1B型激活素受体(Activin receptor type-1B),缩写为ACVR1B或ALK-4,在人体中是一种由ACVR1B基因编码的蛋白质[5][6]。
ALK-4能够对激活素或激活素样配体(即抑制素)的信号进行转导。激活素首先与ACVR2A或ACVR2B结合,之后再与ALK-4形成复合物。上述过程能够招募R-SMAD、SMAD2或者SMAD3分子[7]。ALK-4也可以转导NODAL、GDF-1、Vg1的信号。但是,和激活素不同,这些分子(与ALK-4的结合)需要Cripto蛋白等共受体[8]。
激活素是一类二聚体生长分化因子,属于TGF-β蛋白质超家族,一类结构上相关的信号蛋白。激活素信号能够通过一个包含至少两分子1型以及两分子2型受体的受体丝氨酸激酶异聚复合体进行转导。这些受体都属于跨膜蛋白,包含一个含有丰富半胱氨酸区域的细胞外配体结合结构域,一个跨膜结构域,以及一个推测具有丝氨酸或苏氨酸专一性的细胞内(即细胞质中的)(激酶)结构域。1型受体对信号转导来说是必要的,2型受体则对1型受体的表达以及配体的结合来说不可或缺。在配体结合后,1型受体以及2型受体能够形成一个稳定的复合物,并使1型受体被2型受体磷酸化[6]。
编码ALK-4基因含有11个外含子。可变剪接以及Poly(A)(多聚腺嘌呤)尾巴的变化使该基因拥有多个转录本,目前已有3个转录本得到阐明,另外,此基因可能存在第四个包含8号外显子,且8号外显子与11号外显子缺乏9号外显子的转录本,但是这种转录本对应的mRNA还没有得到确认[6]。
ALK能与ACVR2A、ACVR2B发生相互作用[9][10][11]。
- ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000135503 - Ensembl, May 2017
- ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000000532 - Ensembl, May 2017
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