2015年工黨黨魁選舉(英語:2015 Labour Party leadership election)緣由於2015年5月8日文立彬因對2015年英國大選慘敗負責而正式辭任工黨黨魁所引發。夏雅雯是時任工黨副黨魁,文立彬辭職後代理工黨黨魁職務,但代理當日她宣布她將在新黨魁與副黨魁選出後辭去副黨魁職務[1]。
四個候選人成功被提名:貝安德、顧綺慧、杰里米·科尔宾與利茲·肯德爾。投票在2015年8月14日(週五)開始,並於2015年9月10日(週四)結束;結果則在9月12日(週六)公布。工黨黨員、已註冊及附屬支持者有權在是次採用排序複選制的選舉投票。
科尔宾本來是這次黨魁選舉的黑马[2],但其後的民意調查顯示他取得壓倒性的領先。許多資深工黨人物,包括白高敦[3]、貝理雅[4]、施仲宏[5]、文禮彬[6]及阿拉斯泰爾·坎貝爾[7]都因此高調對他作出批評,同時聲稱科尔宾若當選黨魁會令工黨從此失去執政資格。儘管如此,他在首輪投票中即以59.5%選票壓倒性當選。
黨魁的選舉由文立彬的辭職引發,根據2014年2月海布里男爵雷·柯林斯領導下發表的柯林斯報告建議,改革後的規則將發生[8]。這項計劃要求以後的選舉比2010年舉行的選舉時間上有所縮短,並在2015年9月工黨黨大會前選出新的領導人[9]。
報告改變了工黨黨魁選舉的方式:根據以前的制度,一個三方選舉人團選舉會選出領導人,三分之一權重屬國會工黨(即下議院工黨成員)及歐洲議會工黨成員、三分之一權重屬工黨個人成員、另外三分之一權重屬工會及下屬社團。按照柯林斯報告,純粹「一成員一票」(OMOV)系統會取代選舉人團,候選人將通過會員及附屬支持者選舉產生,收到最多一票者勝出,所有選票權重相等。這意味著工黨附屬工會成員將需要另外註冊為工黨支持者以獲得投票權。
如欲成為黨魁候選人,他們需要獲得最少15%國會工黨(PLP)成員——35位議員提名。這次投票如以往的選舉,會用選擇投票制舉行,副黨魁選舉也使用此規則。
這次選舉將由選舉改革協會部門選舉改革服務監督[10]。
2015年5月13日的工黨中央行政委員會會議決定了兩個選舉的時間表和程序[11]。
- 2015年6月9日:開放提名
- 2015年6月15日中午12時:黨魁提名結束
- 2015年6月17日中午12時:副黨魁提名結束
- 2015年6月17日中午12時:競選活動時間開始
- 2015年7月31日:競選活動時間結束
- 2015年8月12日:加入工黨成為會員而且可參與投票之最後日期
- 2015年8月14日:選票郵寄日期
- 2015年9月10日中午12時:投票結束
- 2015年9月12日:工黨黨特別大會公佈結果
要在選票出現其名字,黨魁候選人須獲得35名國會議員提名。提名任何候選人的國會議員不必隨後支持或投票該名候選人。部分國會議員表示,他們提名的候選人已經確保出現在選票上[12]。
候選人名字旁邊的數目等同提名的國會議員數目,他們可以算作所需要的35名議員之一。粗體數字標示的候選人已經達到列入選票需要的35項提名,以下列出公開提名候選人的國會議員:[19]
在6月12日撤回參選前,瑪麗·克雷獲得以下10人提名:柴萍恩、喬·考克斯、尼爾·科伊爾、譚甘·帝邦尼爾、海倫·海斯、蘇珊·瓊斯、麥克·凱恩、斯蒂芬·金諾克、提勒帕·西迪克[19]
共28名工黨議員沒有提名任何候選人:格雷厄姆·艾倫、本·布拉德肖、艾倫·坎貝爾、羅西·庫珀、瑪麗·克雷、斯特拉·克里西、約翰·克賴爾、安吉拉·伊格爾、娜塔莎·恩格爾、卡羅琳·弗林特、巴里·加德納、罗杰·高斯夫、夏雅雯、海倫·海斯、梅格·希利爾、林賽·霍伊爾、莊翰生、杰拉爾德·考夫曼、文立彬、羅布·馬里斯、伊恩·默里、納西姆·沙阿、格雷厄姆·斯特林格、馬克·塔米、湯姆·沃森、大衛·溫尼克、羅西·溫特頓
(2015年英國工黨黨魁選舉候選人獲得的支持)
