Kavkazdagi arablar

Arablar birinchi marta Kavkazda VIII asrda, Forsni arablar bosib olishi davrida oʻzini namoyon qilgan (yana q. Armanistonning musulmonlar tomonidan bosib olinishi va Gruziyadagi arablar hukmronligi ). X asrda Abbosiylar xalifaligining qisqarish jarayonidan so‘ng mintaqada arablar tomonidan boshqariladigan bir qancha knyazliklar, asosan Shirvon knyazligi (hozirgi Ozarbayjonning katta qismi va Dog‘istonning janubi-sharqiy qismi) Mazyadiylar sulolasi hukmronlik qilgan. Shirvon hukmdorlari ( Shirvonshohlar) Janubi-Sharqiy Kavkazning katta qismiga oʻz nazoratini yoyib, shu bilan birga arab dunyosidan tobora yakkalanib qolganligi sababli ular asta-sekin forslashuv jarayonini boshdan kechirayotgan edilar. Shirvonshohlarning arab shaxsiy ismlari o‘z o‘rnini fors ismlariga bo‘shatib berdi, hukmron sulola a’zolari qadimgi fors millatiga mansub (ehtimol, islomgacha bo‘lgan mahalliy zodagonlar bilan turmush qurishgan bo‘lishi mumkin ^[1])) deb da’vo qilishdi va fors tili asta-sekin saroy va shahar tiliga aylandi. aholi, ^[2] qishloq aholisi esa Kavkaz Albaniyasining mahalliy tillarida gaplashishda davom etgan. Biroq XVII asrga kelib ^[3] mahalliy turkiy idioma (keyinchalik hozirgi ozarbayjon tiliga aylanadi) millatlararo muloqot tili bilan bir qatorda kundalik hayot tiliga aylandi ^[4].

Oʻrta asrlarda arablarning koʻchishi davom etdi. Arablarning koʻchmanchi qabilalari mahalliy aholi tomonidan assimilyatsiya qilinayotgan hududga vaqti-vaqti bilan kirib kelgan. 1728-yilda Iogann-Gustav Gärber ismli rus - shved zobiti Mug'on (hozirgi Ozarbayjon) Kaspiy sohillari yaqinida qishki yaylovlarni ijaraga olgan sunniy arab ko'chmanchilari guruhini tasvirlab beradi ^[5] ^[6]. Arab koʻchmanchilari Kavkazga XVI-XVII asrlarda kelgan boʻlsa kerak ^[7]..1888-yilda Rossiya imperiyasining Boku gubernatorligida haligacha noma'lum miqdordagi arablar yashar edi ^[8] ^[9].

Til

Gärber o'z ma'ruzasida: Mug'onning arab ko'chmanchilari "turkiy-arab aralash tillarida" gaplashishini eslatib o'tdi. 1840 -yilda Abbosgulu Bakixonov Shirvonning ba'zi aholisi orasida "arab tilining o'zgartirilgan versiyasini" tasdiqladi ^[10]. Arab tili yoki uning mahalliy xilma-xilligi Ozarbayjonda 19-asrning ikkinchi yarmigacha, Dogʻistonda esa 1930-yillargacha ( Tabasaran tumanidagi Darvagda ) saqlanib qolgan ^[7] shundan soʻng bu choʻntaklar aholisi oʻzini ozarbayjon, Ozarbayjon tilini ona tili sifatida qabul qilgan. 1897-yilgi Rossiya imperatorining aholini ro'yxatga olish ma'lumotlariga ko'ra, Dog'istonning markaziy va janubiy hududlarida 912 arab tilida so'zlashuvchilar ^[11] va Ozarbayjon bor. Shunisi e'tiborga loyiqki, adabiy arab tili asrlar davomida Dog'istonda o'rganish tili sifatidagi rolini saqlab qoldi ^[12]. 1920-yildan 1923- yilgacha Ozarbayjon tiliga (keyinroq Dog'istonning boshqa mahalliy tillariga) almashtirilgunga qadar mahalliy maktablarda asosiy ta'lim tili bo'lgan ^[13].

2012-yil holatiga ko'ra Ozarbayjon va Dog'istondagi o'nlab qishloqlarning nomlari (masalan, Arabgadim, Arabojaghy, Arablar, Arab-Yengija, Chol Arab va boshqalar).) bir paytlar Arab aholisining izlari bor.

