二氧化二硫,又称一氧化硫二聚体,是一种硫氧化物,化学式 S2O2。[2]这个固体不稳定,在室温下只能存在几秒钟。[3]
二氧化二硫是顺式平面型结构,分子对称性为 C2v。它的S−O键长为145.8 pm,比一氧化硫短。它的S−S键长为202.45 pm,O−S−S键角为112.7°。S2O2的偶极矩为3.17 D。[4]
一氧化硫会自发可逆地二聚成二氧化二硫。[4]因此,制备一氧化硫的方法都可以制备二氧化二硫。二氧化二硫也由二氧化硫放电而成。[5]另一种实验室的制备方法是使氧原子与羰基硫或二硫化碳蒸气反应。[6]
尽管硫单质的大部分形式(S8、其它硫环和硫链)都不会和SO2反应,原子硫会与其反应,形成一氧化硫和二聚体二氧化二硫:[7]
- S + SO2 → S2O2 ⇌ 2 SO
在氦稀释的二氧化硫中,通过微波放电也会产生二氧化二硫。[8]在0.1 mmHg(13 Pa)的压力下,S2O2的产率为5%。[9]
当硫化氢和氧气发生闪光光解时,会瞬时形成二氧化二硫。[10]
二氧化二硫的电离能是6982159096125159100♠9.93±0.02 eV。[6]
如在金星大气层中观察到的,二氧化二硫会吸收320–400 nm处的光,[11]并且据信促成了金星的温室效应。[12]
尽管二氧化二硫和一氧化硫存在平衡,它会和一氧化硫反应,形成二氧化硫和一氧化二硫。[8][13]
S2O2可作为过渡金属的配体。它的配位方式为η2-S–S,两个硫原子都和金属原子键合。[14]这是在2003年发现的。铂的双(三甲基膦)氧化环硫乙烷配合物在110 °C的甲苯中加热时,会放出乙烯,形成有S2O2配体的(Ph3P)2Pt(S2O2)。[15]铱也可以形成二氧化二硫配合物,它的制备方法是用高碘酸钠氧化cis-[(dppe)2IrS2]Cl成[(dppe)2IrS2O],然后再氧化成二氧化二硫配合物[(dppe)2IrS2O2],其中dppe是1,2-双(二苯基膦)乙烷。[16][17]这种物质的S2O2是顺式结构的。同样条件下也可以写成反式配合物,不过这个配合物含有两个分开的SO自由基。这个铱配合物会和三苯基膦反应,形成三苯基氧化膦和三苯基硫化膦。[16]
S
2O−
2 阴离子已在气相中被观察到。它的结构应该是和SO3类似的平面三角形分子构型。[18]
有一些证据表明,二氧化二硫可能少量存在于金星大气层中,并且它可能对其严重的温室效应产生重大影响。[11]在地球大气层中没有发现任何实质性数量的二氧化二硫。
- ^ Demaison, Jean; Vogt, Jürgen. 836. O2S2 Disulfur dioxide (PDF). Asymmetric Top Molecules, Part 3. Landolt–Börnstein: Group II Molecules and Radicals 29D3. Springer. 2011: 492. ISBN 9783642141454. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-14145-4_258. [失效連結]
- ^ Holleman, Arnold F.; Wiber, Egon; Wiberg, Nils (编). Oxides of sulfur. Inorganic Chemistry. Academic Press. 2001: 530 [2021-12-26]. ISBN 9780123526519. (原始内容存档于2021-12-26).
- ^ Mitchell, Stephen C. Biological Interactions Of Sulfur Compounds. CRC Press. 2004: 7. ISBN 9780203362525.
- ^ 4.0 4.1 Lovas, F. J. Spectroscopic studies of the SO2 discharge system. II. Microwave spectrum of the SO dimer. The Journal of Chemical Physics. 1974, 60 (12): 5005. doi:10.1063/1.1681015.
- ^ Thorwirth, Sven; Theulé, P.; Gottlieb, C. A.; Müller, H. S. P.; McCarthy, M. C.; Thaddeus, P. Rotational spectroscopy of S2O: vibrational satellites, 33S isotopomers, and the submillimeter-wave spectrum (PDF). Journal of Molecular Structure. 2006, 795 (1–3): 219–229 [2021-12-26]. Bibcode:2006JMoSt.795..219T. doi:10.1016/j.molstruc.2006.02.055. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2017-08-09). (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- ^ 6.0 6.1 Cheng, Bing-Ming; Hung, Wen-Ching. Photoionization efficiency spectrum and ionization energy of S2O2. The Journal of Chemical Physics. 1999, 110 (1): 188. Bibcode:1999JChPh.110..188C. ISSN 0021-9606. doi:10.1063/1.478094.
