兹维基瞬变設施

茲威基瞬變設施
其他名称ZTF
类型巡天調查 编辑维基数据
目标暫態 编辑维基数据
坐标33°21′26″N 116°51′35″W
天文台编号I41
开始2017年 编辑维基数据
观测帕洛马山天文台塞缪尔·奥欣望远镜 编辑维基数据
网站https://www.ztf.caltech.edu/

兹维基瞬变設施(英語:Zwicky Transient Facility縮寫ZTF天文台編號I41)是一项宽视场巡天任务,以瑞士天文学家弗里茨·兹维基命名。[1]該計畫裝設一新型宽视场相機,並安装于美国加利福尼亚州圣地亚哥县帕洛玛天文台塞缪尔·奥斯钦望远镜上。它於2018年正式启用,取代在2009至2017年進行的帕洛玛瞬变工厂[2]

簡介

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用于此项巡天任务的塞缪尔·奥斯钦望远镜

兹维基瞬变設施主要负责观测可见光和红外線波段,[3]能探测亮度迅速变化的瞬变天体,例如超新星伽马射线爆中子星合并事件,以及彗星小行星等移动天体。

该设施使用的新型相机由16个CCD组成,每个CCD的分辨率为6144×6160像素,单次曝光可覆盖47平方度的天区。其观测计划旨在每三天完成一次北半天区的完整巡天,并且每晚两次扫描银河系平面,极限星等可达20.5(r波段,5σ)。[4][5]

兹维基瞬变設施产生的数据产出量预计达到前代项目帕洛玛瞬变工厂的十倍。[6]其观测产生的大量数据使其成为维拉·C·鲁宾天文台的先导项目——后者于2025年全面投入运行,数据规模将比兹维基设施再提升一个量级。 [1][4]

2017年11月1日,兹维基瞬变設施在獵戶座区域成功获得初光数据。[7][8][9]

2018年2月7日,兹维基瞬变設施公布了一颗小型近地小行星2018 CL,為其首个发现的天體。[10][11]

重要发现

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  • 2019年5月9日,兹维基瞬变設施宣布发现首颗彗星C/2019 J2(帕洛玛彗星),该彗星属于长周期类型。[12]
  • 天文学家通过回溯分析ZTF历史数据,发现早在2018年12月13日的观测记录中已捕获到2I/Borisov的影像,其记录时间比国际天文学界首次确认该彗星早了8个月。[13] [14]
  • 小行星594913是首颗完整运行轨道均处于金星公转轨道内侧的天体,由兹维基瞬变设施在其暮光巡天项目中首次识别。[15]
  • 研究团队通过系统筛查ZTF图像库,发现激變變星ZTF J1813+4251——这对双星系统的轨道周期不足一小时。[16]
  • AT2021lwx是一例持续时长异常的高能暂现源,其红移值达0.9945,于2021年4月13日被记录。[17][18][19]
  • AT2022cmc被确认为极端明亮的一次非常明亮的潮汐裂解事件红移为1.19325,是迄今为止观测到的亮度最高的天文事件之一。[20][21]
  • 彗星C/2022 E3 (ZTF),其于2023年初达到肉眼可见的程度。