Manbalar:

↑ V. Minorsky, A History of Sharvan and Darband in the 10th-11th Centuries, Cambridge, 1958.
↑ История Востока. В 6 т. Т. 2. Восток в средние века. М., «Восточная литература», 2002. ISBN 5-02-017711-3 (History of the East. In 6 volumes. Volume 2. Moscow, publishing house of the Russian Academy of sciences «East literature»): The polyethnic population of Albania left-bank at this time is increasingly moving to the Persian language. Mainly this applies to cities of Aran and Shirvan, as begin from the ninth-tenth centuries named two main areas in the territory of Azerbaijan. With regard to the rural population, it would seem, mostly retained for a long time, their old languages, related to modern Daghestanian family, especially Lezgin.
↑ Adam Olearius. Description of travels of the Holstein Ambassadors to Muscovy and Persia.
↑ Barthold, W., C.E. Bosworth "Shirwan Shah, Sharwan Shah. "Encyclopaedia of Islam. Edited by: P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel and W.P. Heinrichs. Brill, 2nd edition
↑ Genko, A. The Arabic Language and Caucasian Studies. USSR Academy of Sciences Publ. Moscow-Leningrad. 8–109
↑ Richard Tapper. Frontier Nomads of Iran: A Political History of the Shahsevan. Cambridge University Press, 1997; p. 103
↑ ^7,0 ^7,1 Zelkina, Anna. Arabic as a Minority Language. Walter de Gruyter, 2000; p. 101
↑ Baynes, Thomas Spencer (ed). "Transcaucasia." Encyclopædia Britannica. 1888. p. 514
↑ Americanized Encyclopædia Britannica. v.9. Belford-Clarke co., 1890; p.5899
↑ Golestan-i Iram by Abbasgulu Bakikhanov. Translated by Ziya Bunyadov. Baku: 1991, p. 21
↑ 1897 Russian Census - Dagestan
↑ Literatures of the North Caucasus and Dagestan by L.G.Golubeva et al.
↑ Alexandre Bennigsen, S. Enders Wimbush. Muslims of the Soviet Empire. C. Hurst & Co. Publishers, 1985; p. 138

[MINORSKYH-1] V. Minorsky, A History of Sharvan and Darband in the 10th-11th Centuries, Cambridge, 1958.

[2] История Востока. В 6 т. Т. 2. Восток в средние века. М., «Восточная литература», 2002. ISBN 5-02-017711-3 (History of the East. In 6 volumes. Volume 2. Moscow, publishing house of the Russian Academy of sciences «East literature»): The polyethnic population of Albania left-bank at this time is increasingly moving to the Persian language. Mainly this applies to cities of Aran and Shirvan, as begin from the ninth-tenth centuries named two main areas in the territory of Azerbaijan. With regard to the rural population, it would seem, mostly retained for a long time, their old languages, related to modern Daghestanian family, especially Lezgin.

[3] Adam Olearius. Description of travels of the Holstein Ambassadors to Muscovy and Persia.

[EIB-4] Barthold, W., C.E. Bosworth "Shirwan Shah, Sharwan Shah. "Encyclopaedia of Islam. Edited by: P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel and W.P. Heinrichs. Brill, 2nd edition

[5] Genko, A. The Arabic Language and Caucasian Studies. USSR Academy of Sciences Publ. Moscow-Leningrad. 8–109

[6] Richard Tapper. Frontier Nomads of Iran: A Political History of the Shahsevan. Cambridge University Press, 1997; p. 103

[zelkina-7] 7,0 ^7,1 Zelkina, Anna. Arabic as a Minority Language. Walter de Gruyter, 2000; p. 101

[8] Baynes, Thomas Spencer (ed). "Transcaucasia." Encyclopædia Britannica. 1888. p. 514

[9] Americanized Encyclopædia Britannica. v.9. Belford-Clarke co., 1890; p.5899

[10] Golestan-i Iram by Abbasgulu Bakikhanov. Translated by Ziya Bunyadov. Baku: 1991, p. 21

[11] 1897 Russian Census - Dagestan

[12] Literatures of the North Caucasus and Dagestan by L.G.Golubeva et al.

[13] Alexandre Bennigsen, S. Enders Wimbush. Muslims of the Soviet Empire. C. Hurst & Co. Publishers, 1985; p. 138

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