全国劳资关系法

1935年全国劳资关系法（National Labor Relations Act of 1935，又称瓦格纳法，Wagner Act；國家勞工關係法）是美国製定的一部有關勞動關係的法规，它保障私营部门的雇员组织工会、與公司进行集體協商和采取罷工等集体行动的权利^[1]。该法案由参议员羅伯特·F·瓦格納（英语：Robert F. Wagner）草擬，由第74届美国国会（英语：74th United States Congress）通过，并由美国总统富兰克林·德拉诺·罗斯福签署成为法律。

全国劳资关系法旨在通过促进工会和雇主之间的集體協商，改善雇主和雇员之间谈判不平等的狀況。全国劳资关系委员会（英语：National Labor Relations Board）就是依據該法成立，全国劳动关系委员会專門負責起诉违反劳动法的主體。它还制定了有关集體協商的各种规则，并界定哪些行為屬於不當勞動行為，包括雇主干涉工会的成立和運作。该法不适用于某些行業的職工，例如主管、农业雇员、家政工人、政府雇员和独立承包商。

全国劳资关系法遭到保守派和共和黨的强烈反对，不過在国家劳资关系委员会诉琼斯和劳克林钢铁公司（英语：NLRB v. Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp.）一案中，美國最高法院選擇支持全国劳资关系法。1947年通過的塔夫特-哈特萊法案（英语：Taft–Hartley Act）对全国劳资关系法有所更正。

註釋

1. Nelson, Joyce. The Colonized Eye: Rethinking the Grierson Legend. Toronto: Between the Lines. 1988: 25, 88. 

參考文獻

書籍

• Atleson, James B. Values and Assumptions in American Labor Law Pbk. Amherst, Mass.: University of Massachusetts Press. 1983. ISBN 978-0-585-25833-1. 
• Cortner, Richard C. The Wagner Act Cases. Knoxville: Univ. of Tenn. Press. 1964. LCCN 64016880. 
• Dannin, Ellen. Taking Back the Workers' Law: How to Fight the Assault on Labor Rights. Ithaca, N.Y.: ILR Press/Cornell University Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-8014-4438-8. 
• Gregory, Charles O. Labor and the Law 2d rev. ed., with 1961 Supplement. New York: Norton. 1961. LCCN 61007636. 
• Kennedy, David M. Freedom from Fear: The American People in Depression and War, 1929-1945. Oxford University Press. 1999. ISBN 978-0195038347. 
• Morris, Charles J. The Blue Eagle at Work: Reclaiming Democratic Rights in the American Workplace. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press. 2004. ISBN 978-0-8014-4317-6. 
• Schlesinger, Arthur M. The Coming of the New Deal: 1933–1935 1. Mariner books. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. c. 2003. ISBN 978-0-618-34086-6. 

文章

• F. L. B., Jr. Reinstatement with Back Pay under the Wagner Act. U. Pa. L. Rev. & Amer. L. Reg. Mar 1941, 89 (5): 648–60. JSTOR 3309199. doi:10.2307/3309199. 
• Keyserling, Leon H. The Wagner Act: Its Origin and Current Significance. Geo. Wash. L. Rev. 1960–1961, 29: 199. 
• Klare, Karl E. Judicial Deradicalization of the Wagner Act and the Origins of Modern Legal Consciousness, 1937–1941. Minn. L. Rev. 1977–1978, 62: 265. 
• Lynd, Staughton. Communal Rights. Tex. L. Rev. 1984, 62 (1417): 1430–35. 
• Mikva, A. J. The Changing Role of the Wagner Act in the American Labor Movement. Stan. L. Rev. 1986, 38 (4): 1123–40. JSTOR 1228578. doi:10.2307/1228578. 
• Nathanson, N.L.; Lyons, E. Judicial Review of the National Labor Board. Ill. L. Rev. 1938–1939, 33: 749. 
• Effect on the A. F. of L. -C. I. O. Controversy of the Determination of Appropriate Bargaining Units under the National Labor Relations Act. Yale L.J. 1935–1958, 47 (1): 122–124. JSTOR 791821. doi:10.2307/791821. 
• The Proposed Amendments to the Wagner Act. Harv. L. Rev. 1938–1939, 52 (6): 970–983. JSTOR 1334189. doi:10.2307/1334189. 
• Pope, J. G. How American Workers Lost the Right to Strike, and Other Tales. Mich. L. Rev. 2004, 103 (3): 518–53 [2021-01-16]. JSTOR 4141930. doi:10.2307/4141930. （原始内容存档于2021-01-21）. 
• Pope, Jim. Worker Lawmaking, Sit-Down Strikes, and the Shaping of American Industrial Relations, 1935–1958. Law & Hist. Rev. 2006, 24 (1): 45–113. JSTOR 27641352. doi:10.1017/S0738248000002273. 
• Scheunemann, Edward. The National Labor Relations Act Versus the Courts, 11 Rocky Mountain L. Rev. 135 (1939)
• Warm, J. Louis. A Study of the Judicial Attitude Toward Trade Unions and Labor Legislation. Minn. L. Rev. 1938–1939, 23: 256. 
• Woods, Warren; Wheatley, Altha C. The Wagner Act Decision – A Charter of Liberty for Labor?. Geo. Wash. L. Rev. 1936–1937, 5: 846. 

參見

• 布雷迪訴馬里蘭案（英语：Brady v. Maryland）
• 詹克斯訴美國案（英语：Jencks v. United States）
• 吉廖訴美國案（英语：Giglio v. United States）
• 康尼克訴湯普森訴案（英语：Connick v. Thompson）
• 布雷迪證據開示（英语：Brady disclosure）

外部連結

• USC §§151-169, Labor-Management Relations （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） at the Legal Information Institute
• National Labor Relations Act
• National Labor Relations Board