ਮਦਦ:ਤੁਰਕ, ਅਜ਼ੇਰੀ ਅਤੇ ਤੁਰਕਮੇਨ ਲਈ IPA

The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Oghuz Turcomanic substratum of Turkish, Azerbaijani and Turkmen pronunciations in Wikipedia articles.

See the respective coverage of phonology of Turkish, Azerbaijani and Turkmen for more thorough discussion of the sounds of these languages.

ਵਿਅੰਜਨ IPA Examples ਅੰਗਰੇਜ਼ੀ ਤੁਲ b b about d d ado d͡ʒ c (Turkish/Azeri), j (Turkmen) dodge f ɸ f food ɡ g (Turkish/Turkmen), q (Azeri) [1] ago ɟ g[1] gear ∅ ɣ ʁ ğ (Turkish/Azeri)[2], g (Turkmen) [2] j β h [3] h home j y (Turkish/Azeri), ý (Turkmen) yet k q k skill; (Turkmen) k in the throat c [4] k k[1] ski l l lâle 'tulip'[1] leaf ɫ lala 'tutor'[1] wool m m much n n not — ŋ ň (Turkmen) wing p p span ɾ r (US) pretty; Scottish r s θ s sue; think ʃ ş shoe t t table t͡ʃ ç catch v [5] β v (Turkish/Azeri), w (Turkmen) vase, how[5]; as Spanish lava — x x (Azeri), h (Turkmen)[4] Bach z ð z zone; then ʒ j (Turkish/Azeri), ž (Turkmen) beige

Vowels IPA Examples English equivalent a dal 'branch' Spanish or French a to English dull ɑ Azərbaycan (Azeri) bra æ Azərbaycan (Azeri) Äzerbeýjan (Turkmen) meltem 'breeze' (Turkish) cat e gelin 'bride' very i dil 'tongue' deal o yol 'way' old ø gör 'to see' German ö u uçak 'airplane' loot but shorter ɯ ılık (Turkish/Azeri) 'mild' ylyk (Turkmen) rather like roses, or the second vowel of doesn't y güneş 'sun' German ü or French u Suprasegmentals IPA ਮਿਸਾਲਾਂ ˈ torbalı /torbaˈlɯ/ 'with bag' Torbalı /ˈtorbalɯ/ (a place name) [6] ː â, î, û, ğ[2] âlem /aːlem/ 'world'

ਹਵਾਲੇ

1. [c]~[k] (Turkish/Azeri) / [k]~[q] (Turkmen), [ɟ]~[ɡ](Turkish) / [ɡ]~[ʁ] (Turkmen), [l]~[ɫ] only contrast in loan words before <â, û> vs. <a, u>; in native words, [c/k, ɟ/ɡ, l] occur before the front vowels (/e/, /i/, /ø/, /y/), while [k/q, ɡ, ɫ] occur before the back vowels (/a/, /o/, /u/, /ɯ/).
2. In Turkish, between unrounded front vowels (/e/, /i/), ğ is similar to English y. Between unrounded back vowels (/a/, /ɯ/), it is silent. Between rounded vowels (/o/, /ø/, /u/, /y/) it is either silent or may have a very light [β] sound. Word-finally or before a consonant, it lengthens the preceding vowel.,
3. In Turkmen, [h] occurs before front vowels (/e/, /i/, /ø/, /y/) while [x] occurs before back vowels (/a/, /o/, /u/, /ɯ/).
4. In many eastern Turkish/Azeri dialects, [c] at the end of a word or before a voiceless consonant may become [ç] as in huge.
5. /v/ may be [w] after a vowel or in some loanwords.
6. In Turkish proper, excepting certain unstressed suffixes and stressed verb tenses, proper nouns are typically stressed on the 2nd or 3rd last syllable, and other words on the last syllable.