Help:印地語與烏爾都語國際音標

下表列舉了在維基條目中用天城文拼寫印地語、烏爾都字母拼寫的烏爾都語內容如何使用國際音標發音。欲查看在条目中添加国际音标符号的指引，请见{{IPA-hns}}、{{IPA-hi}}及{{IPA-ur}}。

表格

輔音 IPA[1] 印地文[1] ISO 15919 [1] 烏爾都文 英語近似發音 b ब ba ب butter bʱ भ bha بھ abhor d[2] द da د the dʱ[2] ध dha دھ within（dhh音，舌触及上腭，强烈呼气） dʒ ज ja ج jazz dʒʱ झ jha جھ hedgehog（强jhh音） ɖ[2] ड ḍa ڈ gourd ɖʱ[2] ढ ḍha ڈھ adhere f फ़ fa ف food ɡ ग ga گ green ɡʱ घ gha گھ big headed ɣ ग़ ġa غ 类似法语r（主要为乌尔都语；印地语有时替换为[ɡ] (ग)） ɦ ह ha ح head j य ya ی yak k क ka ک sky kʰ ख kha کھ car l ल la ل leaf m म ma م much n न na ن not ɳ ण ṇa ن burn（主要为印地语；乌尔都语使用[n] (ن)） ɲ ञ ña ن 大致为canyon（主要为印地语；乌尔都语使用[n] (ن)） ŋ ङ ṅa ن bank（主要为印地语；乌尔都语使用[n] (ن)） p प pa پ sport pʰ फ pha پھ pencil q क़ qa ق quail（喉部k音，舌不触及上腭）（主要为乌尔都语；印地语有时替换为[k] (क)） ɾ र ra ر 美式英语butter（r可能为颤音[3]) r ɽ ड़ ṛa ڑ gourd ɽʱ ढ़ ṛha ڑھ [ɽ]加h；有些类似美式英语warhead s स sa ث، س، ص sue ʂ ष ṣa ش/س shrimp （主要为印地语；乌尔都语使用[ʃ] (ش)或[s] (س)） ʃ श śa ش shoe t[2] त ta ت، ط still tʰ[2] थ tha تھ tip tʃ च ca چ catch tʃʰ छ cha چھ choose ʈ[2] ट ṭa ٹ carts ʈʰ[2] ठ ṭha ٹھ trip ʋ[4] व va و 介乎w和v之间 x ख़ k͟ha خ Bach（主要为乌尔都语；印地语有时替换为[kʰ] (ख)） z ज़ za ذ، ز، ض، ظ zen ʒ श़ zha ژ pleasure

元音 IPA 印地文 ISO 15919 烏爾都文 英語近似發音 aː आ, पा ā آ, بَا far eː ए, पे ē اے، بے Yale ɛː ऐ, पै ai اَے، بَے hen ə[5] अ, प a اَ، بَ strut iː[6] ई, पी ī اِی، بِی feed ɪ[6] इ, पि i اِ، بِ dill oː ओ, पो ō او، بو story ɔː औ, पौ au اَو، بَو dog uː[6] ऊ, पू ū اُو، بُو moon ʊ[6] उ, पु u اُ، بُ book ɾɪ ऋ, पृ r̥ ری، پر 乌尔都语使用[r] (ر) 其他符號 IPA 印地文 ISO 15919 烏爾都文 英語近似發音 ˈ◌ 重音 （放在重读音节之前） ◌ː 辅音延长 （放在长辅音之后）h ◌̃ ँ m̐ ـں 鼻化元音faun （[ãː, õː]等）

註釋

1. In the letter series beginning with क, क = क् + अ; ka = k + a. Thus 'क' has the inherent vowel 'अ', giving 'क' without added vowel sign using diacritics (The halanta "्" is removed). But the IPA shown here has the consonant 'k' only & does not include the vowel 'a'.
2. To an English-speaker's ear, [ʈ ʈʰ t tʰ] all sound like /t/, and [ɖ ɖʱ d dʱ] all sound like /d/. However, to a Hindi-Urdu-speaker's ear, each is a very different sound. [t d] are like the Spanish or French [t d], with the tongue touching the teeth. [tʰ dʱ] are how a Hindi-Urdu speaker hears English [θ ð] (the th and dh sounds). Hindi-Urdu [ʈ ɖ] are pronounced with the tongue further back, touching behind the teeth mid-palate. [ʈʰ ɖʱ] are how a Hindi-Urdu speaker hears English t d, and [ʈ] is how they hear the English t after an s (as in st).
3. /ɾ/ can surface as a trill [r], mostly as an allophone in word-initial and syllable-final positions, and geminate /ɾː/ is always a trill, e.g. zarā [zəɾaː] (ज़रा – ذرا‬‎ 'little') versus well-trilled zarrā [zəraː] (ज़र्रा – ذرّہ‬‎ 'particle').
4. [v], [w] and intermediate [ʋ] are allophonic in Hindi-Urdu. Some words, such as vrat ('व्रत', 'ورت', religious fast), are pronounced with [v]; others, such as pakwan ('पकवान', 'پكوان', cooked food), are pronounced with [w].
5. /ɛ/ occurs as a conditioned allophone of /ə/ near an /h/ surrounded on both sides by schwas. Usually, the second schwa undergoes syncopation, and the resultant is just an /ɛ/ preceding an /h/.
6. /iː, ɪ/ and /uː, ʊ/ are neutralised to [i], [u] at the end of a word.