Tâi-gú thong-iōng phing-im (hàn-gú: 臺語通用拼音 (Dāi-ghî tōng-iōng phing-im), kán-tshing DT, Tâi-thong phing-im/Tâi-thong; Tâi-lô phing-im: Tâi-gí Thong-iōng Phing-im; Bân-lâm phing-im: Dáiggì Tōngyông Pìngyīm), sī kin-kì Tiong-bûn thong-iōng phing-im huat sóo gián-tshòng (研創) tshut-lâi ê Tâi-gú phing-im hong-huat, sio̍k-î tsuân im-sòo bûn-jī ê tsi̍t-tsióng.[1][2] Lî-tshiánn Tâi-thong phing-im ê tiau-hō luī-sū Pe̍h-uē-jī ê tiau-hō, pīng-í tē-1 siann-tiāu (ko-pîng tiau) uî gú-im ki-tsún.[3][4]
Tâi-gú thong-iōng phing-im it-puann ha̍p im-tsiat (ha̍p-sû) phing-siá ê sî-tsūn lóng iōng piàn-tiau liáu-āu ê siōng-piau hû-hō lâi piau-kì si̍t-tsè siann-tiāu hām piàn-tiau ê jī-bió; pīng-tshiánn tsîng-āu ê im-tsiat ha̍p-sû í liân-jī hō lâi liân-kiat, tì-kàu khuànn-tio̍h jī-sû tio̍h ē-tàng khuài-sok lâi huán-thui guân-tiāu. Kí tsi̍t-ê huān-lē lâi suat-bîng: "Ài sùi m-giaⁿ lāu pîⁿ-zùi."("愛媠毋驚流鼻水"; "(tsa-bóo gín-á) ài-suí, tsun-kóng thinn-khì hân-líng mā m̄ kiann tshīng khah tsió") tang-tiong ê "m-giaⁿ(毋驚)" hām "pîⁿ-zùi(鼻水)" lóng sī ha̍p im-tsiat jī-sû. Tsóng-kiat lâi-kóng Tâi-thong phing-im ê siann-tiāu piau-sī ū nn̄g-tāi huat-tián, thâu-sing uī-tio̍h tsù-tiōng siann-tiāu ê si̍t-tsè im-ko tsáu-sè, hōo siann-tiāu piau-sī kah si̍t-tsè huat-im ê im-pîn tuì-tâng; koh-lâi tō sī in-uī bô tshái-iōng thuân-thóng ê Tâi-gú guân siann-tiāu piau-sī, hōo piàn-tiāu kui-tsik ē-tàng koh-khah si̍t-tsè kán-huà; tsìn-lî hōo Tâi-gú thong-iōng phing-im ē-tàng koh-khah tsū-jiân iōng lating jī-bió lâi su-siá Tâi-gú bûn.[5]
Tâi-gú thong-iōng phing-im sú-iōng ê Lating jī-bió ū 19-ê, 4-ê jī-ha̍p jī-bió (Bh, Gh, Ng, Or), kap 6-ê hū-ka hû-hō (tiau-hō). Tshun--ê Lating jī-biò 7-ê (f, j, q, v, w, x, y) iōng-teh ti̍k-sû piáu-sī, hi̍k-tsiá guā-lâi gú tíng-kuân.
Tuā DT | A | B | Bh | C | D | E | G | Gh | H | I | K | L | M | N | ◌ⁿ | Ng | O | Or | P | R | S | T | U | Z |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sió DT | a | b | bh | c | d | e | g | gh | h | i | k | l | m | n | ◌ⁿ | ng | o | or | p | r | s | t | u | z |
Sió TL | a | p | b | tsh | t | e | k | g | h | i | kh | l | m | n | ◌nn | ng | oo | o | ph | j | s | th | u | ts |
PSDB, SMLT, MLT, TL, TPS, POJ, BP, DT, K-TLPA, TLS, TG (Tâi-gú gān-bûn), TKS tíng-tíng tsí-im (hú-im) tuì-tsiàu pió.[1][2][3]
DT | b | p | bh | m | d | t | l | n | g | k | h | gh | zi | z | ci | c | si | s | r | ng |
TL | p | ph | b | m | t | th | l | n | k | kh | h | g | tsi | ts | tshi | tsh | si | s | j | ng |
TPS | ㄅ | ㄆ | ㆠ | ㄇ | ㄉ | ㄊ | ㄌ | ㄋ | ㄍ | ㄎ | ㄏ | ㆣ | ㄐ | ㄗ | ㄑ | ㄘ | ㄒ | ㄙ | ㆡ | ㄫ |
POJ | p | ph | b | m | t | th | l | n | k | kh | h | g | chi | ch | chhi | chh | si | s | j | ng |
BP | b | p | bb | m | d | t | l | n | g | k | h | gg | zi | z | ci | c | si | s | zz | ng |