2015年6月,托比·楊在《每日電訊報》撰寫一篇鼓勵保守黨人加入工黨投票給杰里米·科尔宾[53],他的理由是「寄託工黨遺忘選舉」("to consign Labour to electoral oblivion")。這種趨勢在Twitter以「#ToriesforCorbyn」迅速蔓延,而工黨的回應也受到批評[54]。兩天後,大不列顛共產黨 (臨時中央委員會)也寫了支持科尔宾的文章[55]。因此,工黨議員約翰·曼呼籲叫停選舉[56]。
代理工黨黨魁夏雅雯回應事件時,呼籲各方選區檢查新成員,但又表示工黨已經「有一個強大的系統,以防止欺詐或惡意行為」("a robust system to prevent fraudulent or malicious applications") 。工黨議員費邊·漢密爾頓則指出“沒有證據”證明有組織試圖滲透選舉[57]。候選人貝安德也表示沒有證據發現滲透行為,亦不會駁回指控;而科尔宾回應他「只想『真正的工黨支持者』把票投給他」[58]。
2015年8月初,工黨湧現260名前綠黨、左派團結工會和社會主義聯盟成員,他們曾試圖成為登記支持者,但現時他們將不獲投票權[59]。在此不久之前,據透露保守黨議員蒂姆·勞頓已申請成為工黨支持者,他隨後聲稱他的意圖是「整件事情完全就是什麼洩密的鬧劇」(“blow the gaff on what a complete farce the whole thing is”)[60]。老牌工黨議員巴里·希爾曼也因為擔憂其他各方的滲透而也加入呼籲「暫停」選舉[61]。在8月11日的工黨會議中,四名候選人已獲悉有1,200名成員和其他各方的支持者被排除,另有800人被調查[62]。
工黨後來證實,如果在投票後發現支持者是其他政黨的成員,將取消他們的選票[63]。許多知名人士都被阻止投票,包括:
前工黨國會議員安德魯·麥金利宣稱工黨試圖針對杰里米·科尔宾操縱黨魁選舉[72],傑里米·哈迪也同意此觀點[73]。這些說法以「肅清工黨」(Labour Purge)在知名媒體上如推特上——尤其是科尔宾的支持者裡用「#LabourPurge」越傳越廣[74][75]。代理黨魁夏雅雯駁斥科尔宾支持者的說法,並堅持認為排除過程對候選人是公正的[76]。蘇格蘭報章《國家》印刷了整頁的諷刺漫畫進一步推測工黨黨魁選舉將出現更多舞弊事件[77]。
本節中的調查由知名媒體用科學方法開展。
民意調查來源
|
調查日期
|
樣本量
|
誤差範圍
|
貝安德
|
伊薇特·庫珀
|
傑瑞米·科爾賓
|
利茲·肯德爾
|
其他/未定
|
Opinium[78]
|
2015年8月21-25日
|
474名工黨選民[a]
|
± ?
|
27%
|
22%
|
39%
|
12%
|
–
|
1,711名英國選民[b]
|
18%
|
13%
|
26%
|
11%
|
32%
|
Opinium[79]
|
2015年8月11-14日
|
499名工黨選民[a]
|
± ?
|
29%
|
19%
|
37%
|
15%
|
–
|
1,719名英國選民[b]
|
18%
|
12%
|
23%
|
11%
|
36%
|
Survation[80][81]
|
2015年8月12-13日
|
1,007名英國居民[c]
|
± ?
|
25%
|
15%
|
28%
|
12%
|
19%
|
YouGov/《泰晤士報》[82]
|
2015年8月6-10日
|
1,411名合資格的選民[d]
|
± ?
|
21%
|
18%
|
53%
|
8%
|
–
|
23%
|
23%
|
54%
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
38%
|
62%
|
–
|
–
|
現在研究[83]
|
2015年7月28-29日
|
?名工黨選民[e]
|
± ?
|
36%
|
20%
|
28%
|
16%
|
–
|
1,001名英國居民[f]
|
30%
|
24%
|
24%
|
21%
|
1%
|
Opinium[84]
|
2015年7月24-27日
|
481名工黨選民[e]
|
± ?
