操演性

操演性（英語：Performativity），或譯作表演性、展演性，是指语言作為社会行为形式发挥作用、產生效果的術語。[1] 操演性，在人类学、社会地理學、文化地理学、经济学、性别研究、法學、语言学、戲劇理論、表演研究、历史、管理學和哲学等不同领域有多种应用與定義。

術語，來自语言哲学家约翰·奥斯丁的言語行為理論。奧斯丁提到了一種特別的能力：通过言语和交流，來采取行动，或達成某项行动。奥斯丁将其与陈述敘說（英語：constative utterance）区分開來，稱為操演敘說（英語：performative utterance）。奧斯丁定义陈述敘說为可以“评估为真或假”的語句。而操演敘說[註 1]的常见例子，有：承诺、打赌、举行婚礼、示威者宣布罢工、或法官宣布裁决。 [1]

受奥斯汀影响，性别研究哲学家朱迪思·巴特勒认为，性别是通过日常的言语行为和非语言行為在社会上构建的，有助于定义和维持身份。[2] 这种性別操演性的观点颠覆了身份是言语、手势等次生行为的原因。相反，性別操演性将行动、行为和手势也视为是形成个人身份的原因，而不只是結果，而个人身份在不断通过言语行为和象征性交流中得到重新定义。[1] 巴特勒的此觀點也受到了傅柯、阿圖塞等哲学家的影响。[3]

参考

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註

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  1. ^ 或翻作「踐行敘說」、「展演敘說」等

註腳

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  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Cavanaugh, Jillian R. Performativity. Anthropology. 10 March 2015 [10 October 2017]. doi:10.1093/OBO/9780199766567-0114. （原始内容存档于2023-03-21）. 
  2. ^ Butler, Judith. Gender Trouble. New York: Routledge. 1990. 
  3. ^ Cultural Studies and Discourse Analysis – Barker & Galasinski

延伸閱讀

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  • Barad, Karen. 2003. "Posthumanist Performativity: Toward and Understanding of How Matter Comes to Matter." Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 28.3: 801–831.
  • Boldyrev, Ivan and Svetlova, Ekaterina. 2016. Enacting Dismal Science: New Perspectives on the Performativity of Economics. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
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  • Butler, Judith. 2000. "Critically Queer", in Identity: A Reader. London: Sage Publications.
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  • Hall, Stuart. 2000. "Who Needs Identity?" In Identity: A Reader. London: Sage Publications.
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  • Kessler, Suzanne, and Wendy McKenna. 1978. Gender: An Ethnomethodological Approach. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
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  • Lloyd, Moya. 1999. "Performativity, Parody, Politics", Theory, Culture & Society, 16(2), 195–213.
  • Matynia, Elzbieta. 2009. Performative Democracy. Boulder: Paradigm.
  • Membretti, Andrea. 2009. "Per un uso performativo delle immagini nella ricerca-azione sociale", Lo Squaderno n.12 (http://www.losquaderno.professionaldreamers.net/?p=1101 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）)
  • McKenzie, Jon. "Perform or Else: From Discipline to Performance." London: Routledge, 2001.
  • McKenzie, Jon, Heike Roms, and C. J. Wan-ling. Wee. "Contesting Performance: Global Sites of Research." Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010.
  • Muñoz, Performing Disidentifications. Disidentifications: Queers of Color and the Performance of Politics. 1999.
  • Oliver, Kelly. 2003. "What Is Transformative about the Performative? From Repetition to Working Through." In Ann Cahill and Jennifer Hansen, eds., Continental Feminism Reader.
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  • Pickering, Andrew. 1995. The Mangle of Practice: Time, Agency and Science. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
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  • Robinson, Douglas. 2006. Introducing Performative Pragmatics. London and New York: Routledge.
  • Roudavski, Stanislav. 2008. Staging Places as Performances: Creative Strategies for Architecture （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） (PhD, University of Cambridge)
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  • Searle, John. 1969. "Speech Acts: An Essay in the Philosophy of Language （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）". Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Sedgwick, Eve Kosovsky. 2003. Touching Feeling: Affect, Pedagogy, Performativity. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
  • West, Candace and Don Zimmerman. 1987. "Doing Gender." Gender and Society 1.2: 121–151.