انارشیزم یوه سیاسي فلسفه ده، چې د انساني اړیکو د ترسره کولو په برخه کې حاکمې ډلې او دولت نامطلوبه، غیر ضروري او مضر ګڼي یا دا چې په تلپاتې توګه یې د متضاد یا مخالف واک او طبقاتي سازمان په توګه ګڼي. [۱][۲][۳]
د انارشیزم پلویان په انارشیستانو مشهور دي او د هغو ټولنو، چې دولت ونه لري او د غیر طبقاتي داوطلبانه اتحادیو او انجمنونو پر بنسټ ولاړ وي ملاتړ کوي. په هر حال، انارشیستي فکري مکتبونه کولای شي په اساسي توګه سره جلا وي او د افراطي وګړپالنې نه نیولې تر بشپړې ډلې پالنې او هم مهاله لېوالتیاوو (لکه بغاوتي انارشیزم) پورې د ټولو ملاتړ کوي. د انارشیزم بېلابېلې بڼې تر ډېره د ټولنیز انارشیزم او وګړپال اناشیزم په ډلو یا دې ته ورته دوه ګونو ډلبندیو لکه زرغون انارشیزم او له کین اړخ نه وروسته انارشیزم په ډلو وېشل کېږي.[۴][۵][۶][۷][۸][۹][۱۰]
انارشیزم تر ډېره د یوې کیڼ اړخې رادیکالي ایډیالوژۍ یا افراطي کیڼ اړخې ایډیالوژۍ په توګه ګڼل کیږي او تر ډېره د انارشیستي اقتصاد او حقوقي فلسفې لویه برخه د استبداد ضد، د دولت ګرایۍ ضد او ازادي غوښتونکو تفاسیرو څرګندوونکی دی، چې له رادیکالي کیڼ اړخ او دغه راز سوسیالیستي سیاستونو لکه کمونیزم، ډلې پالنې، ازاد بازار، وګړ پالنې، ګډ اقتصاد او سندیکالیزم یا د صنفي اتحادیو پیروي نه اخیستل شوي. ځینې وخت «ډله پالونکو، کمونیستي، لیبرالي او وګړپالونکو فکري برخو چې انارشیستانو له هغو نه الهام اخیستی و، د مخ په زیاتېدونکي ځانګړي کیفیت پر موندلو پیل وکړ او په دې توګه یې د یو شمېر انارشیستي مکتبونو له رامنځته کېدو نه ملاتړ وکړ». [۱۱][۱۲][۱۳][۱۴][۱۵]
د ډیویډ ګرابر په نامه نامتو انسان پېژندونکي یادونه کړې، چې سره له دې چې ډېری مارکسیستي فکري مکتبونه (لکه لنینیزم، تروتسکیزم او مائوییزم) تل ځینې بنسټګر لري، انارشیستي مکتبونه «تقریباً تل له سازماني اصل یا له عملي بڼې نه راڅرګندېږي».[۱۶]
↑Malatesta, Errico. "Towards Anarchism". Man!. Los Angeles: International Group of San Francisco. OCLC3930443. Archived from the original on 7 November 2012. نه اخيستل شوی 14 February 2018. Agrell, Siri (2007-05-14). "Working for The Man". The Globe and Mail. Archived from the original on 2007-05-16. نه اخيستل شوی 2008-04-14. "Anarchism". Encyclopædia Britannica. (2006). Encyclopædia Britannica Premium Service. "Anarchism". The Shorter Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy: 14. 2005. Anarchism is the view that a society without the state, or government, is both possible and desirable. The following sources cite anarchism as a political philosophy: Mclaughlin, Paul (2007). Anarchism and Authority. Aldershot: Ashgate. p. 59. ISBN978-0-7546-6196-2. Johnston, R. (2000). The Dictionary of Human Geography. Cambridge: Blackwell Publishers. p. 24. ISBN0-631-20561-6.
↑Slevin, Carl. "Anarchism." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Politics. Ed. Iain McLean and Alistair McMillan. Oxford University Press, 2003.
↑"That is why Anarchy, when it works to destroy authority in all its aspects, when it demands the abrogation of laws and the abolition of the mechanism that serves to impose them, when it refuses all hierarchical organization and preaches free agreement — at the same time strives to maintain and enlarge the precious kernel of social customs without which no human or animal society can exist". Peter Kropotkin. "Anarchism: its philosophy and ideal"Archived 18 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine..
↑"Anarchists are opposed to irrational (e.g., illegitimate) authority, in other words, hierarchy — hierarchy being the institutionalisation of authority within a society". "آرشیف کاپي". Archived from the original on 15 June 2012. نه اخيستل شوی 24 September 2022. {{cite web}}: External link in |خونديځ تړی= (help); Unknown parameter |تاريخ الأرشيف= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |خونديځ-تړی= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |مسار الأرشيف= ignored (help) "B.1 Why are anarchists against authority and hierarchy?" in An Anarchist FAQ.
↑"ANARCHISM, a social philosophy that rejects authoritarian government and maintains that voluntary institutions are best suited to express man’s natural social tendencies". George Woodcock. "Anarchism" at The Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
↑"In a society developed on these lines, the voluntary associations which already now begin to cover all the fields of human activity would take a still greater extension so as to substitute themselves for the state in all its functions". "Anarchism"Archived 6 January 2012 at the Wayback Machine.. Peter Kropotkin. The Encyclopædia Britannica.
