Toxicofera

Toxicofera (scilicet 'venenifera') sunt cladus Reptilium Squamatorum quo Serpentes, Anguimorpha, et Iguania comprehenduntur. Toxicoferorum sunt fere 4600 specierum (paene 60% Squamatorum exstantium).^[1] Omnes Reptilium venenatorum species multaeque affines sed veneni expertes sunt Toxicofera. Sunt exigua indicia morphologica quae Toxicofera coniungant, sed analyses moleculares universae arguunt unum cladum esse.^[2] Secundum analyses moleculares, origo Toxicoferorum (id est diductio Serpentium ab Anguimorphis et Iguaniis) circa 180 milies mille annis ante nostra tempora evenit.^[3]

Notae

↑ Fry, Bryan G.; Vidal, Nicolas; Norman, Janette A.; Vonk, Freek J.; Scheib, Holger; Ramjan, S. F. Ryan; Kuruppu, Sanjaya; Fung, Kim et al (2005). "Early evolution of the venom system in lizards and snakes". Nature 439 (7076): 584–8 .
↑ Simões, Tiago R., et Pyron, R. Alexander (2021), "The Squamate Tree of Life." Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 163 (2):47–95. [1].
↑ Zaher, Hussam; Mohabey, Dhananjay M; Grazziotin, Felipe G; Wilson Mantilla, Jeffrey A (2022-05-13). "The skull of Sanajeh indicus, a Cretaceous snake with an upper temporal bar, and the origin of ophidian wide-gaped feeding". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 197 (3): 656–697 .

[Fry2006-1] Fry, Bryan G.; Vidal, Nicolas; Norman, Janette A.; Vonk, Freek J.; Scheib, Holger; Ramjan, S. F. Ryan; Kuruppu, Sanjaya; Fung, Kim et al (2005). "Early evolution of the venom system in lizards and snakes". Nature 439 (7076): 584–8 .

[2] Simões, Tiago R., et Pyron, R. Alexander (2021), "The Squamate Tree of Life." Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 163 (2):47–95. [1].

[:0-3] Zaher, Hussam; Mohabey, Dhananjay M; Grazziotin, Felipe G; Wilson Mantilla, Jeffrey A (2022-05-13). "The skull of Sanajeh indicus, a Cretaceous snake with an upper temporal bar, and the origin of ophidian wide-gaped feeding". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 197 (3): 656–697 .

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