^Buddha's teachings vs contemporary teachings. Suttas.com. [2025-02-12](英语). Pakudha Kaccayana belonged to Ajivika School. He did not believe in creator god. He believed the external existence of 7 basic principles of earth, water, heat, air, pleasure, pain and life principle. These elements he said were not created, indestructible and rigid. He was the first Indian atomist.
Ñāṇamoli, Bhikkhu (trans.) and Bodhi, Bhikkhu (ed.) (2001). The Middle-Length Discourses of the Buddha: A Translation of the Majjhima Nikāya. Boston: Wisdom Publications. ISBN 0-86171-072-X.
Walshe, Maurice O'Connell (trans.) (1995). The Long Discourses of the Buddha: A Translation of the Dīgha Nikāya. Somerville: Wisdom Publications. ISBN 0-86171-103-3.