参见

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参考资料

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  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 Zwicky Transient Facility Opens Its Eyes to the Volatile cosmos. Zwicky Transient Facility. November 14, 2017. 
  2. ^ 探高計畫 ZTF First Light. 國立清華大學. 
  3. ^ Bellm, Eric; et al. The Zwicky Transient Facility: System Overview, Performance, and First Results. Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 2019, 131 (995): 018002. Bibcode:2019PASP..131a8002B. S2CID 119410793. arXiv:1902.01932可免费查阅. doi:10.1088/1538-3873/aaecbe可免费查阅. 
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 Bellm, Eric; Kulkarni, Shrinivas. The unblinking eye on the sky. Nature Astronomy. 2017-03-02, 1 (3): 0071. Bibcode:2017NatAs...1E..71B. ISSN 2397-3366. S2CID 119365778. arXiv:1705.10052可免费查阅. doi:10.1038/s41550-017-0071. 
  5. ^ Smith, Roger M.; Dekany, Richard G.; Bebek, Christopher; Bellm, Eric; Bui, Khanh; Cromer, John; Gardner, Paul; Hoff, Matthew; Kaye, Stephen. https://authors.library.caltech.edu/58413/1/Smith_2014p914779.pdf |chapterurl=缺少标题 (帮助) (PDF). Ramsay; McLean; Takami (编). The Zwicky transient facility observing system. SPIE Proceedings 9147 (International Society for Optics and Photonics). 2014-07-14: 914779. Bibcode:2014SPIE.9147E..79S. doi:10.1117/12.2070014.  Editors list列表中的|first4=缺少|last4= (帮助)
  6. ^ Cao, Yi; Nugent, Peter E.; Kasliwal, Mansi M. Intermediate Palomar Transient Factory: Realtime Image Subtraction Pipeline. Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 2016, 128 (969): 114502. Bibcode:2016PASP..128k4502C. S2CID 39571681. arXiv:1608.01006可免费查阅. doi:10.1088/1538-3873/128/969/114502. 
  7. ^ Clery, Daniel. New California telescope aims to catch quickly moving celestial events. Science. 2017-11-13 [14 November 2017]. 
  8. ^ The Zwicky Transient Facility. The Palomar Observatory. [14 November 2017]. 
  9. ^ Boyle, Alan. Super-wide-angle Zwicky Transient Facility celebrates 'first light' with help from UW. GeekWire. 14 November 2017 [14 November 2017]. 
  10. ^ Kulkarni, S.R.; et al. The Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) begins - ATel #11266. Astronomer's Telegram. 7 February 2018 [8 February 2018]. 
  11. ^ Ye, Quan-Zhi; et al. First Discovery of a Small Near Earth Asteroid with ZTF (2018 CL) - ATel #11274. Astronomer's Telegram. 8 February 2018 [8 February 2018]. 
  12. ^ Williams, Gareth V. MPEC 2019-J123: COMET C/2019 J2 (Palomar). Minor Planet Center. [3 November 2019]. 
  13. ^ Wayt Gibbs, W. Alien comets may be common, object from beyond Solar System suggests. Science. [3 November 2019]. 
  14. ^ Williams, Gareth V. MPEC 2019-V34 : COMET 2I/Borisov. Minor Planet Center. [3 November 2019]. 
  15. ^ Bolin, Bryce T; Ahumada, T; van Dokkum, P; Fremling, C; Granvik, M; Hardegree-Ullman, K K; Harikane, Y; Purdum, J N; Serabyn, E; Southworth, J; Zhai, C. The discovery and characterization of (594913) 'Ayló'chaxnim, a kilometre sized asteroid inside the orbit of Venus. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters. 30 September 2022, 517 (1): L49–L54. arXiv:2208.07253可免费查阅. doi:10.1093/mnrasl/slac089可免费查阅. 
  16. ^ Astronomers find a "cataclysmic" pair of stars with the shortest orbit yet. MIT News | Massachusetts Institute of Technology. October 5, 2022. 
  17. ^ Subrayan, Bhagya M.; Milisavljevic, Dan; Chornock, Ryan; Margutti, Raffaella; Alexander, Kate D.; Ramakrishnan, Vandana; Duffell, Paul C.; Dickinson, Danielle A.; Lee, Kyoung-Soo; Giannios, Dimitrios; Lentner, Geoffery. Scary Barbie: An Extremely Energetic, Long-duration Tidal Disruption Event Candidate without a Detected Host Galaxy at z = 0.995. The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 2023-05-01, 948 (2): L19. Bibcode:2023ApJ...948L..19S. ISSN 2041-8205. S2CID 257079239. arXiv:2302.10932可免费查阅. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/accf1a可免费查阅. 
  18. ^ Wiseman, p.; Wang, Y.; Hönig, S.; Castero-Segura, N.; Clark, P.; Frohmaier, C.; Fulton, M. D.; Leloudas, G.; Middleton, M.; Müller-Bravo, T. E.; Mummery, A. Multiwavelength observations of the extraordinary accretion event AT2021lwx. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. July 2023, 522 (3): 3992–4002. arXiv:2303.04412可免费查阅. doi:10.1093/mnras/stad1000可免费查阅. 
  19. ^ Overbye, Dennis. The Biggest Explosion in the Cosmos Just Keeps Going - For three years, telescopes have monitored "one of the most luminous" events ever: a supermassive black hole consuming a gigantic cloud of interstellar gas.. The New York Times. 12 May 2023 [13 May 2023]. (原始内容存档于12 May 2023). 
  20. ^ Goodwin, Adelle; Miller-Jones, James. Astronomers witness the dying flare of a star torn apart by a black hole halfway across the Universe. The Conversation. 30 November 2022 [2022-12-27] (英语). 
  21. ^ Jonathan O’Callaghan. Star ripped up by black hole is one of the brightest things ever seen. New Scientist. Nov 30, 2022.