the case of those indentured within two years past, are very gratifying."
Three charitable institutions, Children's Village (founded 1851 by 24 philanthropists)
a "...from the most careful inquiry, they regard suited to have the charge of such children. Six years of experience have increased their caution and watchfulness in this matter, and they now require such guarantees on the part of the masters as will, in their judgment, most conduce to the good of their wards. Regular reports are required both from the children and their masters, and the agent of the asylum visits the greater part of the children when making his trips to locate new companies. In this way, very few are lost sight of, and the results thus far, in the case of those indentured within two years past, are very gratifying." *b "On the 30th of June, 1851, the act of incorporation was passed. The corporators named in the act were Robert B. Minturn, Myndert Van Schaick, Robert M. Stratton, Solomon Jenner, Albert Gilbert, Stewart Brown, Francis R. Tillou, David S. Kennedy, Joseph B. Collins, Benjamin F. Butler, Isaac T. Hopper, Charles Partridge, Luther Bradish, Christopher Y. Wemple, Charles O'Conor, John D. Russ, John Duer, Peter Cooper, Apollos R. Wetmore, Frederick S. Winston, James Kelly, Silas C. Herring, Rensselaer N. Havens, and John W. Edmonds" — ¶ 7
Clarke, Herman D. (2007). Orphan Trains and Their Precious Cargo: The Life's Work of Rev. H. D. Clarke. Westminster, Md.: Heritage Books. ISBN978-0788417559
Creagh, Dianne. "The Baby Trains: Catholic Foster Care and Western Migration, 1873-1929", Journal of Social History (2012) 46(1): 197-218.
Holt, Marilyn Irvin. The Orphan Trains: Placing Out in America. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1992. ISBN0-8032-7265-0
Johnson, Mary Ellen, ed. Orphan Train Riders: Their Own Stories. (2 vol. 1992),
Magnuson, James and Dorothea G. Petrie. Orphan Train. New York: Dial Press, 1978. ISBN0-8037-7375-7
O'Connor, Stephen. Orphan Trains: The Story of Charles Loring Brace and the Children He Saved and Failed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2001. ISBN0-3958-4173-9
Patrick, Michael, and Evelyn Trickel. Orphan Trains to Missouri. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1997.
Patrick, Michael, Evelyn Sheets, and Evelyn Trickel. We Are Part of History: The Story of the Orphan Trains. Santa Fe, NM: The Lightning Tree, 1990.
Riley, Tom. The Orphan Trains. New York: LGT Press, 2004. ISBN0-7884-3169-2
Donna Nordmark Aviles. "Orphan Train To Kansas - A True Story". Wasteland Press 2018. ISBN978-1-68111-219-0
Renee Wendinger. "Extra! Extra! The Orphan Trains and Newsboys of New York". Legendary Publications 2009. ISBN978-0-615-29755-2
Clark Kidder. "Emily's Story - The Brave Journey of an Orphan Train Rider". 2007. ISBN978-0-615-15313-1