ଏଟୋନୋଜେଷ୍ଟ୍ରେଲ ଜନ୍ମ ନିୟନ୍ତ୍ରଣ ପ୍ରତିରୋପଣ

Etonogestrel birth control implant
Implanon
Background
Type	Hormonal Progestin-only implant
First use	1998  ଇଣ୍ଡୋନେସିଆ
Synonyms	Etonogestrel contraceptive implant
Trade names	Implanon, Nexplanon, others
AHFS/Drugs.com	FDA Professional Drug Information
Failure rates (first year)
Perfect use	0.05%[୧]
Typical use	0.05%[୧]
Usage
Duration effect	3 to 5 years[୨][୩]
Reversibility	Yes
User reminders	Requires removal after the 3–5 years[୪]
Advantages and disadvantages
STI protection	No
Weight	May cause weight gain
Period disadvantages	May cause irregular or prolonged bleeding
Period advantages	Minimizes pain. In 33% no periods.
Benefits	Long-term contraception.

ଏଟୋନୋଜେଷ୍ଟ୍ରେଲ ଜନ୍ମ ନିୟନ୍ତ୍ରଣ ପ୍ରତିରୋପଣ (ଏକ ବ୍ରାଣ୍ଡ ନାମ ନେକ୍ସପ୍ଲାନନ) ଏକ ଉପକରଣ ଯାହା ଏଟୋନୋଜେଷ୍ଟ୍ରେଲ ପ୍ରଲିପ୍ତ ଏକ ରଡ ସାହାଯ୍ୟରେ ଜନ୍ମ ନିରୋଧ ପାଇଁ ବ୍ୟବହୃତ ହୁଏ | ^[୫] ସମସ୍ତ ପ୍ରଭାବଶାଳୀ ଉପାୟମାନଙ୍କ ମଧ୍ୟରୁ ଏହା ଅନ୍ୟତମ ଓ ଏହାର ଏକ ବର୍ଷର ବିଫଳତା ହାର ପ୍ରାୟ ୦.୦୫% ମାତ୍ର | ^[୬] ଏହା ଅତି କମରେ ତିନି କିମ୍ବା ଚାରି ବର୍ଷ ପର୍ଯ୍ୟନ୍ତ କାମ କରେ ଓ କେତେକ ଡାଟା ଅନୁସାରେ ପାଞ୍ଚ ବର୍ଷ ପାଇଁ ଫଳପ୍ରଦ ହେବା ଦେଖାଉଅଛି | ^{[୨] [୪] [୭] [୮]} ଏହି ଯନ୍ତ୍ର ଚର୍ମ ତଳେ ରଖାଯାଏ | ^[୨] ଏହାର ଅପସାରଣ ପରେ ଉର୍ବରତା ଶୀଘ୍ର ଫେରିଆସେ | ^[୯]

ସାଧାରଣ ପାର୍ଶ୍ୱ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟାରେ ଅନିୟମିତ ରକ୍ତସ୍ରାବ ସହିତ ଋତୁସ୍ରାବ ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତନ ହୋଇପାରେ, ପ୍ରାୟ ଏକ ତୃତୀୟାଂଶ ମହିଳା ମାସିକ ଋତୁସ୍ରାବ ଆଦୌ ହେଉ ନଥିବା ରିପୋର୍ଟ କରନ୍ତି । ^{[୯] [୧୦] [୧୧]} ଯକୃତ ରୋଗୀଙ୍କୁ ଏହା ଦିଆଯାଏ ନାହିଁ। ^[୧୨] ଇଟୋନୋଜେଷ୍ଟ୍ରେଲ ପ୍ରତିରୋପଣ ହେଉଛି ଏକ ପ୍ରକାର ଦୀର୍ଘ-କାର୍ଯ୍ୟକ୍ଷମ ଜନ୍ମ ନିରୋଧକ ଯାହା ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତନ କରାଯାଇପାରେ । ^[୧୩] ଏହା ଡିମ୍ବକ୍ଷରଣ ବନ୍ଦ କରେ, ସର୍ଭିକ୍ସରେ ଥିବା ମ୍ୟୁକସ ମୋଟା କରିଦିଏ ଓ ଜରାୟୁର ଅନ୍ତସ୍ତରକୁ ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତନ କରି କାର୍ଯ୍ୟକ୍ଷମ ହୁଏ | ^[୧୪]

