帕马语族属于帕马-尼永甘语系,主要分布在澳大利亚昆士兰州的约克角半岛,最早由语言学家肯尼斯·黑尔提出。[2][3]
帕马语族能够被细分为以下几个语支:
[4]
顺着东海岸分别为:
- 北约克角帕马语支 (Northern Paman and Umpila)
- 温宾达穆语支 (Umbindhamu) (†)
- 拉马拉米克语支(Lamalamic): Umbuygamu (†), Lama-Lama (几近绝迹) (密切关联)
- 亚尔加瓦拉语支 (Yalgawarra) (分布于弗林德斯岛) (†)
- 亚兰吉克语支(Yalanjic): Guugu Yimidhirr, Gugu Yalandyi, Barrow Point (†)
- 姆巴里曼-贡丁马语支(Mbariman-Gudhinma) (Gugu Warra) (内陆) (†)
- 迪亚布盖语支(Djabugay) (†)
顺着西海岸分别为:
在内陆还有:
- Thaypan (Rarmul Pama, closely related): Thaypan (?Rarmul) (nearly extinct), Aghu Tharrnggala (†), Ikarranggali–Alungul–Angkula (†), Takalak (†)
- Southern: Agwamin (†), Mbabaram (†), Mbara (†), Walangama (†)
- ^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian (编). Paman. Glottolog 2.7. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. 2016.
- ^ Hale, Kenneth L. Classification of Northern Paman Languages, Cape York Peninsula, Australia; A Research Report. Oceanic Linguistics (Oceanic Linguistics, Vol. 3, No. 2). 1964, 3 (2): 248–265. JSTOR 3622881. doi:10.2307/3622881.
- ^ Hale, Kenneth L. The Paman group of the Pama–Nyungan phylic family. Appendix to Languages of the World: Indo-Pacific Fascicle Six, by G.N. O'Grady, C. F. & F.M. Voegelin. Anthropological Linguistics. 1966, 8 (2): 162–197.
- ^ See Dixon (2002), pp. xxx–xlii.
Paman