Help:古吉拉特語國際音標

下列图表展示了国际音标(IPA)在维基百科条目中表示古吉拉特语发音的方式。对于有关在维基百科条目中添加IPA字符的指南,请参见{{IPA-gu}}与Wikipedia:格式手册/音标 § Notes

请参阅古吉拉特语音系英语Gujarati phonology以更全面地了解古吉拉特语的发音。

辅音
IPA 古吉拉特文 IAST 英语中的近似发音
b b bat
bh clubhhouse
β[1] bh 近似 averse
d d dog
ð[1] dh other
dh redhead
ɖ 美式英语 bird
ɖʱ ḍh 美式英语 birdhouse
j jack
dʒʱ z hedgehog
f[1] ph afraid
ɡ g gate
ɡʱ gh loghouse
ɣ[1] gh go, but without completely blocking airflow on the g
h head
ɦ h ahead
j y yak
k k scold
kh cold
l l leaf
ɭ l 近似 Merlin
m m much
n n not
ɳ 近似 burner
ɲ ñ canyon
ŋ bank
p p span
ph pan
ɾ r 美式英语 atom
ɽ[2] 近似 murder
ɽʱ[2] ḍh 无英语对应发音
ɽ̃[2] 同上,但是鼻化
s[3] s sue
ʂ[3] 近似 worship
ʃ[3] ś sheep
t t stop
th top
ʈ 近似 court
ʈʰ ṭh 近似 tree
c catch
tʃʰ ch cheese
ʋ v vine
元音
IPA 古吉拉特文 IAST 英语中的近似发音
ɑ આ, કા ā bra
æ cash
e એ, કે e pay
ɛ ઍ, કૅ â bed
ə અ, ક a about
i ઇ/ ઈ, કિ/ કી i see
o ઓ, કો o story
ɔ ઑ, કૉ ô off
u ઉ/ ઊ, કુ/ કૂ u look
əj ઐ, કૈ ai kite
əʋ ઔ, કૌ au house


其他符号
IPA 古吉拉特文 IAST 注释
◌̃ 鼻化元音 ([õː]等等)
◌̃ ◌̤ 气声[4]
ː 长度:鼻化时为长元音 (如[moʈʈũː]
ˈ 重读
(置于重读音节前)

注释

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  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 The voiced aspirated stops /ɡʱ, dʱ, bʱ/ and /pʰ/ have spirant allophones [ɣ, ð, β, f].Cardona & Suthar (2003:665頁)
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 The voiced retroflex stops and the nasal /ɖʱ, ɖ, ɳ/ have flapped allophones [ɽʱ, ɽ, ɽ̃]. Intervocalically all three are flapped. The stops are also flapped when before or after other consonants.Mistry (1997:659頁) The stops are unflapped initially, geminated, and postnasally; and flapped intervocalically, finally, and before or after other consonants.Masica (1991:97頁).
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 While there is dialectal variation in this regard, for Wikipedia transcriptions [ʃ] appears contiguous with palatal segments and [ʂ] appears before retroflex consonants: [spəʂʈ] ('clear').Mistry (1997:658頁)
  4. ^ Gujarati contrasts murmured and non-murmured vowels, except for /e/ and /o/.Cardona & Suthar (2003:662頁) Mistry (2003:116頁).

参考文献

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