Ozaki, C. Casey; Johnston, Marc (2009). “The space in between: Issues for multiracial student organizations and advising”. 《New Directions for Student Services》 2008 (123): 53–61. doi:10.1002/ss.286.
↑Sunakawa, Ellie; Willmore, Alison; Varner, Will; Rosenberg, Shannon; Nguyen, Dao; Hua, Bryant (2015년 5월 7일). “31 Things All Half-Asians Know To Be True”. 《BuzzFeed》. 2018년 11월 19일에 확인함.
↑Huynh-Hohnbaum & Yoo 2009, 437: "The term "hapa" is commonly used to refer to multiracial Asian and Pacific Islanders (APIs) and originates from a Native Hawaiian word."쪽.
↑Bernstein & De la Cruz 2009, 723쪽: "Today, 'hapa' is used to describe any person of mixed East and South East Asian or Pacific Islander descent."
↑Ozaki & Johnston 2009, 53–54쪽: "Currently, hapa is often used to refer to anyone of a racially mixed Asian heritage, and even more recently to anyone who is of mixed-race heritage (Taniguchi & Heidenreich 2006)."
↑Folen, Alana; Ng, Tina. “The Hapa Project: How multiracial identity crosses oceans”. 《soc.hawaii.edu》. University of Hawaii at Manoa. 2009년 9월 18일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. Jonathan Okamura, professor of ethnic studies at the University of Hawai`i at Manoa, explained that although hapa is a word that describes all people of mixed ancestry, hapa is primarily used to describe people who are half white and half East or Southeast Asian American.
↑Taniguchi & Heidenreich 2006, 135쪽: "In the United States, individuals recognized the term as meaning mixed Asian/Pacific Islander or, more popularly, part Asian."
↑"Asian or Pacific Islander (API)" was a US Census classification prior to the 2000 US Census subsequently separated into two categories: "Asian" and "Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander".[17]