Rhissa Ag Boula

Rhissa Ag Boula ngo-1993

URhissa Ag Boula ngusopolitiki waseNigerien Tuareg nowayesakuba yinkokeli yamaqela abavukeli phakathi kowe-1990–1995 kunye noKhuseleko lwaseTuareg olusekelwe ngowama-2007–2009. WayenguMphathiswa wezoKhenketho waseNigeria ukusuka ngo-1996 ukuya ku-1999, kwaye kwakhona ukusuka ngo-1999 ukuya ku-2004. Ukubanjwa kwakhe ngezityholo zokubulala ngo-2004 kwabangela ungquzulwano oluxhobileyo phakathi kwabaxhasi bakhe kunye norhulumente waseNiger. Inkokeli yezopolitiko emva koxolo luka-1995, yaphinda yazimanya neqela labavukeli abavela phesheya ngo-2007, yaza yaseka iqela layo elisuka phesheya ngo-2008, yazimanya nenkqubo yoxolo ngo-2009. Ngowama-2010 waphinda wabanjwa emva kokuba ebuyele eNiger.

Ngo-2023 wabhengeza ukudalwa kweBhunga lokuchasa iRiphabhlikhi elijolise ekubhukuqeni i-junta kunye nokubuyisela i-Bazoum esikhundleni.[1] Ukwathe ixhasa ungenelelo lwamazwe ngamazwe lwe-ECOWAS kunye nabanye abadlali ukuba bagxothe i-junta.

Umsebenzi wezopolitiko

[tshintsha | Yenza izilungiso kokubhaliweyo]

1990s-2000s

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U-Ag Boula wayeyinkokeli ye-1990s Front for the Liberation of Aïr kunye ne-Azaouak (FLAA), enye yamaqela amabini aphambili abavukeli kungquzulwano. URhissa kunye noMano Dayak baba ziinkokeli ezidityanelweyo ezithe zathethathethana ngesivumelwano soxolo kunye norhulumente waseNigerien, i-Armed Resistance Organization (ORA). Emva kwe-15 April 1995 "i-Ouagadougou Accords" isivumelwano soxolo kunye ne-1996 ye-Nigerien coup d'état, u-Ag Boula waqhubeka nokukhuthaza kwakhe kwezopolitiko phantsi koMongameli u-Ibrahim Bare Mainassara kwaye wenziwa uMphathiswa wezoKhenketho eNiger ukusuka kwi-1997 ukuya ku-Aprili we-1999. Kule ndima, wakhuthaza ukhenketho olukhulu lwamazwe ngamazwe kwiNgingqi ye-Agadez. Ukulandela ubhukuqo-mbuso luka-1999 kunye nokubuyela kwidemokhrasi, waphinda (1999-2004) wonyulwa njengoMphathiswa wezoKhenketho phantsi koMongameli Mamadou Tandja. U-Ag Boula wayekwi-Executive ye-Union for Democracy and Social Progress-Amana party ukusukela ekusekweni kwayo ngo-1990 ukuya kutsho ngo-2005, kunye nomongameli weqela ngo-2005-2008.

2004 ukubanjwa

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Ngomnyaka ka-2004 wabizwa njengehlakani kwi-26 kaJanuwari yokubulala itshantliziyo leqela elilawulayo leMNSD uAdam Amangue eTchirozerine. U-Ag Boula wagxothwa njengoMphathiswa ngomhla we-13 kweyoMdumba, waza ngomhla we-14 kuJulayi wagwetywa ngokuyalela ukuba kubulawe amanye amadoda amathathu. Ukuqala ngoJulayi 2005, abavukeli abaninzi baseTuareg ababekhokelwa ngumzalwana kaRhissa u-Mohamed Ag Boula, baqala ukuhlaselwa ngasenyakatho, bafikelela ekuthunjweni kwamapolisa amathathu aseNiger kunye nejoni elinye, befuna ukukhululwa kowayesakuba nguMphathiswa.

Uthethwano lwaseLibya lube nesiphumo sokukhululwa okwethutyana kwe-Ag Boula ngoMatshi ka-2005, inyanga emva kokukhululwa ngokukhuselekileyo kwabathinjwa.[2]

2007 – 2009 imvukelo

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Ngo-2007 kwabakho imvukelo ehlaziyiweyo emantla eNiger, inxalenye yebango lokuba izivumelwano zika-1995 azihlonitshwa. U-Ag Boula ekuqaleni wazama ukulamla egameni labavukeli abavela elubhacweni eYurophu. NgoJanuwari ka-2008 wabhengeza ukuba ujoyina umbutho wabavukeli, exhokonxa isigwebo kurhulumente waseNiamey. Ukukhululwa okwethutyana kuka-Ag Boula kwizityholo zika-2004 kwarhoxiswa, yaze inkundla yamgwebela engekho ngokubulala. Ngomhla we-13 kuJulayi 2008, inkundla yaseNiger yamgweba intambo. Ngasekupheleni kuka-2008 u-Ag Boula wabhengeza ukuba useka iqela lakhe leqela labavukeli, iFFR. Ngo-2009, i-FFR yazimanya nenkqubo yoxolo exhaswa yiLibya ekhokelele ekupheleni kukaMeyi ka-2009 kongquzulwano kunye noxolelo ngokubanzi lwezenzo zolwaphulo-mthetho ezenziwe ngexesha lovukelo.