↑Slevin, Carl. "Anarchism." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Politics. Ed. Iain McLean and Alistair McMillan. Oxford University Press, 2003.
↑Ostergaard, Geoffrey. "Anarchism". The Blackwell Dictionary of Modern Social Thought. Blackwell Publishing. p. 14.
↑Kropotkin, Peter (2002). Anarchism: A Collection of Revolutionary Writings. Courier Dover Publications. p. 5. ISBN0-486-41955-X.R.B. Fowler (1972). "The Anarchist Tradition of Political Thought". Western Political Quarterly. University of Utah. 25 (4): 738–752. doi:10.2307/446800. JSTOR446800.
↑Brooks, Frank H. (1994). The Individualist Anarchists: An Anthology of Liberty (1881–1908). Transaction Publishers. p. xi. ISBN1-56000-132-1. Usually considered to be an extreme left-wing ideology, anarchism has always included a significant strain of radical individualism, from the hyperrationalism of Godwin, to the egoism of Stirner, to the libertarians and anarcho-capitalists of today.
↑Kahn, Joseph (2000). "Anarchism, the Creed That Won't Stay Dead; The Spread of World Capitalism Resurrects a Long-Dormant Movement". The New York Times (5 August).Colin Moynihan (2007). "Book Fair Unites Anarchists. In Spirit, Anyway". New York Times (16 April).
↑Moynihan, Colin. "Book Fair Unites Anarchists. In Spirit, Anyway". The New York Times (16 April).
↑"The anarchists were unanimous in subjecting authoritarian socialism to a barrage of severe criticism. At the time when they made violent and satirical attacks these were not entirely well founded, for those to whom they were addressed were either primitive or "vulgar" communists, whose thought had not yet been fertilized by Marxist humanism, or else, in the case of Marx and Engels themselves, were not as set on authority and state control as the anarchists made out". Daniel Guerin, Anarchism: From Theory to PracticeArchived 6 April 2020 at the Wayback Machine. (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1970).
↑Mark Bevir (ed). Encyclopedia of Political Theory. SAGE. Los Angeles. 2010. p. 34.
↑Levy, Carl (2004). "Anarchism, Internationalism and Nationalism in Europe, 1860–1939". Australian Journal of Politics and History. 50 (3): 337–338. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8497.2004.00337.x.
↑Levy, Carl; Newman, Saul, eds. (2019). The Anarchist Imagination: Anarchism Encounters the Humanities and the Social Sciences. Interventions. Routledge. p. 12. ISBN978-1-138-78276-1.
↑Cornell, Andrew (2016). Unruly Equality: U.S. Anarchism in the Twentieth Century. University of California Press. p. 5. ISBN978-0-520-96184-5.
↑Levy, Carl (2004). "Anarchism, Internationalism and Nationalism in Europe, 1860–1939". Australian Journal of Politics and History. 50 (3): 330. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8497.2004.00337.x.
↑Moya, Jose C. (2015). "Transference, culture, and critique The Circulation of Anarchist Ideas and Practices". In De Laforcade, Geoffroy; Shaffer, Kirwin, R., ed. In Defiance of Boundaries: Anarchism in Latin American History. University Press of Florida. p. 327. ISBN978-0-8130-5138-3.
↑Moya, Jose C. (2015). "Transference, culture, and critique The Circulation of Anarchist Ideas and Practices". In De Laforcade, Geoffroy; Shaffer, Kirwin, R., ed. In Defiance of Boundaries: Anarchism in Latin American History. University Press of Florida. p. 331. ISBN978-0-8130-5138-3.
↑"A member of a community," The Mutualist; this 1826 series criticized Robert Owen's proposals, and has been attributed to Josiah Warren or another dissident Owenite in the same circles; Wilbur, Shawn, 2006, "More from the 1826 "Mutualist"?"
↑Warren published the periodical "The Peaceful Revolutionist" in 1833, seven years before Proudhon's "What is Property."
↑"While more learned men lost faith in utopias and in human nature when the New Harmony experiment failed, Warren became more trusting than before in man's intelligence and perfectibility." – Native American Anarchism, pg. 94, Eunice Schuster
↑"Under the mutual system, each individual will receive the just and exact pay for his work; services equivalent in cost being exchangeable for services equivalent in cost, without profit or discount; and so much as the individual laborer will then get over and above what he has earned will come to him as his share in the general prosperity of the community of which he is an individual member." From "Communism versus Mutualism", Socialistic, Communistic, Mutualistic and Financial Fragments. (Boston: Lee & Shepard, 1875) by William Batchelder Greene
↑Avrich, Paul. Anarchist Voices: An Oral History of Anarchism in America, Princeton University Press 1996 ISBN0-691-04494-5, p. 6
Blackwell Encyclopaedia of Political Thought, Blackwell Publishing 1991 ISBN0-631-17944-5, p. 11
When... production comes to outstrip consumption... [e]veryone will draw what he needs from the abundant social reserve of commodities, without fear of depletion; and the moral sentiment which will be more highly developed among free and equal workers will prevent, or greatly reduce, abuse and waste.
They [the Marxists] maintain that only a dictatorship – their dictatorship, of course – can create the will of the people, while our answer to this is: No dictatorship can have any other aim but that of self-perpetuation, and it can beget only slavery in the people tolerating it; freedom can be created only by freedom, that is, by a universal rebellion on the part of the people and free organization of the toiling masses from the bottom up.
↑Bakunin, Mikhail. Bakunin on Anarchism. Black Rose Books. 1980. p. 369