仙后座PZ(英語:PZ Cassiopeiae),是一顆位於仙后座的紅色超巨星。這顆恆星是至今人類已知體積最大的恆星之一,其半徑約為太陽半徑的1,190–1,940倍。[3]這顆恆星亦是紅超巨星中最明亮的恆星之一。這顆恆星距離地球約17800光年。[4]
仙后座PZ是一顆紅超巨星,其恆星光譜分類為M3Iab,位於赫羅圖的右上方。這代表這顆恆星的亮度極高,但有效溫度卻相對較低。[2]天文學家估算這顆恆星的半徑為太陽半徑的1,190–1,940倍。雖然這顆恆星的體積比太陽大十億倍,但其質量僅僅約為太陽質量的數十倍。[1]這顆恆星不單是其中一個體積最大的恆星,亦是紅超巨星中最明亮的恆星之一。其亮度約為太陽的數十萬倍,是其中一個最明亮的恆星。[5]仙后座PZ也是一顆半規則變星,其變光週期約為925日。[6]
儘管這顆恆星非常明亮,但它距離地球約17800光年(5460秒差距),因此在夜空中較為暗淡。這顆恆星的視星等為8.75等,代表人類肉眼無法看到這顆恆星,需要依靠望遠鏡才能看到。[4]
仙后座PZ是其中一顆人類已知體積最大的恆星。天文學家估計,其半徑為太陽半徑的1,190–1,940倍(5.53到9.02天文單位),即827,645,000至1,349,270,000公里。[7]若把仙后座PZ置於太陽系中心,那麼其表面將超過木星的軌道(5.204267天文單位,778,547,200公里)[8],直迫土星軌道(9.5820172天文單位,1,433,449,370公里)[9]。光繞這顆恆星一周需時4.82至7.85小時,而光環繞太陽赤道一周僅需時14.5秒。[10]
仙后座PZ的大小可能被高估,因為其不尋常的K頻和人為的發紅校正錯誤。而它亦可能被低估,因為科學家是以同類恆星作比較得出其大小的。[7]
- ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 V* PZ Cas -- Semi-regular pulsating Star (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆). Basic data for V* PZ Cas.
- ^ 2.0 2.1 Light Curve Variation of PZ Cassiopeiae - ResearchGate. [2013-12-15]. (原始内容存档于2016-03-04).
- ^ Table 4 in Emily M. Levesque, Philip Massey, K. A. G. Olsen, Bertrand Plez, Eric Josselin, Andre Maeder, and Georges Meynet. The Effective Temperature Scale of Galactic Red Supergiants: Cool, but Not As Cool As We Thought. The Astrophysical Journal. August 2005, 628 (2): 973–985. Bibcode:2005ApJ...628..973L. arXiv:astro-ph/0504337 . doi:10.1086/430901.
- ^ 4.0 4.1 Distance and Proper Motion Measurement of the Red Supergiant, PZ Cas, in Very Long Baseline Interferometry H2O Maser Astrometry - Cornell University Library
- ^ Levesque, Emily M.; Massey, Philip; Olsen, K. A. G.; Plez, Bertrand; Josselin, Eric; Maeder, Andre; Meynet, Georges. The Effective Temperature Scale of Galactic Red Supergiants: Cool, but Not as Cool as We Thought. The Astrophysical Journal. 1 August 2005, 628 (2): 973–985. Bibcode:2005ApJ...628..973L. arXiv:astro-ph/0504337 . doi:10.1086/430901.
- ^ Variable star PZ CASSIOPEIAE (PZ-CAS) - corlan.net. [2013-12-15]. (原始内容存档于2013-12-15).
- ^ 7.0 7.1 DISTANCE AND PROPER MOTION MEASUREMENT OF THE RED SUPERGIANT, PZ CAS - The Astrophysical Journal
- ^ Yeomans, Donald K. HORIZONS Web-Interface for Jupiter Barycenter (Major Body=5). JPL Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System. 2006-07-13 [2007-08-08]. (原始内容存档于2019-01-09). – Select "Ephemeris Type: Orbital Elements", "Time Span: 2000-01-01 12:00 to 2000-01-02". ("Target Body: Jupiter Barycenter" and "Center: Sun" should be defaulted to.)
- ^ Yeomans, Donald K. HORIZONS Web-Interface for Saturn Barycenter (Major Body=6). JPL Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System. 2006-07-13 [2007-08-08]. (原始内容存档于2013-05-01). – Select "Ephemeris Type: Orbital Elements", "Time Span: 2000-01-01 12:00 to 2000-01-02". ("Target Body: Saturn Barycenter" and "Center: Sun" should be defaulted to.)
- ^ Solar System Exploration: Planets: Sun: Facts & Figures. NASA. [2013-12-15]. (原始内容存档于2008-01-02).