^£16 in 1760 equates to around £2,574 in 2025, according to calculations based on the Consumer Price Index measure of inflation.[8]
^John was described by the reporter and antiquary John Harland as being "a very handsome, gentlemanly, intelligent man, about six英尺(1.8米) in height".[10] John, who had been raised in Stockport, Lancashire, had worked at Arley Hall since on 1 January 1760 and was on a salary of £20 a year.[11] (£20 in 1760 equates to around £3,217 in 2025, according to calculations based on the Consumer Price Index measure of inflation.[8]
^The sources vary over the number of daughters the Raffalds had. The historian Roy Shipperbottom, who inspected the records of the collegiate church at which Raffald attended, reports that there were six daughters baptised (between March 1766 and September 1774); he says that many of the higher figures quoted came from repeating an unverified source.[14] Nancy Cox, writing in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography states the Raffalds had "at least nine" daughters;[1] the food writer Jane Grigson puts the number at fifteen or sixteen;[15] and the historian Eric Quayle says sixteen.[16]
^The historian Hannah Barker, in her examination of businesswomen in northern England, puts the address as 12 Market Place.[19]
^The full title of the work is The Experienced English House-keeper: For the Use and Ease of Ladies, House-Keepers, Cooks, &c.: Wrote Purely from Practice, and Dedicated to the Hon. Lady Elizabeth Warburton, Whom the Author Lately Served as House-keeper: Consisting of Near 800 Original Receipts, Most of Which Never Appeared in Print.[24]
^£800 in 1769 equates to around £118,000 in 2025, according to calculations based on the Consumer Price Index measure of inflation.[8]
^£1,400 in 1769 equates to around £207,000 in 2025, according to calculations based on the Consumer Price Index measure of inflation.[8]
^The 1772 Dublin printing and 1773 London printing are both classed as the second edition.[36]
^The full title of the work was The Manchester Directory for the Year 1772. Containing an Alphabetical List of the Merchants, Tradesmen, and Principal Inhabitants in the Town of Manchester, with the Situation of Their Respective Warehouses, and Places of Abode.[38]
^Lancashire was growing quickly in this period. The Salford Hundred, which included Manchester, grew from 96,516 in 1761 to 301,251 in 1801, an average annual growth rate of nearly 3 per cent.[40] Manchester had a population of around 30,000 in 1772.[41]
Lehman, Gilly. The British Housewife: Cooking and Society in 18th-century Britain Kindle. Totness, Devon: Prospect Books. 2003. ISBN 978-1-909248-00-7.
Corfield, Penelope J. Business Leaders and Town Gentry in Early Industrial Britain: Specialist Occupations and Shared Urbanism. Urban History. 10 January 2012, 39 (1): 20–50. JSTOR 26398115. doi:10.1017/S0963926811000769.
Corfield, P. J.; Kelly, Serena. 'Giving Directions to the Town': The Early Town Directories. Urban History. 9 February 1984, 11: 22–35. JSTOR 44610004. doi:10.1017/S0963926800006891.
Davidson, Alan. Food: The Natural History of British Cookery Books. The American Scholar. Winter 1983, 52 (1): 98–106. JSTOR 41210911.
Foster, Charles. The History of the Gardens at Arley Hall, Cheshire. Garden History. November 1996, 24 (2): 255–271. JSTOR 1587140. doi:10.2307/1587140.
Lucraft, Fiona. The London Art of Plagiarism, Part One. Petits Propos Culinaires. 1992, 42: 7–24. ISSN 0142-7857.
Wilson, Carol. Wedding Cake: A Slice of History. Gastronomica. May 2005, 5 (2): 69–72. doi:10.1525/gfc.2005.5.2.69.
Raffald, Elizabeth. E. Raffald. Manchester Mercury. 22 November 1763: 4.
Raffald, Elizabeth. Elizabeth Raffald. Manchester Mercury. 14 October 1766: 3.
Raffald, Elizabeth. Elizabeth Raffald, Confectioner. Manchester Mercury. 28 July 1767: 2.
Raffald, Elizabeth. Elizabeth Raffald. Manchester Mercury. 21 May 1771a: 4.
Raffald, Elizabeth. This Day is Published, Price 6s. bound, The Second Edition of that Valuable Work The Experienced English Housekeeper by Elizabeth Raffald. Derby Mercury. 9 August 1771b: 1.
Raffald, Elizabeth. John and Elizabeth Raffald. Manchester Mercury. 25 August 1772: 1.