奧氏櫛龍屬

奧氏櫛龍屬
化石时期:白堊紀晚期,70–66 Ma
正模標本的頭骨
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 脊索动物门 Chordata
纲: 蜥形纲 Sauropsida
总目: 恐龍總目 Dinosauria
目: 鸟臀目 Ornithischia
亚目: 鸟脚亚目 Ornithopoda
科: 鴨嘴龍科 Hadrosauridae
亚科: 栉龙亚科 Saurolophinae
属: 奧氏櫛龍屬 Augustynolophus
Prieto-Márquez et al., 2014
模式種
莫氏奧氏櫛龍
Augustynolophus morrisi

Prieto-Márquez et al., 2014
異名
  • 莫氏櫛龍 Saurolophus morrisi
    (Prieto-Márquez, 2013)

奧氏櫛龍屬屬名Augustynolophus)是一櫛龍亞科鴨嘴龍科恐龍,發現於加州莫雷諾組英语Moreno Formation(Moreno Formation),[1]年代為馬斯垂克階,使牠成為白堊紀-古近紀滅絕事件前最後存在的恐龍。[2]

發現歷史

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胸部和肢體材料

屬名紀念贊助洛杉磯博物館的奧古斯汀(Augustyn)家族,加上字尾-lophus意指牠和櫛龍的關係,種名紀念古生物學家威廉·莫里斯(William Morris)[3],最初被敘述成櫛龍的一個種:莫氏櫛龍(Saurolophus morrisi[4][5],然而在經過更深入的研究後,發現牠在顱骨結構上與櫛龍族的其他物種:奧氏櫛龍[6][7][8]、窄吻櫛龍[9][10]巨原櫛龍有很大差異,足以自成一屬。[11]

所有已知的奧氏櫛龍標本發現都侷限於加州,該州屬於拉臘米迪亞古陸的一部分,是世界著名的恐龍化石點之一。[12]目前有兩個已知的奧氏櫛龍標本:正模標本LACM / CIT 2852出土於1943年,由大部分頭骨(包含齒骨和前齒骨)、脊椎、四肢和手部組成;第二具標本LACM / CIT 2760發現於1939年,由頭骨和四肢組成。根據較小的體型,推測可能是青少年個體。[5][13]這是來自美國西海岸的三種已知的恐龍之一,另外兩種分別是坎潘階的漂泊甲龍[14]、和來自華盛頓州的未敘述暴龍科[15]。但在加州和鄰近地區也發現了未定的鴨嘴龍類遺骸。[16][17]

2017年9月,奧氏櫛龍被指定為加州的州恐龍。[18]

敘述

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生命復原與體型比例

如同所有鴨嘴龍類,奧氏櫛龍是植食性恐龍,並有特化於咀嚼食物的齒系。[19]

古生態學

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臉部和下頜材料

拉臘米迪亞海岸省份的恐龍所知甚少[20],如同西部內陸海道對面阿帕拉契亞古陸英语Appalachia (landmass)的情況。美西擁有豐富的化石發現和歷史,最著名的例子有地獄溪組(Hell Creek Formation)及雙麥迪遜組英语Two Medicine Formation(Two Medicine Formation)。[21]然而美西海岸和阿帕拉契亞一樣,陸生動物(主要是恐龍)並未被妥善的研究也不知名。

儘管加州恐龍罕見的事實,但莫雷諾組是加州研究最深入的中生代地層之一,並以大量海相化石聞名[22][23][24][25]。與奧氏櫛龍生活於同一地區的生物包括了龜、滄龍、蛇頸龍及輻鰭魚類[26]。其中生活於莫雷諾組的龜包括王龜屬英语Basilemys甲尾龜屬英语Osteopygis[27]滄龍類包括傾齒龍屬大洋龍屬近瘤龍屬浮龍屬[28]蛇頸龍包括費雷斯諾龍屬莫雷諾龍屬英语Morenosaurus海泡龍屬水怪龍屬[29][30][31];輻鰭魚類則包括邦魚屬蜥齒魚屬英语Saurodon[32]

參考資料

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  1. ^ Sues, H.D.; Bell, P.R.; Evans, D.C. Revision of the status of Saurolophus (Hadrosauridae) from California, USA.. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 2010, 47 (11): 1417–1426. doi:10.1139/e10-062. 
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  3. ^ Prieto-Márquez, Albert; Wagner, Jonathan R.; Bell, Phil R.; Chiappe, Luis M. The late-surviving 'duck-billed' dinosaur Augustynolophus from the upper Maastrichtian of western North America and crest evolution in Saurolophini. Geological Magazine. 2014, 152 (2): 225–241. Bibcode:2015GeoM..152..225P. doi:10.1017/S0016756814000284. 
  4. ^ Morris, W.J. California dinosaurs. Bottjer, DJ; Colburn, IP; Cooper, JD (编). Late Cretaceous Depositional Environments and Paleogeography, Santa Ana Mountains, Southern California. Los Angeles: Pacific Section, Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists. 1982. 
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