|
39%
|
22%
|
24%
|
15%
|
–
|
1,732名英國居民[f]
|
21%
|
14%
|
16%
|
12%
|
38%
|
YouGov/《泰晤士報》[85][86]
|
2015年7月17-21日
|
1,054名合資格的選民[d]
|
± ?
|
26%
|
20%
|
43%
|
11%
|
–
|
29%
|
26%
|
44%
|
–
|
–
|
47%
|
–
|
53%
|
–
|
–
|
ORB/《獨立報》[85]
|
2015年7月21-23日
|
2000名英國居民[f]
|
± ?
|
36%
|
20%
|
18%
|
25%
|
1%
|
Ipsos MORI/《新政治家》[87][88]
|
2015年6月14-16日
|
275名工黨選民[e]
|
± ?
|
23%
|
20%
|
9%
|
11%
|
38%
|
1,005名英國居民[f]
|
± 4%
|
15%
|
14%
|
5%
|
11%
|
55%
|
以下民意調查在黨魁提名結束前進行,因此包括並非被提名四位候選人的工黨人物。
民意調查來源
|
調查日期
|
樣本量
|
誤差範圍
|
貝安德
|
伊薇特·庫珀
|
崔斯特瑞姆·亨特
|
丹·賈維斯
|
利茲·肯德爾
|
大衛·米勒班
|
雷切爾·里夫斯
|
竹卡·烏穆納
|
其他/未定
|
YouGov/《獨立報》[89]
|
2015年5月14-15日
|
1,567名英國居民[f]
|
± ?
|
22%
|
18%
|
9%
|
–
|
5%
|
–
|
–
|
21%
|
25%
|
± ?
|
14%
|
8%
|
3%
|
–
|
2%
|
–
|
–
|
17%
|
56%
|
經濟與社會研究委員會/YouGov/《新政治家》[90]
|
2015年5月12-15日
|
1,200名工黨成員[g]
|
± ?
|
18%
|
8.5%
|
–
|
5%
|
2%
|
2%
|
–
|
12%
|
52.5%
|
《星期日獨立報》[91]
|
2015年5月11-15日
|
62名擊敗工黨議員的候選人[h]
|
± ?
|
27%
|
8%
|
3%
|
–
|
18%
|
–
|
–
|
13%
|
31%
|
Survation/《周日郵報》[92][93]
|
2015年5月8-9日
|
329名工黨選民[e]
|
± ?
|
20.9%
|
13.1%
|
5.4%
|
7.7%
|
4.5%
|
—
|
6.4%
|
16.2%
|
25.8%
|
17.4%
|
10.8%
|
3.2%
|
7%
|
4.5%
|
23.8%
|
1.9%
|
15.9%
|
15.6%
|
1,027名英國居民[f]
|
± 2.1%
|
14.1%
|
11.2%
|
6%
|
6.4%
|
5.1%
|
—
|
4.2%
|
12.2%
|
40.6%
|
12.4%
|
8.4%
|
5.8%
|
6.2%
|
4.5%
|
17.8%
|
3.1%
|
11%
|
30.8%
|
首輪投票[94]
候選人
|
工黨黨員
|
已註冊支持者
|
附屬支持者
|
總計
|
票數
|
%
|
票數
|
%
|
票數
|
%
|
票數
|
%
|
|
杰里米·科尔宾
|
121,751
|
49.59%
|
88,449
|
83.76%
|
41,217
|
57.61%
|
251,417
|
|
59.5%
|
|
貝安德
|
55,698
|
22.69%
|
6,160
|
5.83%
|
18,604
|
26.00%
|
80,462
|
|
19.0%
|
|
顧綺慧
|
54,470
|
22.18%
|
8,415
|
7.97%
|
9,043
|
12.64%
|
71,928
|
|
17.0%
|
|
利茲·肯德爾
|
13,601
|
5.54%
|
2,574
|
2.44%
|
2,682
|
3.75%
|
18,857
|
|
4.5%
|
投票率為554,272名的合資格選民中的422,871人(76.3%),另有207張廢票。343,995票(81.3%)自網上投票,是英國最大型的網上投票[95]。
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- ^ Alan Johnson, When that Question Time audience turned on Ed Miliband, the die was cast (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), Guardian (May 8, 2015).
- ^ 37.0 37.1 David Lammy considers Labour leadership bid. BBC. [2015-05-08]. (原始内容存档于2015-05-09).
