^Mars Orbital Laser Altimeter (MOLA) gridded dataset from JMars. (cf. Christensen, P. et al. (2007). New Insights about Mars from the Creation and Analysis of Mars Global Datasets. American Geophysical Union, abstract #P11E-01. http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007AGUFM.P11E..01C (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆).)
^Bloom, A.L. (1978) Geomorphology: A Systematic Analysis of Late Cenozoic Landforms; Prentice-Hall: Englewood Cliffs, NJ, p. 28.
^Chapman, M.G.; et al. Amazonian Geologic History of the Echus Chasma and Kasei Valles System on Mars: New Data and Interpretations. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 2010b, 294 (3–4): 238–255. Bibcode:2010E&PSL.294..238C. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2009.11.034.