裸蕨屬

裸蕨
化石时期：泥盆紀早期–石炭紀晚期[1]
裸蕨的化石
科学分类 编辑
界： 植物界 Plantae
演化支： 维管植物 Tracheophyta
纲： †三列蕨纲 Trimerophytopsida
目： †三列蕨目 Trimerophytales
科： †三列蕨科 Trimerophytaceae
属： †裸蕨屬 Psilophyton
Dawson, (1859)[2]emend. Hueber & H.P.Banks（英语：Harlan Parker Banks） (1967)[3]
種

見內文

裸蕨（學名：Psilophyton）是一屬已滅絕的陸生維管植物，是泥盆紀時期被發現的第一批化石植物之一，它們的構造比其他一些與其生存於相同年代的植物（如萊尼蕨）複雜得多，並被認為是蕨類植物演化成種子植物過程中的一個環節。

特徵

[编辑]

裸蕨的型態目前尚未被完全了解。其直立的地上莖有著二歧分叉的結構，沒有根與葉，或僅具有刺狀附屬物，故名裸蕨。莖內具有簡單的維管束構造和典型的原生中柱，表皮具有角質層和氣孔。孢子囊為卵圓形，成對著生於叉枝頂端。

物種

[编辑]
  • Psilophyton burnotense (Gilkinet) Kräusel & Weyland[4]
  • Psilophyton charientos Gensel, (1979)[5]
  • Psilophyton coniculum Trant & Gensel, (1985)[6]
  • Psilophyton crenulatum Doran, (1980)[7]
  • Psilophyton dapsile Kasper & al., (1974)[8]
  • Psilophyton dawsonii H.P.Banks & al., (1975)[9]
  • Psilophyton forbesii Andrews & al., (1968)[10]
  • Psilophyton genseliae Gerienne, (1997)[11]
  • Psilophyton krauselii Obrhel, (1959)[12]
  • Psilophyton microspinosum Kasper & al., (1974)[8]
  • Psilophyton parvulum Gerienne, (1995)[13]
  • Psilophyton princeps Dawson, (1859)[2]
  • Psilophyton primitivum Hao & Gensel, (1998)[14]
  • Psilophyton szaferi Zdebska, (1986)[15]

參考文獻

[编辑]
  1. ^ Fossilworks: Psilophyton. [2018-06-29]. （原始内容存档于2018-06-29） （英语）. 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 Dawson, J.W., On fossil plants from the Devonian rocks of Canada, Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, 1859, 15: 477–488, doi:10.1144/gsl.jgs.1859.015.01-02.57 , cited in Gerrienne 1995
  3. ^ Hueber, F.M. & Banks, H.P., Psilophyton princeps: the search for organic connection, Taxon, 1967, 16 (81–85), JSTOR 1216887 , cited in Banks 1975
  4. ^ Schweitzer, Hans-Joachim & Rebske, Christine, Die basalen Organe von Psilophyton burnotense (Gilkinet) Kräusel & Weyland, Bonn: Paläobotanische Abteilung des Institutes für Paläontologie der Universität Bonn, 1988, OCLC 258188031 
  5. ^ Gensel, Patricia G., Two Psilophyton species from the Lower Devonian of Eastern Canada with a discussion of morphological variation within the genus, Palaeontographica Abteilung B, 1979, 168 (4–6): 81–99 , cited in Edwards, D., Xylem in early tracheophytes, Plant, Cell and Environment, 2003, 26 (1): 57–72, doi:10.1046/j.1365-3040.2003.00878.x 
  6. ^ Trant, C.A. & Gensel, P.G., Branching in Psilophyton : a new species from the Lower Devonian of New Brunswick, Canada, American Journal of Botany, 1985, 72 (8): 1256–1273, doi:10.2307/2443406 , cited in Gerrienne 1995
  7. ^ Doran, J.B., A new species of Psilophyton from the Lower Devonian of Northern New Brunswick, Canada, Canadian Journal of Botany, 1980, 58: 2241–2262, doi:10.1139/b80-259 , cited in Gerrienne 1995
  8. ^ 8.0 8.1 Kasper, A.E.; Andrews, H.N. & Forbes, W.H., New fertile species of Psilophyton from the Devonian of Maine, Am. J. Bot., 1974, 61: 339–359, doi:10.2307/2441802 , cited in Banks 1980
  9. ^ Banks, H.P.; Leclercq, S. & Hueber, F.M., Anatomy and morphology of Psilophyton dawsonii, sp. n. from the Late Lower Devonian of Quebec (Gaspé) and Ontario, Canada, Palaeontogr. Am., 1975, 8: 75–127 , cited in Banks 1980
  10. ^ Andrews, H.N.; Kasper, A.E. & Mencher, E., Psilophyton forbesii, a new Devonian plant from northern Maine, Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club, 1968, 95: 1–11 , cited in Gerrienne 1995
  11. ^ Gerrienne, P., The fossil plants from the Lower Devonian of Marchin (northern margin of Dinant Synclinorium, Belgium). V. Psilophyton genseliae sp. nov., with hypotheses on the origin of Trimerophytina, Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 1997, 98 (3–4): 303–324, doi:10.1016/S0034-6667(97)00010-9 
  12. ^ Obrhel, J., Neue Pflanzenfunde in den Srbsko-Schichten (Mitteldevon), Vestn. Ustred. Ustavu Geol., 1959, 34: 384–388 （德语） , cited in Gerrienne 1995
  13. ^ Gerrienne, P., Les fossiles végétaux du Dévonien inférieur de Marchin (bord nord du Synclinorium de Dinant, Belgique). III. Psilophyton parvulum nov. sp., Geobios, 1995, 28 (2): 131–144, doi:10.1016/S0016-6995(95)80220-7 （法语） 
  14. ^ Hao, S.-G. & Gensel, P.G., Some new plant finds from the Posongchong Formation of Yunnan, and consideration of a phytogeographic similarity between South China and Australia during the Early Devonian, Science China Earth Sciences, 1998, 41 (1): 1–13, doi:10.1007/bf02932414 
  15. ^ Zdebska, D., Psilophyton szaferi sp. nov. from the Lower Devonian of the Holy Cross Mountains, Poland, Acta Soc. Bot. Pol., 1986, 55: 315–324, doi:10.5586/asbp.1986.030 , cited in Gerrienne 1995