K-TLPA | p | ph | b | m | t | th | l | n | k | kh | h | g | zi | z | ci | c | si | s | j | ng |
SMLT | p | ph | b | m | t | th | l | n | k | kh | h | g | c | z | ch | zh | si | s | j | ng |
MLT | p | ph | b | m | t | th | l | n | k | kh | h | g | c | z | ch | zh | si | s | j | ng |
PSDB | p | ph | b | m | d | t | l | n | k | q | h | g | c | z | ch | zh | si | s | j | ng |
Sû Ki̍k-tun sik | b | p | v | m | d | t | l | n | q | k | h | g | tsi | ts | chi | ch | si | s | r | ng |
123 Tâi-gú | b | p | v | m | d | t | l | n | g | k | h | q | j | z | ci | c | si | s | r | q+...N |
KHDB | v | p | b | m | d | t | l | n | q | k | h | g | ji | j | ci | c | si | s | z | ng |
TLS | p | ph | b | m | t | th | l | n | k | kh | h | g | tsi | ts | tshi | tsh | si | s | dz | ng |
Ē-gú phing-im jī | p | ph | b | m | t | th | l | n | k | kh | h | g | tsi | ts | tshi | tsh | si | s | dz | ng |
Lô Siông-puê sik (sin-sik) | b | p | bb | m | d | t | l | n | g | k | q | gg | tzi | tz | tsi | ts | si | s | dz | ng |
Tsiu Piān-bîng sik | p | ph | b | m | t | th | l | n | k | kh | h | g | tsi | ts | tshi | tsh | si | s | dz | ng |
Campbell sik | p. | ph | b | m | t | th | l | n | k | kh | h | g | chi/tsi | ch/ts | chhi | chh | si | s | j | ng |
Hô-lok gú | b | p | v | m | ᴅ | t | ʟ | п | ɢ | k | н | q | zı | z | cнı | cн | sı | s | zн | ɢн |
TG | ᄇ | ᄑ | ᄈ | ᄆ | ᄃ | ᄐ | ᄅ | ᄂ | ᄀ | ᄏ | ᄒ | ᄁ | 집 | ᄌ | 치 | ᄎ | 시 | ㅅ | ᄍ | ㄸ |
TKS | п | ҧ | б | м | т | ꚋ | л | н | к | ӄ | һ | г | ци | ц | ꚏи | ꚏ | си | с | ӡ | ӈ |
15-im | 邊(pian) | 頗(pho) | 門(bûn) | 門(mn̂g) | 地(tē) | 他(tho) | 柳(liú) | 柳(niú) | 求(kiû) | 去(khì) | 喜(hí) | 語(gú) | 曾(tsing) | 曾(tsing) | 出(tshut) | 出(tshut) | 時(sî) | 時(sî) | 入(ji̍p) | 語(ngú) |
IPA | p | pʰ | b | m | t | tʰ | l | n | k | kʰ | h | ɡ | ʨ | ʦ | ʨʰ | ʦʰ | ɕ | s | ʣ | ŋ |
PSDB, SMLT, MLT, TL, TPS, POJ, BP, DT, K-TLPA, TLS, TG, TKS tíng-tíng bió-im, ho̍k bió-im; í-ki̍p phīnn-huà guân-im tuì-tsiàu pió jû-hā. Iah-koh ū Bân-phing hong-àn (BP), SMLT, MLT, PSDB, KHDB tíng-tíng phing-im huat tshái-tshú kā phīnn-huà guân-im tsiân-tì huà (va;n(g)a;na) tíng-tíng ê hong-huat.[3]
DT | a | i | u | e | m | ng | or | o | ua | ue | uai | ian | uan | ing | ik | aⁿ |
TL | a | i | u | e | m | ng | o | oo | ua | ue | uai | ian | uan | ing | ik | ann |
TPS | ㄚ | − | ㄨ | ㆤ | ㄇ | ㄫ | ㄜ | ㆦ | ㄨㄚ | ㄨㆤ | ㄨㄞ | ㄧㄢ | ㄨㄢ | ㄧㄥ | ㄧㄍ | ㆩ |
POJ | a | i | u | e | m | ng | o | o. | oa | oe | oai | ian | oan | eng | ek | an |
BP | a | i | u | e | m | ng | o | oo | ua | ue | uai | ian | uan | ing | ik | na |
K-TLPA | a | i | u | e | m | ng | o | oo | ua | ue | uai | ian | uan | ing | ik | aN/ann |
