极端电影 (英語:extreme cinema )是指電影的一個子類型,其特點是使用過度的性 和暴力,以及含有肢解 和酷刑 等各種極端的性質。近年来,极端电影专注于类型片,主要是恐怖片和剧情片。
21世纪亚洲电影的日益流行为极端电影的发展做出了贡献,尽管极端电影仍被视为以恐怖電影 为基础的流派[1] 。作为一个相对较新的流派,极端电影备受争议,并且在主流媒体中普遍不被接受[2] 。极端电影的目标是特定而小众的观众群体[3] 。
1979年《罗马帝国艳情史 》,以其露骨的性愛場面而聞名
极端电影的前史可以追溯到对藝術電影 的审查以及20世纪上半叶开始在英语市场上进行的经典剝削電影 的广告策略,以及后来对性的自由呈现[4] 。
“极端电影”这个名称源自于一系列亚洲电影,其结合了极端暴力、恐怖和令人震惊的情节等引人注意的特征[5] 。极端电影可以追溯到“亚洲极端”(Asian Extreme),这个术语用于描述日本和其他亚洲电影的过度特性。早期的亚洲极端电影例子包括1998年《午夜凶鈴 》和2000年《大逃殺 》[6] 。
极端电影受到影评人和公众的高度批评和争议。对于这些电影中过度性化 的争议使其成为对“主流”社会标准的威胁[7] 。
对于现代电影中暴力的使用的增加也受到了批评。自从70年代血腥砍杀电影 的出现以来,极端电影的日益流行导致了大众媒体中的随意暴力[8] 。一些人批评极端电影让青少年容易接触和无意识地将其作为受众[9] 。
著名电影 [ 编辑 ]
著名导演 [ 编辑 ]
《粉红色火烈鸟》於2021年入選國家影片登記表 [78] 。
《迷上癮》和《原罪犯》被BBC評為21世紀百大電影 [79] 。
作为媒体中的其他例子,可以看到在日漫 、电视 和电子游戏 中,因为其性质与极端电影相关或受其启发而呈现出多样化的表现(例如《烙印勇士 》[80] 、《权力的游戏 》[81] 、《回復術士的重啟人生 》[82] [83] 、2007年《俠盜獵魔2 》[84] [85] 和2018年游戏《恐惧与饥饿》[86] )。
参考资料 [ 编辑 ]
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^ Pett, E. “A New Media Landscape? The BBFC, Extreme Cinema As Cult, And Technological Change.” New Review of Film and Television Studies 13.1 (2015): 83-99. Scopus. Web. 9 Feb. 2016
^ Sapolsky, Barry S., Fred Moliter, and Sarah Luque. “Sex and Violence in Slasher Films: Re-examining the Assumptions.” J&MC Quarterl y 80.1 (2003): 28-38. SAGE Journals . Web. 9 Feb. 2016.
^ Sargent, James D., Todd F. Hetherton, M. Bridget Ahrens, Madeline A. Dalton, Jennifer J. Tickle, and Michael L. Beach. “Adolescent Exposure to Extremely Violent Movies.” Journal of Adolescent Health 31.6 (2002): 449-454. JAMES MADISON UNIV's Catalog. Web.
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Sapolsky, Barry S., Fred Moliter, and Sarah Luque. “Sex and Violence in Slasher Films: Re-examining the Assumptions.” J&MC Quarterl y 80.1 (2003): 28-38. SAGE Journals . Web. 9 Feb. 2016.
Sargent, James D., Todd F. Hetherton, M. Bridget Ahrens, Madeline A. Dalton, Jennifer J. Tickle, and Michael L. Beach. “Adolescent Exposure to Extremely Violent Movies.” Journal of Adolescent Health 31.6 (2002): 449-454. JAMES MADISON UNIV's Catalog. Web.
外部链接 [ 编辑 ]