- ^ Elizabeth Pears, David Lammy rules himself out of Labour leadership race (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), The Voice (May 11, 2015).
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- ^ Ian Lavery to support Andy Burnham as Labour leader. ITV News. 2015-05-14 [2015-05-20]. (原始内容存档于2015-06-07).
- ^ Miner Lavery Tipped For Leaders’ Race (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), Morning Star (May 12, 2015).
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- ^ Philip Sherwell, David Miliband to address political future on Monday (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), Telegraph (May 11, 2015).
- ^ Rebecca Perring, David Miliband blasts Ed's Labour leadership as he rules out running for party's top job (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), Express (May 11, 2015).
- ^ David Miliband criticises brother's election approach (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), BBC News (May 11, 2015).
- ^ Hardman, Isabel. Labour leadership campaign: who might have a pop?. 2015-05-08 [2015-05-08]. (原始内容存档于2015-05-10).
- ^ Jamie Reed won't stand for Labour leadership. ITV News. 2015-06-09 [2015-07-09]. (原始内容存档于2015-07-10).
- ^ Eaton, George. Another boost for Burnham as he wins Rachel Reeves's support. New Statesman. 2015-05-17 [2015-05-20]. (原始内容存档于2015-05-20).
- ^ Andy Burnham can revive Labour, says MP Owen Smith. 2015-05-17 [2015-05-17]. (原始内容存档于2015-05-18).
- ^ Caroline Davies. Keir Starmer rules himself out of Labour leadership contest. The Guardian. 2015-05-17 [2015-05-17]. (原始内容存档于2015-06-19).
- ^ Jon Trickett on Twitter: "For clarity, I won't stand for leadership.The key task on which I will focus is longer term Left renewal. Watch out for my interventions.". Twitter.com. 2015-05-14 [2015-07-09]. (原始内容存档于2016-03-07).
- ^ Why Tories should join Labour and back Jeremy Corbyn. [2015-08-18]. (原始内容存档于2015-08-22).
- ^ Labour’s response to #ToriesForCorbyn shows they really have lost the plot. [2015-08-18]. (原始内容存档于2015-07-02).
- ^ Corbyn: model motion for Left Unity branches. [2015-08-18]. (原始内容存档于2015-08-12).
- ^ Labour Leadership Race 'Should Be Halted'. Sky News. [2015-08-18]. (原始内容存档于2015-08-11).
- ^ Labour leadership: Harriet Harman warns MPs over new members. [2015-08-18]. (原始内容存档于2015-08-20).
- ^ Jeremy Corbyn: I only want genuine Labour supporters to vote for me. [2015-08-18]. (原始内容存档于2015-08-20).
- ^ Labour leadership election: 260 members of rival parties ask to vote. [2015-08-18]. (原始内容存档于2015-08-24).
- ^ Perraudin, Frances. Tory caught signing up as Labour supporter wanted to expose vote 'farce'. theguardian.com. 2015-08-05 [2015-08-11]. (原始内容存档于2015-08-24).
- ^ Carole Walker. Labour contest should be 'paused', MP Barry Sheerman says. BBC News. 2015-08-10 [2015-08-10]. (原始内容存档于2015-08-10).
- ^ Rowena Mason. Labour leadership contest: campaign teams summoned over ballot concerns. the Guardian. [2015-08-18]. (原始内容存档于2015-08-19).
- ^ Labour is going to cancel some supporters’ leadership votes after they've been cast. The Independent. [2015-08-18]. (原始内容存档于2015-08-16).
- ^ 64.0 64.1 The Labour Purge Is Underway, And They’ve Banned Me From Voting Corbyn (IMAGE). [2015-08-30]. (原始内容存档于2017-06-11).
- ^ Francesca Martinez on Twitter: "I've been banned from voting in Labour Leadership election. Because I don't share the party's aims and values* *I wanted to vote for Corbyn". Twitter.com. 2015-08-20 [2015-08-25]. (原始内容存档于2015-11-05).
- ^ Labour leadership: Mark Serwotka of PCS union has vote rejected. [2015-08-30]. (原始内容存档于2015-08-29).
- ^ #LabourPurge: Long-time supporters of party claim they have been barred from voting. [2015-08-30]. (原始内容存档于2015-09-05).
- ^ After raising my concerns with my local mp and several councillors the party has admitted they made a mistake and I'm due for an apology. [2015-08-30]. (原始内容存档于2015-10-21).