- ^ Murakami, Yoshinori; Onishi, Shouichi; Kobayashi, Takaomi; Fujii, Nobuyuki; Isshiki, Nobuyasu; Tsuchiya, Kentaro; Tezaki, Atsumu; Matsui, Hiroyuki. High Temperature Reaction of S + SO2 → SO + SO: Implication of S2O2 Intermediate Complex Formation. The Journal of Physical Chemistry A. 2003, 107 (50): 10996–11000. Bibcode:2003JPCA..10710996M. ISSN 1089-5639. doi:10.1021/jp030471i.
- ^ 8.0 8.1 Field, T. A.; Slattery, A. E.; Adams, D. J.; Morrison, D. D. Experimental observation of dissociative electron attachment to S2O and S2O2 with a new spectrometer for unstable molecules (PDF). Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics. 2005, 38 (3): 255–264 [2013-05-13]. Bibcode:2005JPhB...38..255F. ISSN 0953-4075. doi:10.1088/0953-4075/38/3/009. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2015-09-24). (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- ^ Sahoo, Balaram; Nayak, Nimai Charan; Samantaray, Asutosh; Pujapanda, Prafulla Kumar. Inorganic Chemistry. PHI Learning. 2012: 461 [2013-05-16]. ISBN 9788120343085. (原始内容存档于2021-12-26). (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- ^ Compton, R. G.; Bamford, C. H.; Tipper, C. F. H. Oxidation of H2S. Reactions of Non-Metallic Inorganic Compounds. Comprehensive Chemical Kinetics. Elsevier. 1972: 50 [2021-12-26]. ISBN 9780080868011. (原始内容存档于2021-12-26).
- ^ 11.0 11.1 Frandsen, B. N.; Wennberg, P. O.; Kjærgaard, H. G. Identification of OSSO as a near-UV absorber in the Venusian atmosphere (PDF). Geophysical Research Letters. 2016, 43 (21): 11146–11155 [2021-12-26]. Bibcode:2016GeoRL..4311146F. doi:10.1002/2016GL070916 . (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2018-07-19). (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- ^ Rare molecule on Venus may help explain planet's weather. CBC News. [2016-11-11]. (原始内容存档于2018-10-18). (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- ^ Herron, J. T.; Huie, R. E. Rate constants at 298 K for the reactions SO + SO + M → (SO)2 + M and SO + (SO)2 → SO2 + S2O. Chemical Physics Letters. 1980, 76 (2): 322–324. Bibcode:1980CPL....76..322H. doi:10.1016/0009-2614(80)87032-1.
- ^ Halcrow, Malcolm A.; Huffman, John C.; Christou, George. Synthesis, Characterization, and Molecular Structure of the New S2O Complex Mo(S2O)(S2CNEt2)3·1/2Et2O (PDF). Inorganic Chemistry. 1994, 33 (17): 3639–3644 [2021-12-26]. ISSN 0020-1669. doi:10.1021/ic00095a005. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2015-11-06). (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- ^ Lorenz, Ingo-Peter; Kull, Jürgen. Complex Stabilization of Disulfur Dioxide in the Fragmentation of Thiirane S-Oxide on Bis(triphenylphosphane)platinum(0). Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English. 1986, 25 (3): 261–262. ISSN 0570-0833. doi:10.1002/anie.198602611.
- ^ 16.0 16.1 Schmid, Günter; Ritter, Günter; Debaerdemaeker, Tony. Die Komplexchemie niederer Schwefeloxide. II. Schwefelmonoxid und Dischwefeldioxid als Komplexliganden [The complex chemistry of lower sulfur oxides. II. Sulfur monoxide and disulfur dioxide as complex ligands]. Chemische Berichte. 1975, 108 (9): 3008–3013. ISSN 0009-2940. doi:10.1002/cber.19751080921.
- ^ Nagata, K.; Takeda, N.; Tokitoh, N. Unusual Oxidation of Dichalcogenido Complexes of Platinum. Chemistry Letters. 2003, 32 (2): 170–171. ISSN 0366-7022. doi:10.1246/cl.2003.170.
- ^ Clements, Todd G.; Hans-Jürgen Deyerl; Robert E. Continetti. Dissociative Photodetachment Dynamics of S
2O−
2 (PDF). The Journal of Physical Chemistry A. 2002, 106 (2): 279–284 [2013-05-13]. Bibcode:2002JPCA..106..279C. ISSN 1089-5639. doi:10.1021/jp013329v. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2012-07-14). Archive-It的存檔,存档日期2012-07-14