^Between vowels, Inupiaq consonants can occur either short or long. In IPA, long consonants may be written doubled or be followed by the length sign: /nn/ or /nː/.
^ 2.02.1[χ] exists as a separate sound in some dialects, but is merged into /h/ in others.
^ 3.03.1The labial fricative /v/ and its voiceless allophone are labiodental[v, f] in some dialects and bilabial[β, ɸ] in others.
^ 4.04.1/k, q/ can have fricative allophones [x, χ], respectively, before consonants.
^Inupiaq has three vowel phonemes /a, i, u/, which combine in every permutation to form three short vowels, three long vowels, and six diphthongs.
^ 6.06.16.2The short vowels /ɐ, i, u/ are lowered to [ɑ, e, o], respectively, when adjacent to uvular consonants /q, ʁ/.
