^ 1.01.11.2Kay, M. S. The Television Test Pattern. Radio & Television News (Ziff-Davis). January 1949, 41 (1): pp. 38–39, 135–136. 引文格式1维护:冗余文本 (link) "Every television station, prior to its actual broadcasting period, transmits a test pattern for the purpose of permitting set owners to adjust their receiver controls for optimum reception." The article also states that television programming (in 1949) was only a few hours each evening. The "Indian Head" test pattern was built into the RCA "Monoscope" tube, a 2F21, which acted as a complete replacement for the TV camera.
^1,000 Hz is the standard 0dB (0 decibel) reference point for analog-NTSC TV aural system frequency response measurements, but for simple line-reference 0dB audio level setting, preference for hearing 400 Hz is common knowledge and experience among broadcast and audio technicians. "From the factory the frequency of the reference tone is configured to be 400 Hz. This is a nice alternative to the more typical 1 kHz, a frequency which can soon become very annoying to a listener’s ears. In most cases 400 Hz will be perfectly acceptable, and actually preferred." - Model 742 Audio Mixer User Guide, Issue 2, May 2005 (PDF) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆); p.10 - Studio Technologies, Inc.