棘刺龍蝦 的葉形幼體
葉形幼體 (phyllosoma )指無螯下目 下的現存的蝦 的幼體 階段。[ 1] [ 2] 這種透明的幼體瘦而扁平,有長足。這一階段可能持續數年之久,最終葉形幼體可以長到很大。[ 3] 龍蝦 的葉形幼體在變成底棲的成體之前還需經過另外一個過渡階段。[ 4] [ 5]
雖然葉形幼體是一個十分值得關注的階段,但是現在對此的研究卻並不深。[ 6] [ 7] 對於一些種類連其食物都不清楚。[ 8]
^ Gerhard Scholtz & Stefan Richter. Phylogenetic systematics of the reptantian Decapoda (Crustacea, Malacostraca) (PDF ) . Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society . 1995, 113 (3): 289–328 [2013-04-23 ] . doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1995.tb00936.x . (原始内容存档 (PDF) 于2020-10-25).
^ Ferran Palero, Keith A. Crandall, Pere Abelló, Enrique Macpherson & Marta Pascual. Phylogenetic relationships between spiny, slipper and coral lobsters (Crustacea, Decapoda, Achelata) (PDF) . Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution . 2009, 50 (1): 152–162. PMID 18957325 . doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2008.10.003 . (原始内容 (PDF ) 存档于2011-10-08).
^ www.teara.govt.nz (页面存档备份 ,存于互联网档案馆 ), contains a picture of phyllosome on the palm
^ David Diaz, Marc Mari, Pere Abello & Montserrat Demestre. Settlement and juvenile habitat of the European spiny lobster Palinurus elephas (Crustacea : Decapoda : Palinuridae) in the western Mediterranean Sea (PDF) . Scientia Marina . 2001, 65 : 347–356 [2010-09-28 ] . (原始内容 (PDF ) 存档于2011-07-20).
^ Ferran Palero, Guillermo Guerao & Paul F. Clark. Palinustus mossambicus Barnard 1926 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Achelata: Palinuridae); morphology of the puerulus stage (PDF excerpt) . Zootaxa . 2008, 1857 : 44–54 [2013-04-23 ] . (原始内容存档 (PDF) 于2019-07-24).
^ Raquel Goñi & Daniel Latrouite. Review of the biology, ecology and fisheries of Palinurus spp. species of European waters:Palinurus elephas (Fabricius, 1787) and Palinurus mauritanicus (Gruvel, 1911) (PDF ) . Cahiers de Biologie Marine . 2005, 46 : 127–142 [2013-04-23 ] . (原始内容存档 (PDF) 于2011-07-21).
^ Jiro Kittaka & Fernando A. Abrunhosa. Characteristics of palinurids (Decapoda; Crustacea) in larval culture. Hydrobiologia . 1997, 358 : 305–311. doi:10.1023/A:1003158001020 .
^ Jeffs A. (2007) (页面存档备份 ,存于互联网档案馆 ) Revealing the natural diet of the phyllosoma larvae of spiny lobster. Bull. Fish. Res. Agen. No. 20, 9-13 (review)