ରେ ଇଣ୍ଡୋନେସିଆରେ ୧୯୯୮ ମସିହାରେ ଏବଂ ଆମେରିକାରେ ୨୦୦୬ ମସିହାରେ ଡାକ୍ତରୀ ବ୍ୟବହାର ପାଇଁ ଏଟୋନୋଜେଷ୍ଟ୍ରେଲ ପ୍ରତିରୋପଣ ଅନୁମୋଦନ କରାଯାଇଥିଲା। ^{[୧୫] [୧୬]} ବିଶ୍ୱ ସ୍ୱାସ୍ଥ୍ୟ ସଂଗଠନର ଜରୁରୀ ଔଷଧ ତାଲିକାରେ ଏହା ନାମ ଲିପିବଦ୍ଧ ଅଛି । ^[୧୭] ଏହା ଏକ ଜେନେରିକ ଔଷଧ ଯାହା ବିନା ପ୍ରେସକ୍ରିପସନରେ ମିଳେ | ^[୧୮] ବିକାଶଶୀଳ ଦେଶରେ ଏହାର ହୋଲସେଲ ମୂଲ୍ୟ ପ୍ରାୟ ୮.୯୩ରୁ ୧୩.୨୯ ଡଲାର ଅଟେ | ^[୧୯] ଯୁକ୍ତରାଜ୍ୟରେ ଏହି ଉପକରଣର ଏନଏଚଏସ ମୂଲ୍ୟ ପ୍ରାୟ ୮୩.୪୩ ପାଉଣ୍ଡ ଅଟେ | ^[୨୦] ଯୁକ୍ତରାଷ୍ଟ୍ରରେ ଏହାର ମୂଲ୍ୟ ପ୍ରାୟ ୬୨୫.୦୦ ଆମେରିକୀୟ ଡଲାର | ^[୧୩] ନବେରୁ ଅଧିକ ଦେଶରେ ଏଟୋନୋଜେଷ୍ଟ୍ରେଲ ପ୍ରତିରୋପଣ ଅନୁମୋଦିତ ହୋଇଛି ଏବଂ ୨୦୧୦ ମସିହା ସୁଦ୍ଧା ବିଶ୍ୱର ପ୍ରାୟ ତିନି ନିୟୁତ ମହିଳା ଏହାକୁ ବ୍ୟବହାର କରୁଛନ୍ତି। ^{[୨୧] [୨୨]}

ଆଧାର

1. Trussell, James (2011). "Contraceptive efficacy" (PDF). In Hatcher, Robert A.; Trussell, James; Nelson, Anita L.; Cates, Willard; Kowal, Deborah; Policar, Michael S. (eds.). Contraceptive technology (20th revised ed.). New York: Ardent Media. pp. 779–863. ISBN 978-1-59708-004-0. ISSN 0091-9721. OCLC 781956734. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2013-11-12. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |name-list-format= ignored (|name-list-style= suggested) (help)
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6. Wipf, Joyce (2015). Women's Health, An Issue of Medical Clinics of North America. Elsevier Health Sciences. pp. 507–509. ISBN 9780323376082. Archived from the original on 2017-09-24. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |name-list-format= ignored (|name-list-style= suggested) (help)
7. Hatcher, Robert Anthony (September 2018). Contraceptive technology. Hatcher, Robert A. (Robert Anthony), 1937- (21st ed.). New York, NY. pp. Chapter 4, specifically pages 129–134. ISBN 978-1732055605. OCLC 1048947218.
8. "Long-Acting Reversible Contraception: Implants and Intrauterine Devices - ACOG". www.acog.org. Retrieved 20 August 2019.
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10. Shoupe, Donna; Mishell, Daniel R. (2015). The Handbook of Contraception: A Guide for Practical Management (2 ed.). Humana Press. p. 140. ISBN 9783319201856. Archived from the original on 2017-09-24. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |name-list-format= ignored (|name-list-style= suggested) (help)
11. "Implanon - FDA prescribing information, side effects and uses". www.drugs.com. Archived from the original on 1 January 2017. Retrieved 1 January 2017.
12. "Implanon - FDA prescribing information, side effects and uses". www.drugs.com. Archived from the original on 1 January 2017. Retrieved 1 January 2017.
13. Wipf, Joyce (2015). Women's Health, An Issue of Medical Clinics of North America. Elsevier Health Sciences. pp. 507–509. ISBN 9780323376082. Archived from the original on 2017-09-24. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |name-list-format= ignored (|name-list-style= suggested) (help)
14. Pattman, Richard; Sankar, Nathan; Handy, Pauline; Price, David Ashley (2010). Oxford Handbook of Genitourinary Medicine, HIV, and Sexual Health. OUP Oxford. p. 368. ISBN 9780199571666. Archived from the original on 2017-09-24. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |name-list-format= ignored (|name-list-style= suggested) (help)
15. Shoupe, Donna; Mishell, Daniel R. (2015). The Handbook of Contraception: A Guide for Practical Management (2 ed.). Humana Press. p. 140. ISBN 9783319201856. Archived from the original on 2017-09-24. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |name-list-format= ignored (|name-list-style= suggested) (help)
16. Senanayake, Pramilla; Potts, Malcolm (2008). Atlas of Contraception, Second Edition (2 ed.). CRC Press. p. 53. ISBN 9780203347324. Archived from the original on 2017-09-24. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |name-list-format= ignored (|name-list-style= suggested) (help)
17. World Health Organization (2019). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/325771. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
18. British national formulary : BNF 76 (76 ed.). Pharmaceutical Press. 2018. p. 791. ISBN 9780857113382.
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20. British national formulary : BNF 76 (76 ed.). Pharmaceutical Press. 2018. p. 791. ISBN 9780857113382.
21. Pattman, Richard; Sankar, Nathan; Handy, Pauline; Price, David Ashley (2010). Oxford Handbook of Genitourinary Medicine, HIV, and Sexual Health. OUP Oxford. p. 368. ISBN 9780199571666. Archived from the original on 2017-09-24. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |name-list-format= ignored (|name-list-style= suggested) (help)
22. Senanayake, Pramilla; Potts, Malcolm (2008). Atlas of Contraception, Second Edition (2 ed.). CRC Press. p. 53. ISBN 9780203347324. Archived from the original on 2017-09-24. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |name-list-format= ignored (|name-list-style= suggested) (help)