SMLT | a | i | u | e | m | ng | oe | o | ua | ue | uai | en | uan | eng | ek | va |
MLT | a | i | u | e | m | ng | ә | o | oa | oe | oai | ien | oan | eng | eg | va |
PSDB | a | i | u | e | m | ng | oi | o | oa | oe | oai | ien | oan | eng | eg | va |
Sû Ki̍k-tun sik | a | i | u | e | m | ng | or | o | ua | ue | uai | ian | uan | eng | ek | aⁿ |
123 Tâi-gú | a | i | u | e | m | ng | er | o | ua | ue | uai | ian | uan | ing | ek | aN |
KHDB | a | i | u | e | m | ng | y | o | ua | ue | uai | en | uan | ing | ik | n(g)a |
TLS | a | i | u | e | m | ng | ә | o | ua | ue | uai | en | uan | ing | ik | añ |
Ē-gú phing-im jī | a | i | u | e | m | ng | o | o. | oa | oe | oai | ian | oan | eng | ek | aⁿ |
Lô Siông-puê sik (sin-sik) | a | i | u | e | m | ng | ȯ | o | ua | ue | uai | ian | uan | ieng | iek | añ |
Tsiu Piān-bîng sik | a | i | u | e | m | ng | o | o. | oa | oe | oai | ian | oan | eng | ek | aⁿ |
Campbell sik | a | i | u | e | m | ng | o | o. | oa | oe | oai | ian | oan | eng | ek | aⁿ |
Hô-lok gú | a | ı | u | e | m | ao | o | o | ua | ue | uaı | eп | uaп | ıoп | ek | пп |
TG | ᅡ | ᅵ | ᅮ | ᅦ | ᄆ | ㄸ | ᅥ | ᅩ | 와 | 웨 | 왜 | 잔 | 한 | ᄋ | 익 | ㅅ |
TKS | а | и | у | е | м | ӈ | ә | о | уа | уе | уаи | ен | уан | иӈ | ик | ан̃ |
15-im | 嘉(ka) | 居(ki) | 居(ku) | 枷(kê) | 姆(ḿ) | 鋼(kǹg) | 高(ko) | 沽(koo) | 瓜(kua) | 檜(kuè) | 乖(kuai) | 堅(kian) | 觀(kuan) | 輕(khing) | 億(ik) | 監(kann) |
IPA | a | i | u | e | m | ŋ | ə | ɔ | ua | ue | uai | en | uan | iŋ | ik̚ | ã |
PSDB, SMLT, MLT, TL, TPS, POJ, BP, DT, K-TLPA, TLS, TG, TKS tíng-tíng siann-tiāu hû-hō tuì-tsiàu pió.
Phing-im huat | tē-1 siann-tiāu (st) | tē-2 st | tē-3 st | tē-4 st | tē-5 st | tē-6 st | tē-7 st | tē-8 st | tē-9 st | khin-siann | phīnn-huà guân-im | lîngsiann-bió |
DT | a | ˋ(à) | _(a̱) | ā(p/t/k/h) | ˘(ă) | ā | a(p/t/k/h) | ˊ(á) | --å | aⁿ | bô | |
TL2 | a | á | à | a(p/t/k/h) | â | ǎ | ā | a̍(p/t/k/h) | a̋ | --a | ann | bô |
TPS | ◌ | ◌ˋ | ◌˪ | ◌(ㄅ,ㄉ,ㄍ,ㄏ) | ◌ˊ | ◌˫ | ◌(ㄅ̇, ㄉ̇, ㄍ̇, ㄏ̇ ) | ◌(ㆩ,ㆥ,ㆪ,ㆧ,ㆫ,ㆮ,ㆯ) | bô | |||
POJ | a | ˊ(á) | ˋ(à) | a(p/t/k/h) | ^(â) | (ā) | a̍(p/t/k/h) | --a | aⁿ | bô | ||
BP3 | -(ā)① | ˇ(ǎ)③ | ˋ(à)⑤ | ā(p/t/k/h)⑦ | ˊ(á)② | ④ | ^(â)⑥ | á(p/t/k/h)⑧ | na | y(i)/w(u) | ||
K-TLPA | a1 | a2 | a3 | a(p/t/k/h)4 | a5 | a6 | a7 | a(p/t/k/h)8 | a9 | a0 | aN/ann | bô |
SMLT | af | ar | ax | a(b/d/g/q) | aa | aar | a | a(p/t/k/h) | ~ a | va | y(i)/w(u) | |
MLT | af | ar | ax | a(b/d/g/q) | aa | aar | a | a(p/t/k/h) | ~ a | va | y(i)/w(u) | |
PSDB | af | ar | ax | a(b/d/g/q) | aa | aar | a | a(p/t/k/h) | ~ a | va | y(i)/w(u) | |
Sû Ki̍k-tun sik13 | ◌̄ | ◌̀ | ◌̖ | ◌h | ◌̌ | ◌ | ◌̄h | ◌̣ | ◌ⁿ | y(i)/w(u) | ||
123 Tâi-gú10 | a | ˋ(à) | ^(â) | a. | ˇ(ă) | -(ā) | (4=8) | ˊ(á) | bô | |||