2010s

[tshintsha | Yenza izilungiso kokubhaliweyo]

Emva kobhukuqo-mbuso lwe-18 kaFebruwari 2010 ngokuchasene norhulumente waseNiger, u-Ag Boula kunye nezinye iinkokeli ezazisakuba ziinkokeli zabavukeli babuyela eNiamey, becinezela i-junta ukuba ikhawulezise ukudityaniswa kwabo babefudula bengabavukeli. Ngomhla wama-29 kuMatshi uAg Boula wabanjwa eNiamey, kunye noKindo Zada, uMkhosi oMkhulu owathi wabalekela kubavukeli ngo-2007. Zombini zazicingelwa ngoonondaba ukuba ziphande ngolwaphulo-mthetho olungahambelani nemvukelo ka-2007–2009.

NgoDisemba 4, 2010, izityholo awayetyatyelwe zona zachithwa yiNkundla yoLwaphulo-mthetho yaseNiamey waza wasuswa kuzo zonke izityholo awayerhanelwa ngazo.[citation needed]

NgoJanuwari 2011 u-Ag Boula wonyulwa njengoCeba loMmandla we-Agadez kangangethuba leminyaka emine, kwaye ngoSeptemba 2011 waqeshwa njengomcebisi kuMongameli weRiphabhliki, uMahamadou Issoufou.[3]

NgoSeptemba, U-Ag Boula uye wabonwa ekhokela i-convoy enkulu engena eNiger esuka eLibya equka iilori ezingaphezu kweshumi elinesibini ezinemikhosi yaseLibya exhobe kakuhle.[4] U-Ag Boula wakhanyela ukuba wayekho kwi-convoy.[5]

Wachasa imvukelo ye-Azawad eMali ngoJanuwari 2012. [6]

Ngo-2023 i-Nigerien coup d'état

[tshintsha | Yenza izilungiso kokubhaliweyo]

Ukulandela i-2023 ye-Nigerien coup d'état, u-Ag Boula ubhengeze ukusekwa kweBhunga le-Resistance yeRiphabhlikhi (CRR), ejolise ekutshitshiseni i-junta yezempi yaseNiger kunye nokubuyisela u-Mohamed Bazoum njengoMongameli waseNiger, ngo-9 Agasti. Ukwathe ixhasa ungenelelo lwamazwe ngamazwe lwe-ECOWAS kunye nabanye abadlali ekwenzeni oko.[7][8][9] Ngo-2024, uRhissa Ag Boula ufumana iwonga lokufuna indawo yokukhosela eFransi.[10]

Bona kwakho

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Iimbekiselo

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  1. ↑ "Former Niger rebel creates movement to reinstate ousted president Bazoum" Reuters (in English) 2023-08-09 retrieved 2023-11-26 
  2. ↑ Bram Posthumus. Niger: A Long History, a Brief Conflict, an Open Future, in Searching for Peace in Africa, European Centre for Conflict Prevention (1999). iThemplethi:Catalog lookup linkScript error: No such module "check isxn".
  3. ↑ "Présidence de la République /Assemblée Nationale : Alambo et Rhissa, conseillers spéciaux" tamtaminfo.com September 27, 2011 retrieved October 5, 2011  (in French)
  4. ↑ Mamane, Dalatou (September 6, 2011) "Niger: Gadhafi security chief enters capital" Associated Press retrieved September 6, 2011 
  5. ↑ "Un convoi militaire venant de Libye est arrivé au Niger, un chef touareg dément sa présence" Le Point September 6, 2011 retrieved October 10, 2011 ""I'm not a convoy, I am in Niamey", told AFP Mr Ag Boula in a telephone interview." (in French)
  6. ↑ "M. Rhissa Boula, conseiller spécial du Président de la République "Il faut éviter que ce conflit malien ne se propage dans tout l'espace saharien"" tamtaminfo.com June 15, 2012 archived from the original on June 17, 2012 retrieved February 9, 2025  (in French)
  7. ↑ "Former Niger rebel launches anti-coup movement as impasse continues" Aljazeera 9 August 2023 retrieved 9 August 2023 
  8. ↑ "Former Niger rebel creates movement to reinstate ousted president Bazoum" Reuters (in English) 2023-08-09 retrieved 2023-10-03 
  9. ↑ "Putsch in Niger: 'We are ready to go to war,' threatens one of President Bazoum's ministers" Le Monde.fr (in English) 2023-08-15 retrieved 2023-10-03 
  10. ↑ "[Exclusif] L'ex-ministre nigérien Rhissa Ag Boula a obtenu l'asile politique en France" jeuneafrique.com (in English) 2024-08-20 retrieved 2024-08-20