- ^ Pete Sinclair on Twitter: "How dare you deprive me of my right to vote in the Labour leadership election? I donated to the party!". Twitter.com. 2015-08-20 [2015-08-25]. (原始内容存档于2015-11-01).
- ^ Aubrey Allegretti. Mark Steel's Ban From Vote In Labour Leadership Election Prompts Raging 'Entryism' Debate. HuffPost. 2015-08-13 [2015-08-25]. (原始内容存档于2015-08-16).
- ^ Labour leadership race: Now Labour is blocking genuine party members from leadership vote. [2015-08-30]. (原始内容存档于2015-08-25).
- ^ 'Labour purge' is deliberate attempt by party to stop Jeremy Corbyn winning, former MP claims. [2015-08-30]. (原始内容存档于2015-08-24).
- ^ Jeremy Hardy: 'Labour trying to rig leadership election'. BBC News. 2015-08-21 [2015-08-25]. (原始内容存档于2015-08-24).
- ^ 'Labour purge' is deliberate attempt by party to stop Jeremy Corbyn winning, former MP claims. Telegraph. 2015-08-21 [2015-08-30]. (原始内容存档于2015-08-24).
- ^ #LabourPurge: Supporter’s fury as they are stopped from voting for next Labour leader. Metro. 2015-08-20 [2015-08-30]. (原始内容存档于2015-08-24).
- ^ Sebastian Payne. Harriet Harman: we are not purging Corbyn supporters. The Spectator. 2015-08-25 [2015-08-30]. (原始内容存档于2015-09-10).
- ^ Not Waving But Purging. [2015-08-30]. (原始内容存档于2015-09-25).
- ^ The momentum is with Corbyn. Opinium. [2015-09-02]. (原始内容存档于2015-09-14).
- ^ Corbyn takes the lead among Labour voters. Opinium. [2015-08-19]. (原始内容存档于2015-08-23).
- ^ Rowena Mason. Jeremy Corbyn is most popular among voters from all parties, poll suggests. The Guardian. 2015-08-14 [2015-08-15]. (原始内容存档于2015-08-15).
- ^ Labour Leadership - Latest Survation Video Poll. Survation. 2015-08-14 [2015-08-15]. (原始内容存档于2015-08-17).
- ^ Will Dahlgreen. With one month to go, Corbyn's lead increases. YouGov. 2015-08-10 [2015-08-18]. (原始内容存档于2015-08-24).
- ^ New Research Now Poll suggests the UK would vote for Andy Burnham in the labour leadership elections. PR Newswire. 2015-07-31 [2015-08-01]. (原始内容存档于2015-08-17).
- ^ Andy Burnham ahead of rivals among Labour voters. Opinium. 2015-08-03 [2015-08-05]. (原始内容存档于2015-08-08).
- ^ 85.0 85.1 Andrew Grice. Labour leadership: Andy Burnham considered the contender most likely to improve party's general election chances. 《獨立報》. 2015-06-24 [2015-07-15]. (原始内容存档于2015-07-22).
- ^ 存档副本. [2015-08-18]. (原始内容存档于2016-03-05).
- ^ Joe Murphy. Voters want next Labour leader to be like Tony Blair, poll shows – Politics – News – London Evening Standard. Standard.co.uk. 2015-06-18 [2015-07-09]. (原始内容存档于2015-07-10).
- ^ Ipsos MORI June Political Monitor Topline Results Fieldwork: 14–16 June 2015 (PDF). Ipsos.mori.com. [2015-07-09]. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2015-06-19).
- ^ Louis Doré. Andy Burnham would make the best Labour leader, but Chuka Umunna would have won party the next election, says YouGov poll. The Independent. 2015-05-17 [2015-07-15]. (原始内容存档于2015-07-22).
- ^ Tim Bale. Who will win the Labour leadership election? It's a little early to tell. New Statesman. 2015-06-22 [2015-07-15]. (原始内容存档于2015-07-16).
- ^ Jane Merrick. Chuka Umunna was in third place in survey of defeated Labour parliamentary candidates, poll reveals. The Independent. 2015-05-16 [2015-07-15]. (原始内容存档于2015-07-22).
- ^ Burnell, Emma. First poll shows Labour leadership contest remains wide open. LabourList. 2015-05-10 [2015-07-09]. (原始内容存档于2015-07-10).
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