KHDB6 | ax | ar | aw | a(b/d/g/h) | aa | aar | a | a(p/t/k/c) | n(g)a | bô | ||
TLS16 | a | á | à | a(p/t/k/h) | â | á/ǎ | ā | a̽(p/t/k/h) | a̋ | å | añ | bô |
Ē-gú phing-im jī9 | a | ar | af | a(p/t/k),ao | aa | ar | al | a(b/d/g),a' | ac | aⁿ | y(i)/w(u) | |
Lô Siông-puê sik (sin-sik)14}} | a | aa | ah | aq | ar | arh | arq | .a | añ | bô | ||
Tsiu Piān-bîng sik9 | a | á | à | a(p/t/k),ao | â | ā | a(b/d/g),a' | -ao | aⁿ | bô | ||
Campbell sik | a | á | à | a(p/t/k/h) | â | ā | a̍(p/t/k/h) | --a | bô | |||
Hô-lok jī-kak7 | -(1) | ˋ(4) | ^(3) | bô | ˇ(5) | ~(8) | bô(2) | - | ˊ | " | na | bô |
Hô-lok gú17 | a | ʀ | ᴧ | aн | ʏ | ᴀ | aн | aпп | bô | |||
Tâi-uân jī11 | ˊ | ˋ | ^ | - | ~ | bô | ||||||
STTB8 | -(f,w,y) | -r | -x | -(p/t/k/h) | -v | -(d) | -(pp/tt/kk/hh) | -q | -- | -y | bô | |
Uî-sìn phing-im12 | -v | -f | -l | -(p/t/k/q) | -r | -d | -(px/tx/kx/qx) | bô | z | bô | ||
TG15 | ㅇ | ㄹ | ㄴ | ㅇ | ㅅ | ㄹ | ㄱ | ㅂ | ㅅ | bô | ||
TKS16 | ◌ | ◌(п/т/к/һ) | / | (п/т/к/һ) | ◌н̃ | bô | ||||||
Pún-tiau tiau-ti̍t1 | 44 | 53 | 21 | 2 | 24 | 22 | 33 | 4 | 45 | 2 | 0 | 32 |
Hàn-jī tâi-im4 | 君(kun) | 滾(kún) | 棍(kùn) | 骨(kut) | 群(kûn) | 滾(kún)(6=2) | 郡(kūn) | 滑(ku̍t) | (e̋n)-dzín | khing-siann | (eñ)-á | ing |
BP tiāu-miâ | Ko-pîng tiāu | Ko-kàng tiāu | Kē-kàng tiāu | Tiong-ji̍p tiāu | Kē uān-sing tiāu | Tiong-pîng tiāu | Ko-ji̍p tiāu | Ko-sing tiāu | Khing-siann | Phīnn-huà guân-im | Lîng siann-bió | |
SMLT tiāu-miâ | Ko-tiāu | Siōng-tu̍t tiāu | Hā-tu̍t tiāu | Kē-tshiok tiāu | Huê-suân tiāu | Ki-tiāu | Ko-tshiok tiāu | Ko-sing tiāu | Khing siann | Puànn phīnn-im | Lîng siann-bió | |
Hàn-gú sì-siann5 | Im-pîng | Im-siōng | Im-khì | Im-ji̍p | Iông-pîng | Iông-siōng | Iông-khì | Iông-ji̍p | Ko-sing | Khing-siann | Phīnn-huà guân-im | Lîng siann-bió |
Ing-gú tiau-miâ (tone) | high level | high falling | low falling | low short | low rising | low level | mid level | high short | high rising | neutral tone | nasal vowel | zero consonant |
IPA tiau-hû | ˥˥/˦˦ | ˥˧ | ˨˩ | ˨ | ˨˦ | ˨˨ | ˧˧ | ˦ | ˦˥ | ◌̊ | ◌̃ | ʔ |
IPA tiau-ti̍t | 55/44 | 53 | 21 | 2 | 24 | 22 | 33 | 4 | 45 | ◌̊ | ◌̃ | ʔ |
DT | English |
---|---|
Lēn-hâ-gōk sê-gāi rīn-kūan sūan-ghĕn
Dê 1 diău Lāng-lăng seⁿ-låi zû-iŭ, zāi zūn-ghiăm gāh kuăn-lī siòng it-lip bīng-dìng. In hù-iù li-sîng gāh liōng-sim, lî-ciaⁿ ìng-gai i hiānn-dī gūan-hē ē zīng-sĭn hō-siōng dùi-dāi. |
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Article 1 All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood. |
DT | English | Audio file: Voyager Golden Record |
---|---|---|
Tài-kong bīng-iù, lin hòr! Lin ziâ-bà bhē! Û-ĭng, dôr-lăi ghun-zia zē òr. | Friends of space, how are you all! Have you eaten yet? Drop in on us if you have time. |